scholarly journals Prevalence and Sociodemographic Determinants of Hypertension History among Women in Reproductive Age in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ghanaian Women ◽  
Global Health Problem

Background. Hypertension is a global health problem. Yet, studies on hypertension rarely focus on women in Ghana. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of hypertension history among Ghanaian women in reproductive age.Methods. This study used data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were carried out to ascertain the prevalence and determinants of hypertension history among the respondents.Results. The study found that the overall prevalence of hypertension history among the respondents was 7.5%; however, there were vast variations within most of the sociodemographic categories. Age, level of education, marital status, work status, and wealth status had a significant relationship with hypertension history among the respondents. Women in advanced age groups, highly educated, married, and widowed/divorced/separated, nonworking women, and women from wealthy households were at higher risk of having hypertension history.Conclusion. Myriads of sociodemographic factors determine the hypertension history of women in Ghana. It is therefore essential to target medical and psychosocial hypertension interventions at Ghanaian women in the higher risk groups.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancies amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cambodia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farwa Rizvi ◽  
Joanne Williams ◽  
Elizabeth Hoban
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences

Background: Unintended pregnancies in Cambodian youth are a major reproductive health concern with detrimental personal and socioeconomic consequences. A social ecological model was used to identify sociodemographic factors potentially associated with unintended pregnancies, and an analysis of data from the 2014 Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey was used to determine associations. Methods: Weighted data were analysed using multiple logistic regression analyses for 3406 Cambodian sexually active single, in union or married females aged 15–29 years. Results: The prevalence of unintended pregnancy was 12.3%. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with younger age groups (15–24 years), multiparity, history of abortion, and current use of modern contraceptive methods. All women had an increased likelihood of unintended pregnancy when the husband alone or someone else in the household made decisions about their access to healthcare. Conclusion: The burden of unintended pregnancies is associated with young age, multiparity, history of abortions, unemployment, and low autonomy for accessing healthcare. Multi-pronged, holistic reproductive and sexual health program interventions are needed to increase literacy and accessibility to modern contraception and to raise awareness about women’s health and status in Cambodia.

scholarly journals Risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among agrarian communities of Kogi State, Nigeria: Evaluated in the context of The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee recommendation 2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy T. Anunobi ◽  
Ikem C. Okoye ◽  
Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie ◽  
Yvonne E. Ndukwe ◽  
Onyekachi J. Okpasuo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Agrarian Communities ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

AbstractSoil-transmitted helminths (STH) have remained a major threat to human especially children in developing countries including Nigeria. Interventions have always been geared towards school-aged children, neglecting preschool-aged children and occupational risk adults. The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee (STHAC) recently suggested incorporating other at-risk groups. In the context of this recommendation, this study assessed the associated risk of STH infection among agrarian communities of Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of 310 individuals of all ages participated in the cross-sectional survey. Stool samples were analyzed using standard Kato-Katz method. A total of 106 (34.2%) individuals were infected with at least one STH. Hookworm was the most prevalent (18.1%); followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (16.8%). Worm intensity was generally light. Prevalence of infection was similar between four age groups considered (preschool, school, ‘women of reproductive age’ and older at-risk group). Poor socio-economic status (SES) was a major risk for STH infection. Using a 20-assets based criteria, 68 (23.1%) and 73 (24.7%) of 295 questionnaire respondents were classified into first (poorest) and fifth (richest) wealth quintiles respectively. Risk of infection with STH was 60% significantly lower in the richest wealth quintile compared to the poorest (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 0.4843, 95% CI = 0.2704 – 0.8678, p = 0.015). Open defecators were more likely to harbour STH than those who did not (PR = 1.7878, 95% CI = 1.2366 – 2.5846, p = 0.00201). Pit latrine and water closet toilet each approximately reduced STH infection by 50% (p < 0.05). Preventive chemotherapy for all age groups, health education and provision of basic amenities especially toilets are needed in order to achieve the goal toward the 2020 target of STH control.Author summarySoil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are major cause of morbidities globally, especially among children in developing countries such as Nigeria. Present World Health Organization recommended control strategy solely require preventive chemotherapy targeting preschool-aged children (PSAC) and school-aged children (SAC), and the recently included women of reproductive age (WRA). The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee (STHAC) which is saddled with responsibility of evaluating STHs status and providing appropriate recommendations proposed that preventive chemotherapy be extended to other at-risk groups. This study evaluates this and some other recommendations of STHAC 2016 using sections of a state in Nigeria where soil-transmitted helminthiasis is endemic.Findings from this study supports recommendations for extension of preventive chemotherapy to other at-risk groups apart from PSAC and SAC. It supports WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) as integral part of STH control. This finding emphasizes the need for health education and change in attitude which could promote tenets of WASH. And very importantly, the study emphasizes the role of poverty in the persistence of STH transmission. It is the belief of the authors that there is the need for improved socio-economic status for sustainable gains of control efforts.

scholarly journals Incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of COVID-19 in Canada: impact of sex and age

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob O’Brien ◽  
Kevin Y. Du ◽  
Chun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Lower Incidence Rate ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMale sex and older age have been reported to be associated with worse outcomes from COVID-19. It was postulated that estrogens may play a role in reducing the severity of the disease and may therefore offer a treatment option for COVID-19 patients. However, more female cases and deaths from COVID-19 have been recorded in Canada. To determine the potential role of estrogens, we analyzed COVID-19 data from Canada, focusing on the impact of sex and age. Although the overall incidence rate is higher in females than in males, when several high risk groups, including health care workers and long-term care residences, which are predominantly females, were excluded, we found that females had a lower incidence rate than males between the ages of 20s to 70s. Interestingly, this sex-based difference is more evident in females of the reproductive ages (20–49) than in postmenopausal patients (60s or older). Males have significantly higher hospitalization, ICU admission, and case fatality rates; however, a greater difference was observed in the older age groups. Finally, symptom manifestation varied between sexes. Some of the symptoms, which were more frequently observed in patients who recovered than patients who died, were more commonly observed in females of the reproductive age compared to their male counterparts. Since only females of the reproductive age have much higher circulating estrogens than males, these findings suggest that estrogens may play a role in reducing COVID-19 incidence and in the development of symptoms, especially those related to better survival.

Thinness, overweight, and obesity among 6- to 17-year-old Malaysians: Secular trends and sociodemographic determinants from 2006-2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Maria S. Mohamad ◽  
Balkish Mahadir Naidu ◽  
Riittakerttu Kaltiala ◽  
Suvi M. Virtanen ◽  
Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants

Abstract Objective: To examine secular trends and sociodemographic determinants of thinness, overweight, and obesity among Malaysian children and adolescents in 2006-2015. Design: We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Morbidity Surveys 2006, 2011, and 2015. Individuals were classified into pre- (6-9 years), early (10-13 years) and mid (14-17 years) adolescence. BMI status was determined according to the IOTF and WHO criteria, using measured height and weight. We analysed trends using log-binomial regression, by sex-age groups, stratified by sociodemographic factors (ethnicity, residential area, household size, household income), and accounting for the complex survey design. Associations between sociodemographic factors and prevalence of thinness and overweight (obesity included) in 2015 were assessed using log-Poisson regression. Setting: Nationwide population-based surveys, Malaysia. Participants: Eligible 6-17-year-olds from urban and rural residential areas (N=28,094). Results: The prevalence of thinness decreased from 2006 to 2015 (IOTF: boys from 22% to 18%, girls from 23% to 19%; WHO: boys from 9% to 7%, girls from 8% to 6%), while the prevalence of overweight increased (IOTF: boys from 20% to 26%, girls from 19% to 24%; WHO: boys from 25% to 31%, girls from 22% to 27%). These changes were statistically significant in most sex-age groups. Thinness and overweight co-existed in all sociodemographic subgroups, with variation in the prevalence estimates, but similar secular changes in most subgroups. Conclusions: Malaysia is facing a double burden of malnutrition at population level with a secular increase in overweight and obesity and a gradual decrease in thinness among 6-17-year-olds from varying sociodemographic backgrounds.

HIV/AIDS Awareness and Knowledge Among Ghanaian Women of Reproductive Age: What Are the Correlates?

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Nketiah-Amponsah ◽  
Emmanuel A Codjoe ◽  
Samuel Ampaw
Keyword(s):  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Aids Awareness ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Ghanaian Women ◽  
Hiv Aids

This paper explores the predictors of HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge among older and younger Ghanaian women of reproductive age. Logistic regression was estimated using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data. Results indicate that older Ghanaian women are significantly different from their younger counterparts in terms of the selected socio-economic and demographic characteristics that influence awareness and knowledge of the epidemic. In all, the respondents’ age, region of residence, wealth status, education, marital status and religious affiliation were found to significantly predict knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS among women. In addition, pregnancy status and place of residence proved to be significant correlates of HIV/AIDS awareness among Ghanaian women. The study suggests that higher social status is critical in determining whether women of reproductive age are aware of and knowledgeable about the epidemic. Thus, there is the need for policies and interventions to target messages taking into account the varied socio-economic and demographic backgrounds of women in Ghana. Further, health education interventions should be sensitive to the changing technological landscape in order to develop messages that can be delivered via mobile phones, whether as reminders or ringtones, and therefore enhance health knowledge and promote behaviour that brings about desirable health outcomes.

scholarly journals Hanging: A Ten-Year Retrospective Review of Malaysian Forensic Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Naziri SZ ◽  
Abu Bakar SN ◽  
Alias A ◽  
Ibrahim A ◽  
Mohamed Swarhib DMJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Introduction: Hanging is one of the most common methods of suicide in Malaysia, and to date, there is a rise in the number of deaths by hanging among adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of hanging in Malaysia from the year 2000 till 2009. Methods: The sample comprised 108 cases received at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, and five parameters, namely, age, sex, racial affiliation, marital status, and medical history were studied. Results: Of the 108 cases, 56% was reported to be Chinese. Suicide by hanging was more predominant in males (81%), and a high number of cases were seen in age groups of 21 to 30, 31 to 40 and 41 to 50 years. Of the cases studied, half of them were married, and previous history of physical and mental illness and alcohol intoxication were reported. Conclusions: In brief, this data would help the higher authorities in detecting the causes of suicide by hanging, as well as detecting the high risk groups with suicidal tendencies. In this way, suicide can be prevented and thus, the rate of suicide by hanging could be reduced in Malaysian.

scholarly journals Incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of COVID-19 in Canada: Impact of sex and age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob O’Brien ◽  
Kevin Y. Du ◽  
Chun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Lower Incidence Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Male sex and older age have been reported to be associated with worse outcomes from COVID-19. It was postulated that estrogens may play a role in reducing the severity of the disease and may therefore offer a treatment option for COVID-19 patients. However, more female cases and deaths from COVID-19 have been recorded in Canada. To determine the impact of sex and the potential role of estrogens, we analyzed COVID-19 data, focusing on the impact of sex and age. Although the overall incidence rate is higher in females than in males, when several high risk groups, including health care workers and long-term care residences, which are predominantly females, were excluded, we found that females had a lower incidence rate than males between the ages of 20s to 70s. Interestingly, this sex-based difference is more evident in females of the reproductive ages (20-49) than in postmenopausal patients (60s or older). Males have significantly higher hospitalization, ICU admission, and case fatality rates; however, a greater difference was observed in the older age groups. Finally, symptom manifestation varied between sexes. Some of the symptoms, which were more frequently observed in patients who recovered than patients who died, were more commonly observed in females of the reproductive age compared to their male counterparts. Since only females of the reproductive age have much higher circulating estrogens than males, these findings suggest that estrogens may play a role in reducing COVID-19 incidence and in the development of symptoms, especially those related to better survival.

Evaluation of concomitant gynecological pathology in group of patients of reproductive age with tumors and tumor formations

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
N. V. Spiridonova ◽  
A. A. Demura ◽  
V. Yu. Schukin
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment

According to modern literature, the frequency of preoperative diagnostic errors for tumour-like formations is 30.9–45.6%, for malignant ovarian tumors is 25.0–51.0%. The complexity of this situation is asymptomatic tumor in the ovaries and failure to identify a neoplastic process, which is especially important for young women, as well as ease the transition of tumors from one category to another (evolution of the tumor) and the source of the aggressive behavior of the tumor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the history of concomitant gynecological pathology in a group of patients of reproductive age with ovarian tumors and tumoroid formations, as a predisposing factor for the development of neoplastic process in the ovaries. In our work, we collected and processed complaints and data of obstetric and gynecological anamnesis of 168 patients of reproductive age (18–40 years), operated on the basis of the Department of oncogynecology for tumors and ovarian tumours in the Samara Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary from 2012 to 2015. We can conclude that since the prognosis of neoplastic process in the ovaries is generally good with timely detection and this disease occurs mainly in women of reproductive age, doctors need to know that when assessing the parity and the presence of gynecological pathology at the moment or in anamnesis, it is not possible to identify alarming risk factors for the development of cancer in the ovaries.

Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with adenomyosis, accompanied by pelvic pain syndrome

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
M R Orazov ◽  
V E Radzinsky ◽  
M B Khamoshina ◽  
A O Dukhin ◽  
L R Toktar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pelvic Pain Syndrome ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of

Pelvic pain syndrome associated with adenomyosis is a common disease in women of reproductive age. Frequency of detection in the population varies from 10 to 53%. The aim - to study the clinical and anamnestic risk factors of pelvic pain, with adenomiose. Materials and methods. The study included 120 (n=120) patients with diffuse adenomyosis with pain and painless form of the disease who underwent examination and treatment in the gynecological Department of the Central clinical hospital №6 of Russian Railways in Moscow. Each patient was provided with an individual card, which was encrypted 171 sign. The studied parameters reflected the passport and anthropometric data, information about education, social status, presence of occupational hazards, complaints, illness. Results. Burdened gynecological and somatic histories, manifested a low health index, a more pronounced hereditary a family history of neoplastic diseases are contributing factors, and high prevalence of postponed surgeries, chronic, long-term ongoing inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs to create a favorable background for the further progression of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in adenomiose.

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