scholarly journals Protection of computers from side electromagnetic radiation during monitor images formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Volodymyr M. Lucenko ◽  
Dmytro O. Progonov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Confidential Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communication Lines

Reliable protection of confidential data processed in critical information infrastructure elements of public institutions and private organizations is topical task today. Of particular interest are methods to prevent the leakage of confidential data by localizing informative (dangerous) signals that both carry an informative component, and have a signal level higher than predefined threshold. The increase in signal energy from personal computers is caused by increasing of its transistors switching speed. Modern passive shielding methods for secured computers, similar to the well-known program TEMPEST, require either costly and large shielding units or technological simplification by using of low-cost fragmentary shielding of computer’s individual elements. Therefore, localization of side electromagnetic radiation produced by personal computer is needed. The paper presents a cost-effective approach to reducing the level of computer’s electromagnetic radiation by passive method. The radiation are localized and measured by its estimation on personal computer’s elements, namely unshielded communication lines between video processor and a monitor, fragments of electric tracks on motherboards, etc. During experiments authors used ad-hoc miniature electric (ball antenna) and magnetic (Hall sensor) antennas connected to selective voltmeters. This approach significantly reduces the cost of equipment and measurements as well as requirements to analytics’ qualification for improving computer’s protection. Also, the alternative approach for computer protection is proposed. The approach is based on image content protection by distorting the image on the monitor instead of reducing electromagnetic radiation caused by signals from the monitor. The protection includes image scrambling using Arnold transform that randomly “shuffle” the lines in each frame.

The role of hybrid computers in simulation and control

SIMULATION ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analog Computer ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Specialized Technique ◽  
Hybrid Computer ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

This paper discusses the present atzd futtsre of hybrid computation: Has it reached its zenith, or will it continue to develop as a powerful but specialized technique? The minicomputer has made current hybrid systems practical by providing a low-cost digital component. Unless the cost of the analog computer is reduced, the increasing power and decreasing cost of the minicomputer may severely limit future hybrid computer usage by providing an economic all-digital alternative. However, problems with alternative solution techniques indicate that for some important applications the hybrid computer will be the most cost- effective approach.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

scholarly journals Growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris in different growth media

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIAS A. CHIA ◽  
ANA T. LOMBARDI ◽  
MARIA DA GRACA G. MELAO
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
The Cost

The need for clean and low-cost algae production demands for investigations on algal physiological response under different growth conditions. In this research, we investigated the growth, biomass production and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris using semi-continuous cultures employing three growth media (LC Oligo, Chu 10 and WC media). The highest cell density was obtained in LC Oligo, while the lowest in Chu medium. Chlorophyll a, carbohydrate and protein concentrations and yield were highest in Chu and LC Oligo media. Lipid class analysis showed that hydrocarbons (HC), sterol esthers (SE), free fatty acids (FFA), aliphatic alcohols (ALC), acetone mobile polar lipids (AMPL) and phospholipids (PL) concentrations and yields were highest in the Chu medium. Triglyceride (TAG) and sterol (ST) concentrations were highest in the LC Oligo medium. The results suggested that for cost effective cultivation, LC Oligo medium is the best choice among those studied, as it saved the cost of buying vitamins and EDTA associated with the other growth media, while at the same time resulted in the best growth performance and biomass production.

An Innovative Cost-Effective Approach for Characterization of Removable Prosthesis - Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Removable Prosthesis ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Cost

Esthetics plays a crucial role in rehabilitation of removable dentures to achieve a pleasant smile. Denture esthetics is the effect produced, which improves the beauty and attractiveness of a person. With the advances of implants and ceramics, the conventional removable denture needs to be updated. denture characterization is a must in avoiding denture look and giving natural look. Giving the prosthesis as close as possible to the natural apparatus before the tooth loss is the key to a successful prosthetic, esthetic and functional rehabilitation. As a prosthodontist dealing in fulfilling the aesthetic challenges an economical alternative to high-end costly procedures is a must considering the Indian scenario, keeping in mind the biocompatibility and longevity of the treatment. As per literature light cure, gum staining is one of the techniques for masking denture base color and imparting natural color to mucosa but considering the cost involved many patients requiring aesthetic enhancement of prosthesis avoid going for such treatment thereby compromising their aesthetic. the present case series describe an innovative cost-effective alternative to the previously describe technique for masking the denture base color by using composite mixed with stains to replicate the natural apparatus.

scholarly journals Epoxy tooling: Technologies, developments, sustainability and future interest to industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112110598
Author(s):  
Gorka Díez-Barcenilla ◽  
José L Gómez-Alonso ◽  
Koldo Gondra ◽  
Ester Zuza
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cooling Channels ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Tool Performance ◽  
Rapid Manufacture ◽  
The Cost

The technology of epoxy tooling, at present under continuous development, is used for the rapid manufacture of cost-effective tools for small batch production. It is a valid alternative with no need for expensive investment in metallic moulds for the development of new products. Current investigations are focused on improvements to the production system, improved tool performance, the cost reduction of moulds and tool manufacturing sustainability. In this paper, both the advantages and the disadvantages of epoxy tooling in injection moulding, wax injection, metal stamping and hot embossing are compared with conventional techniques. Following a brief introduction of rapid tooling technologies, the latest advances of epoxy tooling and their implementation in different manufacturing processes are all analysed. These developments refer to the production of new ad-hoc epoxy composites, increased productivity using conformal cooling channels, the reduction of the tooling manufacturing costs through waste reuse and the emerging industry 4.0 technologies for smart manufacturing and tooling. The main objective is to identify both the challenges facing epoxy tooling techniques and future research directions.

Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga Wires with Fiber Texture

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Patrick Farrell ◽  
Patti E. Quigley ◽  
Kyle J. Avery ◽  
Tim D. Hatchard ◽  
Stephanie E Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystallographic Texture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Saturation Field ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Wire Method ◽  
Deformation Processes

AbstractRecently, low-cost processing approaches that produce textured thin bodies have engendered interest as cost-effective approaches for fabrication of magnetostrictive Fe-Ga alloys. In particular, wire-forming methods that strictly control the solidification direction could lead to some measure of crystallographic texture control. This is critical for development of large magnetostriction in polycrystals and for use of the alloys in actuators, sensors, energy harvesters and other systems. Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga wires have been prepared using an innovative cost-effective approach – based on the Taylor wire method – that combines rapid solidification and deformation processes. The procedure for making magnetostrictive wires is discussed and the wires are evaluated in terms of microstructure, crystallographic texture and magnetostriction. Results show that the Taylor-based approach is an effective and versatile means to draw 1-3 mm diameter textured Fe-Ga wire. Experimentation on the influence of drawing technique and quench conditions on texture development resulted with production of a strong <100> fiber texture in the Fe-Ga wire. Magnetostriction measurements, in the absence of prestress, indicated a maximum magnetostriction of ˜165 ppm in a saturation field of less than 200 mTesla. This is considered a significant strain for bulk polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloys without a pre-stress or a stress-annealing treatment. The unique properties of wires made with the Taylor-based approach coupled with the low intrinsic cost make this an attractive approach for production of textured magnetostrictive wire for a variety of applications.

An Active Low Cost Mesh Networking Indoor Tracking System

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Carlin ◽  
Kevin Curran
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Scalable Vector Graphics ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
System A ◽  
The Cost

Indoor radio frequency tracking systems are generally quite expensive and can vary in accuracy due to interference, equipment quality or other environmental factors. Due to these limiting factors of the technology, many businesses today find it hard to justify investing in RFID tracking technologies to improve the safety, efficiency and security of their working environments. The aim of this project was to provide a budget RFID tracking system that was capable of tracking a person or object through an indoor environment. To minimize the cost of the RFID tracking system, the components of the system were built from existing electronic equipment and hardware. The software was also written to minimize licensing and support fees allowing a cost effective budget RFID tracking system to be developed. The tracking system consists of a tag, reader nodes and a PC reader which utilize synapse RF 100 engines with python scripts embedded on to the chips. The tracking system software operates through a web portal utilizing web technologies such as HTML, JavaScript and PHP to allow the tags location to be represented on a two dimensional map using scalable vector graphics. During development of the system a new trilateration algorithm was developed and used convert the signals received from the tag to a virtual position on the map correlating to the actual physical position of the tag. A unique contribution of this system is the low cost of building which we estimate as less than £200 UK sterling for a five node system.

Cost Comparison of Fan-Out WLP vs. Embedded Die

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001003-001018
Author(s):  
Alan Palesko ◽  
Jan Vardaman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Supply Chain Logistics ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Large Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Differences

Fabricating the package after the die is placed can result in smaller form factors, increased performance, and improved supply chain logistics for OEMs. There are many different approaches for this packaging technique, but two of the most prominent are Fan-Out WLP and Embedded Die. Fan-Out WLP leverages existing semiconductor technology for a cost effective approach to achieve relatively tight package design rules. The Embedded Die strategy leverages existing PCB lamination technology for cost-reduction through scale: fabricating many small packages on large production panels. We will examine the cost differences and similarities between Fan-Out WLP and Embedded Die strategies by developing a comprehensive cost model for each technology. We will then analyze the manufacturing costs (labor, material, depreciation, yield loss, and tooling) and yield impacts across a variety of designs to demonstrate the cost differences and similarities in each packaging technology.

scholarly journals Use of Targeted Amplicon Sequencing in Peanut to Generate Allele Information on Allotetraploid Sub-Genomes

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Roshan Kulkarni ◽  
Ratan Chopra ◽  
Jennifer Chagoya ◽  
Charles E. Simpson ◽  
Michael R. Baring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Polymorphic Snps ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Cost

The use of molecular markers in plant breeding has become a routine practice, but the cost per accession can be a hindrance to the routine use of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) identification in breeding programs. In this study, we demonstrate the use of targeted re-sequencing as a proof of concept of a cost-effective approach to retrieve highly informative allele information, as well as develop a bioinformatics strategy to capture the genome-specific information of a polyploid species. SNPs were identified from alignment of raw transcriptome reads (2 × 50 bp) to a synthetic tetraploid genome using BWA followed by a GATK pipeline. Regions containing high polymorphic SNPs in both A genome and B genomes were selected as targets for the resequencing study. Targets were amplified using multiplex PCR followed by sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq. Eighty-one percent of the SNP calls in diploids and 68% of the SNP calls in tetraploids were confirmed. These results were also confirmed by KASP validation. Based on this study, we find that targeted resequencing technologies have potential for obtaining maximum allele information in allopolyploids at reduced cost.

A cost effective approach to stormwater management? source control and distributed storage

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. G. Andoh ◽  
C. Declerck
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
The Cost

Rapid urbanisation and its consequent increase in impermeable surface areas and changes in land use has generally resulted in problems of flooding and heavy pollution of urban streams and other receiving waters. This has often been coupled with ground water depletion and a threat to water resources. The first part of this paper presents an alternative drainage philosophy and strategy which mimics nature's way by slowing down (attenuating) the movement of urban runoff. This approach results in cost-effective, affordable and sustainable drainage schemes. The alternative strategy can be described as one of prevention rather than cure by effecting controls closer to source rather than the traditional approach which results in the transfer of problems downstream, resulting in its cumulation and the need for large scale, centralised control. The second part describes a research project which has been launched in order to quantify the cost and operational benefits of source control and distributed storage. Details of the methodology of the modelling and simulation processes which are being followed to achieve this target are presented.

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