scholarly journals Background Radiance Estimation for Gas Plume Quantification for Airborne Hyperspectral Thermal Imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Idoughi ◽  
Thomas H. G. Vidal ◽  
Pierre-Yves Foucher ◽  
Marc-André Gagnon ◽  
Xavier Briottet
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Radiance Estimation

Hyperspectral imaging in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) is a mean that is proving its worth in the characterization of gaseous effluent. Indeed the spectral and spatial resolution of acquisition instruments is steadily decreasing, making the gases characterization increasingly easy in the LWIR domain. The majority of literature algorithms exploit the plume contribution to the radiance corresponding to the difference of radiance between the plume-present and plume-absent pixels. Nevertheless, the off-plume radiance is unobservable using a single image. In this paper, we propose a new method to retrieve trace gas concentration from airborne infrared hyperspectral data. More particularly the outlined method improves the existing background radiance estimation approach to deal with heterogeneous scenes corresponding to industrial scenes. It consists in performing a classification of the scene and then applying a principal components analysis based method to estimate the background radiance on each cluster stemming from the classification. In order to determine the contribution of the classification to the background radiance estimation, we compared the two approaches on synthetic data and Telops Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Imaging Hyper-Cam LW airborne acquisition above ethylene release. We finally show ethylene retrieved concentration map and estimate flow rate of the ethylene release.

scholarly journals Towards a Validation Methodology for Macroeconomic Agent-Based Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Tieleman
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Model Classification ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come

AbstractAgent-based models provide a promising new tool in macroeconomic research. Questions have been raised, however, regarding the validity of such models. A methodology of macroeconomic agent-based model (MABM) validation, that provides a deeper understanding of validation practices, is required. This paper takes steps towards such a methodology by connecting three elements. First, is a foundation of model validation in general. Second is a classification of models dependent on how the model is validated. An important distinction in this classification is the difference between mechanism and target validation. Third, is a framework that revolves around the relationship between the structure of models of complex systems with emergent properties and validation in practice. Important in this framework is to consider MABMs as modelling multiple non-trivial levels. Connecting these three elements provides us with a methodology of the validation of MABMs and allows us to come to the following conclusions regarding MABM validation. First, in MABMs, mechanisms at a lower level are distinct from, but provide input to higher levels of mechanisms. Since mechanisms at different levels are validated in different ways we can come to a specific characterization of MABMs within the model classification framework. Second, because the mechanisms of MABMs are validated in a direct way at the level of the agent, MABMs can be seen as a move towards a more realist approach to modelling compared to DSGE.

scholarly journals Chemometric Analyses for the Characterization of Raw and Stir-Frying Processed Drynariae Rhizoma Based on HPLC Fingerprints

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jing Hu ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
Beibei Qin ◽  
Lizhi Wang ◽  
Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Chinese Medicine Theory

The processing of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a necessary practice and usually occurs before most herbs are prescribed. According to Chinese medicine theory, raw (RDR) and stir-frying processed (PDR) Drynariae Rhizoma have different clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to establish HPLC fingerprints coupled with chemometric methods to evaluate the differences between RDR and PDR. Multivariate chemometric methods were applied to analyze the obtained HPLC fingerprints, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principle components analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results indicated that RDR and PDR samples showed a clear classification of the two groups, and seven chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out. The findings suggested that 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) with a variable importance in the project (VIP > 1) can be used to differentiate between RDR and PDR. Moreover, 5-HMF, naringin, and neoeriocitrin were determined to evaluate their contents in RDR and PDR. The chemometrics combined with the quantitative analysis based on HPLC fingerprint results indicated that stir-frying processing may change the contents and types of components in Drynariae Rhizoma. These changes are probably responsible for the various pharmacological effects of RDR and PDR.

scholarly journals Field Spectroscopy Applied to the Kaolinite Polytypes Identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Andrea García-Vicente ◽  
Adrián Lorenzo ◽  
Juan Morales ◽  
Emilia García-Romero ◽  
Mercedes Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Good Agreement

A detailed characterization of a group of kaolin samples rich in some minerals of the kaolinite group was done. The mineralogical and structural characterization was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) together with the study of the spectroscopy response in visible-near infrared and short wave (VNIR–SWIR), and the main objective was the determination of kaolinite polytypes. The XRD patterns group the samples according to the kaolinite polytype into five kaolinites, two dickites and six halloysites. Diagnostic peaks for kaolinite, dickite polytypes and halloysite were identified in the spectra and in the second derivative of the SWIR region. The position and intensity of the peaks in the second derivative were statistically treated with the aim of classifying the spectra according to the polytype. In good agreement with the XRD results, the statistical analysis of the spectroscopic data, both by cluster analysis and by principal components analysis, allows an unequivocal classification of the samples according to the polytype from their VNIR–SWIR spectra.

Automatic tumor tissue classification of oncological esophageal resectates based on hyperspectral data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Maktabi ◽  
H Köhler ◽  
R Thieme ◽  
JP Takoh ◽  
SM Rabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Tissue Classification

Analisis Karakterisasi Teknologi Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Dan Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Fawzan Galib Abdul Karim Bawahab ◽  
Elvan Yuniarti ◽  
Edi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Frequency Hopping ◽  
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum ◽  
Direct Sequence ◽  
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
The Difference

Abstrak. Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan analisa karakterisasi pada teknologi Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum dan Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, sebagai salah satu teknik multiple-access pada sistem komunikasi. Karakterisasi dilakukan untuk mencari bagaimana cara meningkatkan keoptimalan kedua sistem tersebut, dalam mengatasi masalah interferensi dengan sistem dan channel yang sama. Dan juga untuk menentukan veriabel apa yang mempengaruhi keoptimalan kedua sistem tersebut. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan menentukan variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi keoptimalan keduanya. Hasil dari karakterisasi, diketahui variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi kemampuan sistem DSSS yaitu nilai frekuensi spreading (). Sedangkan untuk sistem FHSS yaitu nilai frekuensi spreading ( dan ) dan selisih antara frekuensi hopping data dengan frekuensi hopping interferensi . Kata Kunci: BER, DSSS, FHSS, Interference, Spread spectrum. Abstract. In this study, characterization of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum technologies have been done, as one of the multiple-access techniques in communication systems. Characterization is done to find out how to improve the ability of the two systems, in solving interference problems with the same system and channel. And also to determine what veriabel affects the ability of the two systems. Characterization is done by determining the variables that affect the ability of both. The results of the characterization, known variables that affect the ability of the DSSS system are the spreading frequency value (). As for the FHSS system, the spreading frequency value ( and ) and the difference between frequency hopping data with frequency hopping interference .

Depression, pain, and site:

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Molina Omar Franklin ◽  
Tavares Gimenes Pablo ◽  
Aquilino Raphael ◽  
Rank Rise ◽  
Coelho Santos Zeila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Internal Joint ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Biomechanical Tests

Objective: To assess the level of depression, severity of pain and pain in single/multiple sites in patients with different severity of bruxing behavior and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). Methods: We evaluated 131 patients with bruxism and TMDs: 20 patients with mild bruxism, 42 patients with moderate bruxism, 45 patients with severe bruxism and 24 patients with extreme bruxism. We used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), clinical examination, a questionnaire of clinical epidemiological data, criteria for TMDs and bruxism, palpation of muscles and joints, the Visual Analogue Scale for pain, classification of the occlusion and biomechanical tests to assess for internal joint derangements. Results: The level of depression increased from the mild, to the moderate, severe and extreme bruxing behavior groups, but the difference was significant only from the mild to the extreme group (p<0.001). Pain levels increased from the mild and moderate to the severe and extreme subgroups, but were not statistically significant. Mean number of pain sites increased from the mild, to the moderate, severe and extreme subgroup and the difference was extremely significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Levels of depression, severity of pain and pain sites increased with severity of bruxing behavior. A higher number of pain sites with more severe bruxism indicates somatization in bruxers, but a further study using the same protocol and a psychological test for somatization would be indicated to further substantiate these findings.

Method of determination of the text direction on the image with the use of convolutional neural network

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
P.L. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Classification Of Images

This article deals with method of binary classification of images with small text on them Classification is based on the fact that the text can have 2 directions – it can be positioned horizontally and read from left to right or it can be turned 180 degrees so the image must be rotated to read the sign. This type of text can be found on the covers of a variety of books, so in case of recognizing the covers, it is necessary first to determine the direction of the text before we will directly recognize it. The article suggests the development of a deep neural network for determination of the text position in the context of book covers recognizing. The results of training and testing of a convolutional neural network on synthetic data as well as the examples of the network functioning on the real data are presented.

Characterization of the surface of hydrodesulphurization catalysts by adsorption of hydrocarbons

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420
Author(s):  
Eva Hillerová ◽  
Miroslav Zdražil
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Alumina Surface ◽  
Reversible Adsorption ◽  
The Difference

Reversible adsorption of heptane and benzene on model and industrial hydrodesulphurization molybdena catalysts has been studied by elution chromatographic method at 150 °C. An increase in the adsorption of heptane on sulphidation of adsorbents was small for Al2O3 and great for MoO3. Supported catalysts behaved as mixture of Al2O3 and MoO3.The portion of surface which can be transformed by sulphidation into MoS2 ranged from 0 to 65% for individual commercial catalysts, as determined from the change in heptane adsorption after sulphidation of a given sample. The polarity of catalysts, including their acidity, was estimated from the difference between adsorption of benzene and heptane. The polarity of model and industrial catalysts in oxidic form was similar to that of alumina in most cases. The decrease in the polarity after sulphidation of the adsorbents was small for Al2O3 and great for MoO3. The decrease in polarity resulting from sulphidation of supported catalysts was relatively small, since the reaction of MoO3 monolayer with hydrogen sulphide leads to partial reformation of the alumina surface. The acidity of supported sulphided hydrodesulphurization catalysts has been shown by this method to be comparable with the acidity of the support itself.

Synthesis and characterization of a series of 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines and a series of ethyl 4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1294-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Renée Little ◽  
Keith Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Linear Free Energy Relationship ◽  
Piperazine Ring ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
In Series ◽  
Methylene Groups ◽  
Diazonium Coupling ◽  
The Difference

1-Methylpiperazine was coupled with a series of diazonium salts to afford the 1-methyl-4-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]piperazines (2), a new series of triazenes, which have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Assignment of the chemical shifts to specific protons and carbons in the piperazine ring was facilitated by comparison with the chemical shifts in the model compounds piperazine and 1-methylpiperazine and by a HETCOR experiment with the p-tolyl derivative (2i). A DEPT experiment with 1-methylpiperazine (6) was necessary to distinguish the methyl and methylene groups in 6, and a HETCOR spectrum of 6 enabled the correlation of proton and carbon chemical shifts. Line broadening of the signals from the ring methylene protons is attributed to restricted rotation around the N2-N3 bond of the triazene moiety in 2. The second series of triazenes, the ethyl 4-[2-phenyl-1-diazenyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylates (3), have been prepared by similar diazonium coupling to ethyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate and were similarly characterized. The chemical shifts of the piperazine ring protons are much closer together in series 3 than in series 2, resulting in distortion of the multiplets for these methylenes. It was noticed that the difference between these chemical shifts in 3 exhibited a linear free energy relationship with the Hammett substituent constants for the substituents in the aryl ring. Key words: triazene, piperazine, diazonium coupling, NMR, HETCOR, linear free energy relationship.

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