Carotenoids Functionality, Sources, and Processing by Supercritical Technology: A Review

Carotenoid is a group of pigments naturally present in vegetal raw materials that have biological properties. These pigments have been used mainly in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Currently, the industrial production is executed through chemical synthesis, but natural alternatives of carotenoid production/attainment are in development. The carotenoid extraction occurs generally with vegetal oil and organic solvents, but supercritical technology is an alternative technique to the recovery of these compounds, presenting many advantages when compared to conventional process. Brazil has an ample diversity of vegetal sources inadequately investigated and, then, a major development of optimization and validation of carotenoid production/attainment methods is necessary, so that the benefits of these pigments can be delivered to the consumer.

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Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: A Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk Chemicals, and Biorefineries

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4466

Author(s):

Pablo Domínguez de María

Keyword(s):

Asymmetric Synthesis ◽

Organic Solvents ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Industrial Processes ◽

Polymer Chemistry ◽

Fine Chemicals ◽

Mild Conditions ◽

Bulk Chemicals ◽

Recent Developments

Nitriles comprise a broad group of chemicals that are currently being industrially produced and used in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Aldoxime dehydratases catalyze the cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles starting from aldoximes under mild conditions, holding potential to become sustainable alternatives for industrial processes. Different aldoxime dehydratases accept a broad range of aldoximes with impressive high substrate loadings of up to >1 Kg L−1 and can efficiently catalyze the reaction in aqueous media as well as in non-aqueous systems, such as organic solvents and solvent-free (neat substrates). This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in this field with emphasis on strategies that may be of relevance for industry and sustainability. When possible, potential links to biorefineries and to the use of biogenic raw materials are discussed.

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Rose Flowers—A Delicate Perfume or a Natural Healer?

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11010127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Milka Mileva ◽

Yana Ilieva ◽

Gabriele Jovtchev ◽

Svetla Gateva ◽

Maya Margaritova Zaharieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Food Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Oil Sand ◽

Rosa Gallica ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.

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AlCl3·XNaCl Complex Compound as Catalyst Synthesis Dichlorophenylphosphine

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.128 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 641-642 ◽

pp. 128-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tian Bo Fan ◽

Gui Qi An ◽

Tao Tang ◽

Yun Yi Lui ◽

Xiao Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Production Rate ◽

Complex Compound ◽

Industrial Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Reference Value ◽

Raw Material ◽

Catalyst Synthesis ◽

Catalyst Amount

Dichlorophenylphosphine(DCPP) was prepared by the catalyst of AlCl3·XNaCl complex using C6H6, PCl3as raw materials. The influences of the catalyst amount, raw material ratio and the choice of extractant on the production rate were studied, as well as the recycling of the catalyst. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the products. The results show that the products by experiments were dichlorophenylphosphine(DCPP). All above have some reference value for the industrial production.

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Diverse resourcing of Nerium indicum leaves for bio-utilization

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci190603052m ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3 Part A) ◽

pp. 1785-1793

Author(s):

Dongli Ma ◽

Yuanyuan Chen ◽

Yong Lai ◽

Zanpei Zhang ◽

Ximei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Solvent ◽

Organic Solvents ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Food Additives ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Bioactive Ingredients ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Alcohol Benzene

Nerium indicum is an ornamental plant that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions wordwide. It has toxic and medicinal properties which is closely related to the bioactive ingredients contained in Nerium indicum. In our research, the leaves of Nerium indicum was used as raw materials to study the chemical constituents and their effects. The chemical constituents of the leaves were analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS with alcohol, benzene and acetone as organic solvents. A total of 73 compounds were obtained by acetone organic solvent, 25 compounds were extracted from benzene and 146 compounds were obtained from alcohol. Rich bioactive and bioenergy components were found in all three kinds of extract, suggesting that Nerium indicum leaves are of great significance for the diverse resourcing of bio-utilization including biomedicine, bioenergy, aroma, food additives.

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Recultivation of the cavity of the closed open pit Bor

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas0801045l ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

Jasmina Lilic ◽

Miroslav Grujic ◽

Vesna Filipovic ◽

Miodrag Zikic ◽

Sasa Stojadinovic

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Open Pit ◽

Filling Process ◽

Copper Ore

Copper ore is one of the most important raw materials for industrial production. Increasing demands have been increasing its extraction generally. Shallow deposits with higher copper grade are mostly exhausted and the open pits become deeper, also the amount of overburden and the problems of its disposal are increased. In some cases large quantities of overburden can solve the problem of recultivation of degraded areas. This is the case of recultivation of degraded areas on the location of the closed open pit Bor. Here, the overburden from another open pit, Veliki Krivelj, is disposed into the cavity of the open pit Bor. In this way the overburden is disposed without further area degradation and the cavity is primarily, technically recultivated. When the filling process is finished, waste depot will have a flat top at the level K+450 [2], which is above the neighboring terrain, and the slopes height will vary. This problem was not especially considered up to date, so the experiences in this field are humble. This paper intends to be the basis for further research.

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SARS-COV-2 – THE LATEST GLOBAL THREAT AND THE PROSPECT OF COVID-19 THERAPY WITH THE USE OF CHITOSAN

Progress on Chemistry and application of Chitin and its Derivatives ◽

10.15259/pcacd.26.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 41-60

Author(s):

Katarzyna Pieklarz ◽

◽

Zofia Modrzejewska

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Antiviral Effect ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Targeted Treatments ◽

The World ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Global Threat ◽

A New Species

Epidemics of infectious diseases have always been a threat to humanity and have contributed to increased mortality in the affected areas. This also applies to a new species of coronavirus identified in 2019, SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite preventive measures implemented all over the world to minimise the spread of the pathogen as well as the development of vaccines, which have been approved for emergency use, the situation is still worrying. Moreover, the problem is exacerbated by the lack of targeted treatments for COVID-19 patients. One possible solution is the using preparations based on natural raw materials, including chitosan. This biopolymer is of great interest due to a number of unique biological properties, among which its antiviral effect is a key feature. Hence, this paper presents the application possibilities of chitosan-based solutions in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, with particular emphasis on COVID-19.

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BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIOPHAGE PHAGUM B.C. 11 UGSHA

Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy ◽

10.18286/1816-4501-2020-4-174-183 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174-183

Author(s):

K. V. Martynova ◽

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Secondary Growth ◽

Gc Content ◽

Bacillus Coagulans ◽

Passage Time ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Lytic Activity ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Technological Parameters

The article presents the results of research on the biological properties of the bacteriophage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA. Bioinformatic sequence data of Bacillus coagulans phage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA: length: 42609 bp, GC content: 37,1 %, molecular weight: 27 014 203,97 Da, the molarity of 1 μg/μl: 0.04 μm, the number of molecules in 1 g: 2.23 x 1010, And 260 of 1 μg/mql after 100-fold dilution: 0,259. Experimentally technological parameters of cultivation system phage/host were selected(0.2 ml of bacteriophage to 0.2 ml of the indicator culture B. coagulans), passage time-6 hours at the cultivation temperature- 35±20С. It is recommended to use Millipore membrane filters of 0.22 μm GV for cleaning Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA. It was determined that the lytic activity by Appelman was 10-9, by Grazia the indicator was4,0+0,1×1010 ((BFU / ml); Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA had strict specificity in relation to B. coagulans strains; morphology of plaque-forming units (rounded shape with a transparent center, zones of incomplete lysis, diameter 1-4 mm, secondary growth was not observed). It is empirically established that Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA did not lose its lytic activity after 3 months when stored at a temperature of 2-40С, and after 12 months the indicator decreased to 108. The studied biological properties of bacteriophage Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA isolated from fresh tomatoes with signs of spoiling, specific for 46 out of 50 bacterial strains of Bacillus coagulans, allow us to recommend Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA for the production of phage biopreparations used not only in the laboratory for the indication and identification of Bacillus coagulans bacteria specific to it, but also for decontamination of food raw materials and food products, prevention of food poisoning, since the data of our genetic and proteomic mapping allow us to conclude that the Phagum B. c. 11 UGSHA bacteriophage does not contain pathogenicity locuses and their homologues.

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FOOD FOREST RESOURCES OF THE FAR EASTERN REGION

BIOTECHNOLOGY: STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES ◽

10.37747/2312-640x-2020-18-405-407 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 405-407

Author(s):

N. Stepakova

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Federal District ◽

Forest Resources ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Medicinal Products ◽

Far Eastern

The paper presents an overview of food forest resources of the Far Eastern Federal District: wild berry raw materials, nut and fruit raw materials and medicinal products, the main directions of its application in industrial production. Volumes of food forest resources by species are shown.

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