scholarly journals Retinal Microvasculopathy Is Common in HIV/AIDS Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kwasi Abu ◽  
Samuel Abokyi ◽  
Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah ◽  
Richard Kobina Dadzie Ephraim ◽  
Daniel Afedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Disorders

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ocular disorders in HIV positive patients attending the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Methods. A cross-sectional study using systematic random sampling was conducted on 295 HIV positive patients. Data collection consisted of semistructured questionnaires, laboratory investigation, medical profile, and ophthalmic examination. Statistical association tests including χ2, independent t-test, and ANOVA were done. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Of the 295 participants, 205 (69.5%) were on antiretroviral therapy while 90 (30.3%) were not on therapy. Majority of the participants (162, 54.9%) were in clinical stage two, followed by stages three (68, 23.1%), one (62, 21%), and four (3, 1%), respectively. The overall prevalence of ocular disorders was 5.8%. The most common HIV related ocular disorder was HIV retinal microvasculopathy (58.8%), followed by herpes zoster ophthalmicus and Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis, both representing 11.8% of ocular disorders seen. Cytomegalovirus retinitis, Bell’s palsy, and optic neuritis were the least common (5.9%). CMV retinitis recorded the highest viral load of 1,474,676 copies/mL and mean CD4 count of 136 cells/mm3. The mean CD4 count for participants with HIV related ocular disorders was significantly lower compared to participants without disorders (t=2.5, p=0.012). Participants with ocular disorders also recorded significantly higher mean viral loads than those who did not have ocular disorders (t=2.8, p=0.006). Conclusion. Lower CD4 counts and high viral load copies were associated with the manifestation of HIV related ocular disorders.

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury among medical and surgical in-patients in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana: a prospective cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 795-805
Author(s):  
Richard KD Ephraim ◽  
Yaw A Awuku ◽  
Ignatious Tetteh-Ameh ◽  
Charles Baffe ◽  
Godsway Aglagoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Ward

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome associated with high morbidity, mortality and high hospital costs. Despite its adverse clinical and economic effects, only a few studies have reported reliable estimates on the incidence of AKI in sub-Sahara Africa. We assessed the incidence and associated factors of AKI among medical and surgical patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among one hundred and forty-five (145) consecutive patients admitted to the medical and the surgical wards at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH), Cape Coast, Ghana from April 2017 to April 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical information were collected using structured questionnaires. AKI was diagnosed and staged with the KDIGO guideline, using admission serum creatinine as baseline kidney function. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 46.6±17.7 years, whilst the male:female ratio was 68:77. The overall incidence of AKI among the participants was 15.9% (95% CI: 10.33 – 22.84%). Stage 1 AKI occurred in 56.5% of the par- ticipants, whilst stages 2 and 3 AKI respectively occurred among 4.1% and 2.8% of respondents. About 20% of the partic- ipants in the medical ward developed AKI (n= 15) whilst 12% of those in surgical ward developed AKI (n= 8). Among the participants admitted to the medical ward, 60.0%, 26.7% and 13.3% had stages 1, 2 and 3 AKI respectively. Whilst 50.0%, 25.0% and 25.0% respectively developed stages 1, 2 and 3 AKI in the surgical ward. Medical patients with AKI had hyper- tension (40%), followed by liver disease (33.3%); 37.5% of surgical inpatients had gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Conclusion: The incidence of AKI is high among medical and surgical patients in-patients in the CCTH, Ghana, with hy- pertension and liver disease as major comorbidities. Keywords: Acute kidney injury; KDIGO; medical; surgical; hypertension; liver disease.

Cytomorphological Analysis of Lymph Node Lesions in HIV-Positive Patients with CD4 Count Correlation: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Siddiqa Nasser ◽  
Rashmi K. Patil ◽  
Shreekanth K. Kittur
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Objectives: To study the cytomorphological spectrum of lymph node lesions in HIV-positive patients and correlate the cytological findings with the CD4 count. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 23 months' duration which included 110 HIV-positive cases proved according to the guidelines of the National AIDS Control Organisation. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done on clinically palpable lymph nodes. Special stains and culture were done wherever necessary. CD4 count was done by flow cytometry and subsequently correlated with the cytological findings. Results: Our study included 110 cases, ranging in age from 6 to 70 years, peaking in the 3rd to 4th decade (n = 46). The male-to-female ratio was 1.75:1 and the predominant site was the cervical group of lymph nodes (n = 71). Each lesion was correlated with CD4 count, laboratory and clinical findings, and was further segregated based on WHO and CDC staging. Cytological lesions were tubercular (53.6%), reactive (27.1%), suppurative (6.4%) lymphadenitis, lymphoma (4.5%), cystic lymphoid hyperplasia (2.8%), metastases (1.9%), cryptococcal lymphadenitis (0.9%). The mean CD4 count was 217.4, 434.4, 181.4, 149, 580, 225, and 207 cells/µL, respectively. There was a highly significant correlation of cytological findings with CD4 count (χ2 value = 44.57 and p < 0.001). Conclusion: FNAC is a primary, safe, and valuable tool for the identification of opportunistic infections, neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions, as well as therapeutic modality in certain conditions. Correlation of lesions with CD4 count provides information about immune status, HIV stage and segregating cases, and also aids further evaluation and management.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempt among People Living with HIV/AIDS at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsay Hailu Gebremariam ◽  
Mebratu Mitiku Reta ◽  
Zebiba Nasir ◽  
Fisseha Zewdu Amdie
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Suicidal Attempt ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS) continues to be an underrecognized risk for suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, and completion of suicide. Suicidal ideation and attempt in HIV/AIDS is not only a predictor of future attempted suicide and completed suicide.Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-positive patients attending HIV care at Zewditu Memorial Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 423 participants from April to May 2014. Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to collect data. Multivariable logistic regression was computed to assess factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt.Result. Suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt were found to be 22.5% and 13.9%, respectively. WHO clinical stage of HIV, not being on HAART, depression, family history of suicidal attempt, and perceived stigma were associated with suicidal ideation. WHO clinical stage, being female, not being on HAART, use of substance, and depression were associated with suicidal attempt.Conclusion. Early diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infections, depression, and early initiation of ART need to be encouraged in HIV-positive adults. Furthermore, counseling on substance use and its consequences and early identification of HIV-positive people with family history of suicidal ideation have to be considered.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Wasting, Thinness, Stunting and Under-weight among Paediatric AIDS Patients in a Tertiary Centre

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Onyinye Uchenna Anyanwu ◽  
Benson Nnamdi Onyire ◽  
Faith W. Daniyan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: Malnutrition is a common occurrence in HIV positive children. Its presence reflects the level of care the child receives as well as affects the outcome of their infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of various forms of malnutrition among HIV positive children. This was a Hospital based Cross-sectional study in HIV-positive children receiving care in FETHA.Material and Methods: using the WHO reference standards, we determined the prevalence of wasting, thinness, stunting and underweight in HIV-positive children receiving care in FETHA. Height and weight measurements of 89 HIV-positive children aged 0-18year old were taken. Socioeconomic stratification was done by Olusanya’s criteria.Results: The prevalence of wasting, thinness, stunting and underweight in HIV- positive children were 31(34.8%), 22(24.7%), 30(33.7%), and 33(37.1%) respectively. Age group and socioeconomic status were significantly associated with the various forms of malnutrition while gender and clinical stage of disease were not.Conclusion: There is still a high prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition amongst paediatric-AIDS patients which is significantly more amongst adolescents and the lower socioeconomic class.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):156-159.

Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

Factors associated with HIV care and treatment cascade in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2014–2017: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242097594
Author(s):  
Guilherme B Shimocomaqui ◽  
Craig S Meyer ◽  
Maria L Ikeda ◽  
Elson Romeu Farias ◽  
Tonantzin R Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Cascade ◽  
Care And Treatment

In 2018, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) had some of the highest HIV/AIDS rates in Brazil, and we did not find any studies about the HIV care and treatment cascade (HCTC) related to this state. We aimed to estimate the indicators of HCTC of RS, Brazil, and associated factors. A cross-sectional study with all people living with HIV (PLWH) in RS between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2017 was conducted using a national database which registers all HIV notifications, CD4 and viral load laboratory data and antiretroviral therapy (ART) usage in the public health system. We considered sex, age, education, race, year of HIV diagnosis, and health region as predictor factors, and defined linkage to care, retention to care, being on ART, and having undetectable viral load as the HCTC indicators. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed using Stata 15.2. A total of 116,121 PLWH were diagnosed, 79,959 were linked to care, 72,117 retained in care, 69,219 on ART, and 54,857 had undetectable viral load from 2014 to 2017. We observed greatest attrition for younger age, non-white, and lower education in all HCTC indicators. Women are more likely to have undetectable viral load (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07), even though they are less likely to be retained to care (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89–0.96) and on ART (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.78–0.86). Although all HCTC indicators have increased over the period and the “test and treat” policy indicates improvements in ART and in undetectable viral load outcomes, evidence suggests specific attrition and disparities such as those related to HIV healthcare facilities should be addressed. These findings may be used by researchers, health professionals, and policymakers in order to investigate and implement interventions to better engage PLWH across the HCTC.

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