scholarly journals Versatile Optochemical Quantification with Optical Mouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altamash Fakki ◽  
Salahaldein Ahmed ◽  
Jongwon Park ◽  
Chang-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Chemical Quantification ◽  
Optical Mouse

There is an ever increasing need for simple, low-cost instruments for ubiquitous medical and environmental measurements in conjunction with networks and Internet-of-things. This work demonstrates that the optical mouse, one of the most common optoelectronic computer peripherals, can be used for chemical quantification. Particularly, we explore the feasibility of using the preassembled optical platform of mouse for oxygen and pH quantification. The image sensor and the light-emitting diode (LED) serve as photodetector and excitation/illumination light source, respectively, while the preinstalled microoptics (e.g., lens and waveguide) provide a fixed optical arrangement convenient for sample analysis. This novel, cost-effective approach demonstrates the potential application of optical mouse for bioanalytical devices in conjunction with commercial sensor strips or simple microfluidic elements. This is one viable option for seamless integration of bioanalytical capability into existing personal computers and associate networks without significant additional hardware.

Low Cost Cooling Device for High Power LED Lamps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Martinez-Vega ◽  
Araceli Lopez-Badillo ◽  
J. Luis Luviano-Ortiz ◽  
Abel Hernandez-Guerrero ◽  
Jaime G. Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Light Emitting

Abstract The modern world progressively demands more energy; according to forecasts energy consumption will grow at an average annual rate of 3 percent. Therefore, it is necessary to purchase products or devices that are efficient and environmentally friendly. Technology in LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting is presented as an alternative to energy saving, since LEDs have proven to be extremely efficient, have a long service life and their cost-effective ratio is very good. However, the heat emitted by the LED chip must be dissipated effectively, since the overheating of the chip reduces the efficiency and lifetime of the lamp. Therefore, heat sinks that are reliable, efficient and inexpensive should be designed and built. The present work proposes new designs for heat sinks in LED lamps, some of the models in the design of the fins refer to the Fibonacci series. The models proposed in the present work that have a significant advantage are the Type 1E Model (5.2% mass savings and better thermal efficiency of 8.33%), GR Type 1 Model (3.12% lighter and 3.33% more efficient) and the GRL Type Model (4. 51% mass savings and 5.55% thermally more efficient) compared to the Type 2 Reference Model proposed by Jang et al. [12].

scholarly journals Light-Emitting-Diode-Based Multispectral Photoacoustic Computed Tomography System

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Agrawal ◽  
Christopher Fadden ◽  
Ajay Dangi ◽  
Xinyi Yang ◽  
Hussain Albahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tunable Laser ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Human Finger

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) has been widely explored for non-ionizing functional and molecular imaging of humans and small animals. In order for light to penetrate deep inside tissue, a bulky and high-cost tunable laser is typically used. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently emerged as cost-effective and portable alternative illumination sources for photoacoustic imaging. In this study, we have developed a portable, low-cost, five-dimensional (x, y, z, t, λ ) PACT system using multi-wavelength LED excitation to enable similar functional and molecular imaging capabilities as standard tunable lasers. Four LED arrays and a linear ultrasound transducer detector array are housed in a hollow cylindrical geometry that rotates 360 degrees to allow multiple projections through the subject of interest placed inside the cylinder. The structural, functional, and molecular imaging capabilities of the LED–PACT system are validated using various tissue-mimicking phantom studies. The axial, lateral, and elevational resolutions of the system at 2.3 cm depth are estimated as 0.12 mm, 0.3 mm, and 2.1 mm, respectively. Spectrally unmixed photoacoustic contrasts from tubes filled with oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, indocyanine green, methylene blue, and melanin molecules demonstrate the multispectral molecular imaging capabilities of the system. Human-finger-mimicking phantoms made of a bone and blood tubes show structural and functional oxygen saturation imaging capabilities. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of the proposed LED-based, low-cost, portable PACT system for pre-clinical and clinical applications.

Development of a Cost-Effective Surgical Headlight Using Consumer Light Emitting Diode Lighting and 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
pp. 155335062199776
Author(s):  
Deven K. Gupta ◽  
Lily Chen ◽  
Andrew E. Heidari ◽  
Steven Chau ◽  
Brandyn Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Exit Survey ◽  
Surgical Residents ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Simulation Task

Need. Battery-powered Light Emitting Diode (LED) surgical headlights are necessary for improved intraoperative illumination but may be costly. Technical Solution. The objective of this study was to develop a low-cost surgical headlight using a consumer-grade LED headlight and 3D-printed mount. Proof of Concept. Eighteen surgical residents performed simulation exercises that mimicked suturing in the oral cavity using both a custom prototype headlight and a commercial surgical headlight. The time required to complete the task with each headlight was recorded along with an exit survey. A second device was created based on the critiques of the first device and was tested by ten additional surgical trainees. Surgical residents completed the simulation task in 27 ± 8.6 seconds and 21 ± 5.6 seconds with the commercially available headlight and first prototype, respectively. In the second experiment, the simulation task was completed in 23 ± 11.1 and 23 ± 12.2 seconds with the commercially available headlight and second device, respectively. Survey results showed an overall positive consensus, with critiques about headband security, suggestions for smaller LED chassis, and a more robust mounting bracket. Some preferred the prototype headlight due to the wider field of illumination compared to the commercially available unit (ie, beam spread/beam angle). Next Steps. Future adjustments are required to optimize the location of the headlight and the battery to modify the weight distribution of the device. Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that our prototype models are viable alternatives to conventional surgical headlights and warrant continued optimization for broader adoption by surgeons and trainees for whom higher-cost alternatives are not an option.

Low-Cost Label-Free Bio-Detection System Using Double-Sided Grating Waveguide Couplers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fan Ku ◽  
Hsun-Yuan Li ◽  
Yu-Chung Lin ◽  
Wen-Hsin Hsieh ◽  
Guo-En Chang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Intensity ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Label Free Detection

Low-cost label-free bio-sensing systems have long been desired to enable rapid, sensitive, quantitative, and high-throughput biosensing for bio-medical and chemical applications. Here we present an optical bio-detection system consists of injection-molded biosensors based on double-sided grating waveguide couplers and an optical intensity-based detection platform for low-cost, real-time, and label-free biosensing. The biosensors were fabricated combining injection-molding and sputtering techniques, providing unique advantages of low-cost and reduced production time. A simple and cost-effective optical intensity-based detection system employing a low-cost light emitting diode and a simple photodetector is also developed to perform label-free biosensing. We demonstrate that a high refractive index resolution of 6.43 × 10−5 RIU is achieved with this compact bio-sensing system, showing great promises for low-cost, real-time, label-free detection in bio-medical and chemical applications.

Ullmann coupling for low-cost synthesis of anthracene-based polyfluorenes: A photophysical approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 095400832094538
Author(s):  
Deepika C Hasija ◽  
Vaijayanti D Ghase ◽  
Meenakshi M Rananaware ◽  
Vishwanath R Patil
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital

A set of anthracene containing polyfluorenes (PFs) having 9,10-diphenylanthracene with alkyl substituents and aniline containing fluorenes were prepared. Commonly, light-emitting polymers were synthesized using expensive palladium-like catalysts. In the present work, palladium was replaced by copper as a cost-effective PF synthesis catalyst, which is also suitable for large-scale polymer synthesis. Synthesized PFs emit light in the blue region with a bandgap of 2.87–2.90 eV. Thermally stable PFs had a decomposition temperature of more than 305°C and a glass transition temperature of 125–138°C. PFs were soluble in organic solvents and had a molecular weight of around 21,700–25,500. The electrochemical study of these PFs showed low level of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of −5.16 to −5.26 eV, which was significantly higher than that of PF (5.7 eV). These findings suggested that the resulting PFs could be used as a component of the light-emitting diode.

Porphyrin doping of dichloride-bis(5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-olato)tin(IV) complex for electroluminescence

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Janghouri ◽  
Ezeddin Mohajerani ◽  
Mostafa M. Amini ◽  
Naser Safari
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Orbital Energy ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
Organic Light

A method for obtaining red emission from an organic-light emitting diode has been developed by dissolving red and yellow dyes in a common solvent and thermally evaporating the mixture in a single furnace. Dichlorido-bis(5,7-dichloroquinolin-8-olato)tin(IV) complex ( Q2SnCl2 , Q = 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline) has been synthesized for using as a fluorescent material in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electronic states HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital)/LUMO (Lowest Occupied Molecular Orbital) energy levels explored by means of cyclic voltammetry measurements. A device with fundamental structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS (55nm)/PVK (90nm)/ Q2SnCl2/Al (180nm) was fabricated and its electroluminescence performance at various thicknesses of light emitting layer (LEL) of Q2SnCl2 is reported. By following this step, an optimal thickness for the doping effect was also identified and explained. Finally a device with fundamental structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS (55nm)/PVK (90nm)/meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP): Q2SnCl2 (75nm)/ Al (180nm) was fabricated and its electroluminescence performance at various concentrations of dye has been investigated. It is shown that this new method is promising candidate for fabrication of low cost OLEDs at more homogeneous layer.

scholarly journals Protection of computers from side electromagnetic radiation during monitor images formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Volodymyr M. Lucenko ◽  
Dmytro O. Progonov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communication Lines

Reliable protection of confidential data processed in critical information infrastructure elements of public institutions and private organizations is topical task today. Of particular interest are methods to prevent the leakage of confidential data by localizing informative (dangerous) signals that both carry an informative component, and have a signal level higher than predefined threshold. The increase in signal energy from personal computers is caused by increasing of its transistors switching speed. Modern passive shielding methods for secured computers, similar to the well-known program TEMPEST, require either costly and large shielding units or technological simplification by using of low-cost fragmentary shielding of computer’s individual elements. Therefore, localization of side electromagnetic radiation produced by personal computer is needed. The paper presents a cost-effective approach to reducing the level of computer’s electromagnetic radiation by passive method. The radiation are localized and measured by its estimation on personal computer’s elements, namely unshielded communication lines between video processor and a monitor, fragments of electric tracks on motherboards, etc. During experiments authors used ad-hoc miniature electric (ball antenna) and magnetic (Hall sensor) antennas connected to selective voltmeters. This approach significantly reduces the cost of equipment and measurements as well as requirements to analytics’ qualification for improving computer’s protection. Also, the alternative approach for computer protection is proposed. The approach is based on image content protection by distorting the image on the monitor instead of reducing electromagnetic radiation caused by signals from the monitor. The protection includes image scrambling using Arnold transform that randomly “shuffle” the lines in each frame.

Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga Wires with Fiber Texture

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Patrick Farrell ◽  
Patti E. Quigley ◽  
Kyle J. Avery ◽  
Tim D. Hatchard ◽  
Stephanie E Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Saturation Field ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Wire Method ◽  
Deformation Processes

AbstractRecently, low-cost processing approaches that produce textured thin bodies have engendered interest as cost-effective approaches for fabrication of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys. In particular, wire-forming methods that strictly control the solidification direction could lead to some measure of crystallographic texture control. This is critical for development of large magnetostriction in polycrystals and for use of the alloys in actuators, sensors, energy harvesters and other systems. Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga wires have been prepared using an innovative cost-effective approach – based on the Taylor wire method – that combines rapid solidification and deformation processes. The procedure for making magnetostrictive wires is discussed and the wires are evaluated in terms of microstructure, crystallographic texture and magnetostriction. Results show that the Taylor-based approach is an effective and versatile means to draw 1-3 mm diameter textured Fe-Ga wire. Experimentation on the influence of drawing technique and quench conditions on texture development resulted with production of a strong <100> fiber texture in the Fe-Ga wire. Magnetostriction measurements, in the absence of prestress, indicated a maximum magnetostriction of ˜165 ppm in a saturation field of less than 200 mTesla. This is considered a significant strain for bulk polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys without a pre-stress or a stress-annealing treatment. The unique properties of wires made with the Taylor-based approach coupled with the low intrinsic cost make this an attractive approach for production of textured magnetostrictive wire for a variety of applications.

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