scholarly journals Review of Energy Harvesters Utilizing Bridge Vibrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Ullah Khan ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Bridge Vibrations ◽  
Power Densities

For health monitoring of bridges, wireless acceleration sensor nodes (WASNs) are normally used. In bridge environment, several forms of energy are available for operating WASNs that include wind, solar, acoustic, and vibration energy. However, only bridge vibration has the tendency to be utilized for embedded WASNs application in bridge structures. This paper reports on the recent advancements in the area of vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) utilizing bridge oscillations. The bridge vibration is narrowband (1 to 40 Hz) with low acceleration levels (0.01 to 3.8 g). For utilization of bridge vibration, electromagnetic based vibration energy harvesters (EM-VEHs) and piezoelectric based vibration energy harvesters (PE-VEHs) have been developed. The power generation of the reported EM-VEHs is in the range from 0.7 to 1450000 μW. However, the power production by the developed PE-VEHs ranges from 0.6 to 7700 μW. The overall size of most of the bridge VEHs is quite comparable and is in mesoscale. The resonant frequencies of EM-VEHs are on the lower side (0.13 to 27 Hz) in comparison to PE-VEHs (1 to 120 Hz). The power densities reported for these bridge VEHs range from 0.01 to 9539.5 μW/cm3and are quite enough to operate most of the commercial WASNs.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Bridge Energy Harvester Utilizing Bridge’s Vibrations and Ambient Wind for Wireless Sensor Node Application

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Ambient Wind ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Maximum Voltage

This paper presents novel electromagnetic bridge energy harvesters (BEHs) utilizing bridge vibrations and ambient wind surges to power wireless sensor nodes used for bridges’ health monitoring. The developed BEHs are cantilever-type and are comprised of a wound coil, permanent magnet, an airfoil, cantilever beam, and a support. Harvesters are characterized in-lab under different vibration levels and are subjected to variable speed air surges. The harvesters exhibit multiresonant frequencies; prototype I has resonant frequencies of 3.6, 14.9, and 17.6 Hz. However, 7.6, 33, and 45 Hz are the resonant frequencies for prototype II. Under vibration testing, prototype I produced a maximum voltage of 206 mV and an optimum power of 354.51 μW at a frequency of 3.6 Hz and 0.4g acceleration. However, at a frequency of 7.6 Hz and 0.6g acceleration, prototype II showed the capability of generating a maximum voltage of 430 mV and an optimum power of 2214.32 μW. Moreover, when BEHs are characterized under variable speed air surges, prototype I generated a load voltage of 19 mV and a power of 7.84 μW at an air speed of 9 m/s; however, 22 mV and 9.14 μW load voltage and power, respectively, are developed by prototype II at 6 m/s air speed.

scholarly journals Robustness of Nonlinear Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester Subjected to Random Excitation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Drezet ◽  
Najib Kacem ◽  
Noureddine Bouhaddi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Moment Equation ◽  
Random Excitation ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Cubic Stiffness

Vibration Energy Harvesters (VEHs) are devices used to collect mechanical energy from the surrounding environment to supply low power electronic systems such as Wireless Sensor Nodes. In this paper, we introduce an electromagnetic VEH model and a semi-analytical method called Moment Equation Copula Closure (MECC) that is compared to Monte Carlo simulations. Those methods are then used to derive the maximum power that can be extracted from random vibration before analyzing the effect of cubic stiffness nonlinearity on the VEH robustness against the variation of the excitation spectrum. Unlike bistable nonlinearity, it is shown that Duffing nonlinearity can be used to enhance the VEH power density and robustness with a limited effect on the harvested power.

scholarly journals MEMS Vibrational Power Generator for Bridge Slab and Pier Health Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8258
Author(s):  
Katsufumi Hashimoto ◽  
Tomoki Shiotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Mitsuya ◽  
Kai-Chun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Fixed Boundaries ◽  
Infinite Energy

Micro energy harvesters (MEH) based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are rapidly developing, providing a green and virtually infinite energy source. The electrostatic vibratory power generator outputs electric power when it vibrates, motivating us to apply it to vibrating civil infrastructures excited by ambient and daily traffic loadings. In this study, an innovative monitoring system utilizing MEH devices was proposed for detecting slab damage and pier scours for bridge structures. Its performance was numerically investigated with finite element models, where the damage in slabs was modeled with a reduced Young’s modulus and scours with fixed boundaries of inclined depth. It was shown that the powers generated at each MEH varied as the target structure’s modal frequency shifted and amplitude changed by damage or scour. A power generation index was proposed to identify slab damage and a reference-free method was introduced to detect uneven pier scours. Utilizing an electrostatic vibration-based MEH (MEMS vibrational power generator), this pioneering study showed that MEMS vibrational power generators can work as sensors for an infrastructure structural health monitoring system.

scholarly journals A Multi-Mode Broadband Vibration Energy Harvester Composed of Symmetrically Distributed U-Shaped Cantilever Beams

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Huang ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Keren Dai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Straight Beam ◽  
Resonance Frequencies

Using the piezoelectric effect to harvest energy from surrounding vibrations is a promising alternative solution for powering small electronic devices such as wireless sensors and portable devices. A conventional piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) can only efficiently collect energy within a small range around the resonance frequency. To realize broadband vibration energy harvesting, the idea of multiple-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) PEH to realize multiple resonant frequencies within a certain range has been recently proposed and some preliminary research has validated its feasibility. Therefore, this paper proposed a multi-DOF wideband PEH based on the frequency interval shortening mechanism to realize five resonance frequencies close enough to each other. The PEH consists of five tip masses, two U-shaped cantilever beams and a straight beam, and tuning of the resonance frequencies is realized by specific parameter design. The electrical characteristics of the PEH are analyzed by simulation and experiment, validating that the PEH can effectively expand the operating bandwidth and collect vibration energy in the low frequency. Experimental results show that the PEH has five low-frequency resonant frequencies, which are 13, 15, 18, 21 and 24 Hz; under the action of 0.5 g acceleration, the maximum output power is 52.2, 49.4, 61.3, 39.2 and 32.1 μW, respectively. In view of the difference between the simulation and the experimental results, this paper conducted an error analysis and revealed that the material parameters and parasitic capacitance are important factors that affect the simulation results. Based on the analysis, the simulation is improved for better agreement with experiments.

Wearable energy-efficient fitness tracking system for sports person health monitoring application

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dan Xie ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Priyan Malarvizhi Kumar ◽  
Bala Anand Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Monitoring Application

The high potential of wearable physiological sensors in regenerative medicine and continuous monitoring of human health is currently of great interest. In measuring in real-time and non-invasively highly heterogeneous constituents, have a great deal of work and therefore been pushed into creating several sports monitoring sensors. The advanced engineering research and technology lead to the design of a wearable energy-efficient fitness tracking (WE2FT) system for sports person health monitoring application. Instantaneous accelerations are measured against pulses, and specific walking motions can be tracked by this system using a deep learning-based integrated approach of an intelligent algorithm for gait phase detection for the proposed system (WE2FT). The algorithm’s effects are addressed, and the performance has been evaluated. In this study, the algorithm uses a smartphone application to track steps using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. For this initiative, the central node’s optimal location is measured with the antenna reflectance coefficient and CM3A path loss model (IEEE 802.15.6) among the sensor nodes for energy-efficient communication. The simulation experiment results in the highest performance in terms of energy efficiency and path loss.

scholarly journals Power Density Improvement of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters via a Novel Hybridization Scheme with Electromagnetic Transduction

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Li ◽  
Chuanfu Xin ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Transduction ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Power Densities

A novel hybridization scheme is proposed with electromagnetic transduction to improve the power density of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) in this paper. Based on the basic cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester (BC-PEH) composed of a mass block, a piezoelectric patch, and a cantilever beam, we replaced the mass block by a magnet array and added a coil array to form the hybrid energy harvester. To enhance the output power of the electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH), we utilized an alternating magnet array. Then, to compare the power density of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH, the experiments of output power were conducted. According to the experimental results, the power densities of the hybrid harvester and BC-PEH are, respectively, 3.53 mW/cm3 and 5.14 μW/cm3 under the conditions of 18.6 Hz and 0.3 g. Therefore, the power density of the hybrid harvester is 686 times as high as that of the BC-PEH, which verified the power density improvement of PEH via a hybridization scheme with EMEH. Additionally, the hybrid harvester exhibits better performance for charging capacitors, such as charging a 2.2 mF capacitor to 8 V within 17 s. It is of great significance to further develop self-powered devices.

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