scholarly journals Hematological and Biochemistry Profile and Risk Factors Associated with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Guyana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajini Kurup ◽  
Keon Flemming ◽  
Sudish Daniram ◽  
Shenika Marks-James ◽  
Roberta Roberts Martin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Chest Clinic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Rr Relative Risk ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective.To evaluate the hematological and biochemistry profile of patients with or without HIV-TB at the Georgetown Chest Clinic, Guyana.Methods.An observational, laboratory based study was designed to assess the relationship of PTB and HIV with patients routine biochemical and hematological values. The study was conducted during the period January 2013 to December 2014; a total sample size of 316 patients was enrolled following exclusion and inclusion criteria.Results.Mean age of study population was 40.1 ± 13.8 (95% CI 38.6–41.7) and most were between 40 and 49 age group (27.8%, 95% CI 23.2–33.0). More males were in the study 74.4% (95% CI 69.3–78.8) than females 81% (95% CI 21.1–30.7). 30% (95% CI 25.3–35.3) had a sputum smear grade of 3+ and 62.5% (95% CI 47.0–75.7) showed a CD4count <200. The study demonstrated significantly low hemoglobin (Hb) 91.7% (95% CI 78.2–97.1), low WBC 27.8% (95% CI 15.8–44.0), high indirect bilirubin 7.4% (95% CI 2.1–23.3), ALT 41.8% (95% CI 28.4–56.7), and AST 72.2% (95% CI 57.3–83.3) among TB-HIV patients. Homelessness RR (relative risk) 2.2 (95% CI 0.48–12.3), smoking RR 1.09 (95% CI 1.01–1.19), and gender (male) RR 1.2 (95% CI 0.61–2.26) were main associated risk factors.Conclusions.There is slight variation among PTB and PTB-HIV coinfected patients in some hematological and biochemistry parameters.

scholarly journals The Association of Hepatitis C Serological Status with Several Risk Factors in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Noer Endah Pracoyo ◽  
Made Ayu Lely Suratri ◽  
Roselinda Roselinda ◽  
Vivi Setiawaty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Group ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Household Members ◽  
One Year ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver commonly caused by viral infection such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E but it is also possible by other causes. Infection with hepatitis C virus is also referred to as a disguise because the early infection is often asymptomatic that often goes undetected. This study aims at determining the several associated risk factors with hepatitis C serological status. The study design is cross-sectional. The biomedical data collection was carried out in 33 provinces in Indonesia with a population in urban blocks, census in Indonesia, where the sample is all household members over the age of one year from selected households by signing the informed consent. Total block census in selected urban area is about 971-block census with a total sample of 15.536 households. The results showed that there is a correlation between hepatitis C serological status and demographic group and that the age and occupation groups showed significant P value obtained at 0.001 (OR = 3.27, CI = 1.84–5.81) and 0.209 (OR = 0.23, CI = 0.59–0.94). In conclusion, there are risk factors such as age and occupation that have a correlation of being infected with hepatitis C serological status.

Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S362-S362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F Cherif ◽  
I. Feki ◽  
R. Sellami ◽  
D. Trigui ◽  
I. Baâti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Almost All

IntroductionChildbirth represents for women a time of vulnerability to postpartum mood disorders. These disorders range in severity from the early maternal blues to postpartum psychosis. Along this spectrum is postpartum depression (PPD) that may have many risk factors.ObjectivesThe study aims to examine the prevalence of PPD and associated risk factors among a sample of Tunisian women receiving cares in the hospital of Sfax.MethodsThis is a descriptive cross-sectional study regarding 150 parturients examined during the first and the sixth week post-delivery. The EPDS (Edinburgh postnatal depression scale) was used to assess PPD.ResultsThe total sample had a mean age of 29.61 years. During the sixth week study period, 126 of 150 were examined. Almost all of the women have a low school level (82.7%). Only 9.3% had a personal psychiatric history. Multiparity was found in 43.3% of cases. The current pregnancy was undesired in 15.3% of cases. Sympathetic signs of pregnancy were reported by 64.7% of women. The prevalence of PPD in the first week was 14.7% and 19.8% in the sixth week after delivery. The PPD was associated with the maternal age (> 35 years), the low school level, the existence of mood personal background, the parity, the difficulty to accept the pregnancy and sympathetic signs of pregnancy.ConclusionPostpartum depression is common on our sample. Identifying risk factors of PPD allows clinicians to detect subgroups of women with an increased vulnerability who might receive early psychiatric care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Risk factors Title of your

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Zhian S. Ramzi ◽  
Mahfoodh A. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Microalbuminuria is the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, end stage renal diseases, and death among diabetic patients. The study carried out                                                                                       to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a sample of Sulaimani diabetics and to determine its relation to different associated risk factors. The first part of study was a cross-sectional study conducted through examination of records of diabetic patients registered in Sulaimani Diabetic Center from June 2010 to May 2012. The second part was a case- control study that conducted in the same center, including 50 cases of diabetics with positive microalbuminuria, and 50 controls with negative one, that were registered in the same center and matched by age and gender. A specially designed questionnaire was used by researcher to collect information from the records. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Males accounts for half of cases and controls, highest proportion of sample was found among age group (60-69) years about 34%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29%. The study showed a statistical significant association of microalbuminuria with obesity, smoking, hypertension, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia.  In conclusion moderate prevalence of microalbuminuria was found among diabetic patients, the prevalence was more common in poor glycemic control, and hypertensive diabetics. There was significant relation between microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy.

Suicidal tendencies prevalence and its associated risk factors among Nigerian university students:A Quantitative survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

BACKGROUND Stemming from the recent increase reported rate of suicide among undergraduate students in Nigeria,has created a concern to the society OBJECTIVE this study aims to investigate some risk factors associated with suicidal tendencies among undergraduate students in Nigeria using a quantitative survey research approach METHODS A multistage sampling method was used to select 2123 sampled undergraduate students in Southwest Nigeria. A self-developed questionnaire consist of indices of suicidal tendencies was used to collect data. While, Logistic regression was employed as statistical tools. RESULTS Findings suggests that 151 (7.5%) of the respondents had suicidal tendencies with risk factors like alcoholism (OR = 1.02, {1.01–1.04}) and helplessness (OR = 1.04; {1.01–1.06}) reported strong and significant association (p < 0.05). While depression (OR = .985, {.960–1.01}), hopelessness (OR = .999, {.971–1.01}), self-worry (OR = 1.00, {.988–1.02}), self-doubt (OR = 1.00, {.983–1.03}), inefficacy (OR = .991, {.966–1.02}), age (OR = 1.00, {.043–2.325}) and gender (OR = 1.04, {.724–1.50}) showed weak and non-significant association with suicidal tendencies (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study concludes there is slight prevalence of suicidal tendencies among undergraduate students, however, there is a need to introduce suicidal prevention education into university curriculum as a way to contain the prevalence of suicide among adolescents and youths. Further, studies should focus on the development of psychosocial interventions that can be used by counselling psychologist, public health and social health workers for individuals identified with suicidal tendencies, while regular suicide awareness and prevention programms are urgently suggested in the interim.

scholarly journals Prevalence and lameness-associated risk factors in Alberta feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Davis-Unger ◽  
Karen S G Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
Ed A Pajor ◽  
Steve Hendrick ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractLameness in cattle is a health and welfare concern; however, limited information is available on risk factors and the relationship between lameness and common diseases like bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: 1) identify prevalence of lameness in feedlot cattle and related risk factors of cattle diagnosed as lame; and 2) determine associations between BRD occurrence and lameness. Feedlot cattle health records were available from 28 feedlots for 10 yr. The data set consisted of 663,838 cattle records, with 13.9% (92,156) diagnosed with a disease, including 32.3%, 46.0%, and 22.0% with lameness, BRD, and other diagnoses, respectively. Lameness was classified into four categories: foot rot (FR), joint infections (JI), lame with no visible swelling (LNVS), and injuries (INJ), with a prevalence of 74.5%, 16.1%, 6.1%, and 3.1%, respectively. Lameness was compared across cattle types (arrival date and weight) as well as age classification (calf vs. yearling), gender (steer vs. heifer), and season of placement in the feedlot (spring, summer, fall, and winter). Within the disease-diagnosed population, lameness represented 28.5% of treated fall-placed calves, 38.5% of winter-placed calves, and 40.8% of treated yearlings. Foot rot was the most common diagnosis with 74.5% of all lameness diagnoses, with winter- and fall-placed calves more likely to be diagnosed with FR compared to yearlings (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10–1.30 and OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.38–1.55, respectively). Joint infections were the second most common diagnosis (16.1%). Compared to yearlings, fall-placed calves had a higher odds (OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 3.12–4.24) for JI. Injuries and LNVS were the least common but again fall-placed calves had higher odds of this diagnosis compared to yearlings (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.70–2.99 and OR: 9.10, 95% CI: 6.26–13.2, respectively). Gender was significantly different for JI as steers were less likely affected compared to heifers (OR: 0.687, 95% CI: 0.545–0.867), and more likely affected by LNVS (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.57–3.84). Of all lameness-associated deaths, JI accounted for almost 50%. Finally, cattle diagnosed with BRD were subsequently more likely to be diagnosed with INJ, JI, or LNVS (P &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). In conclusion, animal type and gender were associated with type of lameness diagnoses, allowing feedlots to allocate resources to groups at highest risk and focus on early intervention strategies.

scholarly journals High hepatitis C virus seropositivity, viremia, and associated risk factors among trans women living in San Francisco, California

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249219
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Hernandez ◽  
Dillon Trujillo ◽  
Sofia Sicro ◽  
Joaquin Meza ◽  
Mackie Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Trans women have been understudied in the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic, yet data suggest they may be at elevated risk of the disease. Using data collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) survey, we measured HCV seropositivity, viremia, and associated risk factors for HCV infection among trans women in San Francisco from June 2019 to February 2020. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to obtain a diverse, community-based sample of 201 trans women, of whom 48 (23.9%, 95% CI 17.9% - 30.0%) were HCV seropositive. HCV seropositivity significantly increased with increasing age (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] 1.04 per year, 95% CI 1.01–1.07) and history of injection drug use (APR 4.44, 95% CI 2.15–9.18). We also found that many had HCV viremia as twelve (6.0% of the total sample, 95% CI 2.7% - 9.3%) were RNA-positive for HCV. Trans women are highly impacted by HCV and could benefit from access to regular and frequent HCV screening and treatment access. HCV screening could be offered regularly in trans-specific health services, in the community, in jails and prisons, and integrated syringe exchange programs where treatment access or referral are also available.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF POTENTIALLY PRESCRIBING OMISSIONS IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PATIENTS: CLINICAL PRACTICE IN RUSSIAN HOSPITALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
А. М. Аль-Раджави ◽  
С. К. Зырянов ◽  
Е. А. Ушкалова ◽  
О. И. Бутранова ◽  
А. П. Переверзев
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Pharmacoepidemiological Study ◽  
Prescribing Omissions ◽  
Cardiovascular Medications ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Ретроспективное фармакоэпидемиологическое исследование включало данные медицинской документации 401 пациента 65 лет и старше, проходившего стационарное лечение, и имело целью определить распространенность потенциально упущенных назначений лекарственных средств (ПУНЛС) с использованием критериев START-2 (2015 г.) и выявить ассоциированные факторы риска. Статистический анализ включал методы параметрической и непараметрической статистики, многофакторный анализ. Сравнивали пациентов с упущенными назначениями лекарственных средств и без таковых. Обнаружено, что для пациентов с ПУНЛС были более характерны гипертензия, сахарный диабет, большее число сопутствующих заболеваний, большее число лекарственных назначений. Значимых возрастных и гендерных отличий в указанных группах не было обнаружено. Полипрагмазию наблюдали у 36,7 % пациентов. Использование критериев START-2 позволило выявить 633 эпизода ПУНЛС (67,3 % пациентов). 94,7 % ПУНЛС были связаны с недостаточным использованием статинов, аспирина, β-блокаторов и ингибиторов ангиотензин-превращающего фермента. Многомерный регрессионный анализ обнаружил выраженную ассоциацию между распространенностью ПУНЛС и числом назначенных лекарственных средств, коморбидностью, в особенности ИБС и гипертензией. Сердечнососудистые лекарственные средства были наиболее типичными при ПУНЛС. A retrospective pharmacoepidemiological study (included data from medical records of 401 patients ≥65 years of age who received treatment in hospitals) was aimed to measure prevalence of potentially prescribing omissions (PPOs) among older people using Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment 2 (START-2) criteria (2015) and to investigate associated risk factors. Statistical analysis includes methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics. We compared patients who had PPOs with those had not PPOs. It was found that hypertension, diabetes mellitus and high levels of concomitant diseases were more characteristic for people with PPOs, and they received more medications. There were no signifi cantly differences in terms of age and gender. Polypharmacy was observed in 36,7% of patients. Using the START-2 criteria, 633 episodes of PPOs were indicated (67,3% of patients). 94,7% PPOs were mainly associated with under-use of statins, aspirin, b-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Multivariate analyses revealed strong association of PPOs prevalence with the number of prescribed medications and comorbidities, especially, ischaemic heart disease and hypertension. Cardiovascular medications were the most common among PPOs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antenatal Depression and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Abeokuta North Local Government Area, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Okechukwu Thompson ◽  
IkeOluwapo Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective. The prevalence of antenatal depression (AD) and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Abeokuta North Local Government Area, Nigeria, was determined.Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted, interviewing 314 pregnant women selected by multistage sampling technique from among those attending antenatal clinics. Information was collected using structured questionnaire and a screening tool, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), to assess probable depression.Results. The prevalence of antenatal depression was 24.5%. There were significant associations between antenatal depression and attending public health facility (P=0.000), young maternal age (P=0.012), single marital status (P=0.010), not having formal education (P=0.022), large family size (P=0.029), planned pregnancy (P=0.014), coexisting medical conditions (P=0.034), history of previous caesarian section (P=0.032), drinking alcohol during pregnancy (P=0.004), and gender based abuse (P=0.001). On health seeking behaviour for antenatal depression among depressed pregnant women, most, 68.9%, consulted their husbands about their symptoms; 57.3% took the decision to get treatment from doctors, and 52% sought prayer in the church.Conclusion. Antenatal depression is prevalent in this study population. Interventions to address its risk factors should be carried out and physicians should suspect depression in pregnant women reporting alcohol use and gender abuse.

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