Preparation and Characterisation of Nobiletin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

The objective of this manuscript was to investigate and optimise the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a carrier system for nobiletin (NOB), which was prepared by high-pressure homogenisation method. Additionally, this study was focused on the application of NOB-loaded NLC (NOB-NLC) in functional food. Response surface method with a three-level Box–Behnken design was validated through analysis of variance, and the robustness of the design was confirmed through the correspondence between the values measured in the experiments and the predicted ones. Properties of the prepared NOB-NLC, such as Z-average, polydispersity, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, morphology, and crystallinity, were investigated. NOB-NLC exhibited a spherical shape with a diameter of 112.27 ± 5.33 nm, zeta potential of −35.1 ± 2.94 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.251 ± 0.058, and an EE of 81.06% ± 6.02%. Results from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry of NOB-NLC reviewed that the NOB crystal might be converted to an amorphous state. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that chemical interaction was absent between the compound and lipid mixture in NOB-NLC.

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Comprehensive Study of Atorvastatin Nanostructured Lipid Carriers through Multivariate Conceptualization and Optimization

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Heba A. Ghanem ◽

Ali M. Nasr ◽

Tamer H. Hassan ◽

Mahmoud M. Elkhoudary ◽

Reem Alshaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Interaction ◽

Amorphous State ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Lipid Mixture ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Screening Design

The aim of the current study is to establish a comprehensive experimental design for the screening and optimization of Atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (AT-NLCs). Initially, combined D-optimal screening design was applied to find the most significant factors affecting AT-NLCs properties. The studied variables included mixtures of solid and liquid lipids, the solid/liquid lipid ratio, surfactant type and concentration, homogenization speed as well as sonication time. Then, the variables homogenization speed (A), the ratio of solid lipid/liquid lipid (B), and concentration of the surfactant (C) were optimized using a central composite design. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were chosen as dependent responses. The optimized AT-NLCs demonstrated a nanometric size (83.80 ± 1.13 nm), Polydispersity Index (0.38 ± 0.02), surface charge (−29.65 ± 0.65 mV), and high drug incorporation (93.1 ± 0.04%). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed no chemical interaction between Atorvastatin and the lipid mixture. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the AT-NLCs suggested the transformation of Atorvastatin crystal into an amorphous state. Administration of the optimized AT-NLCs led to a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in serum levels of rats’ total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. This change was histologically validated by reducing the relevant steatosis of the liver.

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Preparation, characterization and scale-up of sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles

Nanotechnology Development ◽

10.4081/nd.2012.e8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vandita Kakkar ◽

Indu Pal Kaur

Keyword(s):

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Scale Up ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Solid Lipid ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The Brain

Sesamol loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SSLNs) were prepared with the aim of minimizing its distribution to tissues and achieving its targeting to the brain. Three scale-up batches (100x1 L) of S-SLNs were prepared using a microemulsification technique and all parameters were statistically compared with the small batch (1x;10 mL). S-SLNs with a particle size of less than 106 nm with a spherical shape (transmission electron microscopy) were successfully prepared with a total drug content and entrapment efficiency of 94.26±2.71% and 72.57±5.20%, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of lipidic nanoparticles while powder X-ray diffraction revealed their amorphous profile. S-SLNs were found to be stable for three months at 5±3°C in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The SLN preparation process was successfully scaled-up to a 100x batch on a laboratory scale. The procedure was easy to perform and allowed reproducible SLN dispersions to be obtained.

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DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS OF TOLNAFTATE

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i7.33115 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 109-115

Author(s):

AHMED GARDOUH ◽

Samar H. Faheim ◽

Samar M. Solyman

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Homogenization Method ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Release Study ◽

Vitro Release

Objective: The main purpose of this work was to prepare tolnaftate (TOL) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), Evaluate its characteristics and in vitro release study. Methods: Tolnaftate loaded Nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared by the high shear homogenization method using different liquid lipids types (DERMAROL DCO® and DERMAROL CCT®) and concentrations, different concentration ratios of tween80® to span20® and different homogenization speeds. All the formulated nanoparticles were subjected to particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PI), drug entrapment efficiency (EE), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM), release kinetics and in vitro release study was determined. Results: The results revealed that NLC dispersions had spherical shapes with an average size between 154.966±1.85 nm and 1078.4±103.02 nm. High entrapment efficiency was obtained with negatively charged zeta potential with PDI value ranging from 0.291±0.02 to 0.985±0.02. The release profiles of all formulations were characterized by a sustained release behavior over 24 h and the release rates increased as the amount of surfactant decreased. The release rate of TOL is expressed following the theoretical model by Higuchi. Conclusion: From this study, It can be concluded that NLCs are a good carrier for tolnaftate delivery

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OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RIVASTIGMINE-LOADED NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2021v13i3.42093 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 46-51

Author(s):

SWATHI GANNA ◽

SAI MANOGNA KOTAKADI ◽

RESHMA ANJUM MOHAMMED ◽

MANNUR ISMAIL SHAIK ◽

JOHN SUSHMA NANNEPAGA

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Surfactant Solution ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽

Sustained Delivery ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Dsc Analyses

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for improvement in the oral bioavailability of RT. Methods: RT-loaded NLCs were prepared by high shear homogenization technique using fish oil and flaxseed oil respectively. The prepared RT-NLCs were characterized using a phase-contrast microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Further, particle size, entrapment efficiency and sustained release of the drug were also studied. Results: SEM results revealed that the RT-NLCs were spherical in shape with a smooth surface. AFM results confirmed the formation of spherical particle dispersions by the NLCs in nanoscale. FTIR spectroscopy and DSC analyses revealed that there is no chemical interaction between the ingredients of RT-NLCs. The particle size of the RT-NLCs was found to be exponentially decreased with the increase in a surfactant solution. Conclusion: The results confirmed pronounced improvement in entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation of RT-NLCs. In vitro, drug release studies showed that RT-NLCs were capable of releasing the drug in a sustained manner. The experimental results showed that the NLCs are potential carriers for providing sustained delivery of rivastigmine.

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Mannosylated Solid Lipid Nanocarriers Of Chrysin To Target Gastric Cancer: Optimization and Cell line Study.

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201818666210319142206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Sonia S. Pandey ◽

Farhinbanu I. Shaikh ◽

Arti R. Gupta ◽

Rutvi J. Vaidya

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Particle Size ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Solid Lipid ◽

Lipid Nanocarriers

Background: Despite significant biological effects, the clinical use of chrysin has been restricted because of its poor oral bioavailability. Objective: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the targeting potential of Mannose decorated chrysin (5,7- dihydroxyflavone) loaded solid lipid nanocarrier (MC-SLNs) for gastric cancer. Methods: The Chrysin loaded SLNs (C-SLNs) were developed optimized, characterized and further mannosylated. The C-SLNs were developed with high shear homogenizer, optimized with 32 full factorial designs and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and evaluated for particle size/polydispersity index, zeta-potential, entrapment efficiency, % release and haemolytic toxicity. The ex-vivo cytotoxicity study was performed on gastric cancer (ACG) and normal cell lines. Results: DSC and XRD data predict the chrysin encapsulation in lipid core and FTIR results confirm the mannosylation of C-SLNs. The optimized C-SLNs exhibited a narrow size distribution with a particle size of 285.65 nm. The % Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) and % controlled release were found to be 74.43% and 64.83%. Once C-SLNs were coated with mannose, profound change was observed in dependent variable - increase in the particle size of MC-SLNs (307.1 nm) was observed with 62.87% release and 70.8% entrapment efficiency. Further, the in vitro studies depicted MC- SLNs to be least hemolytic than pure chrysin and C-SLNs. MC-SLNs were most cytotoxic and were preferably taken up ACG tumor cells as evaluated against C-SLNs. Conclusion: These data suggested that the MC-SLNs demonstrated better biocompatibility and targeting efficiency to treat the gastric cancer.

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Development and evaluation of coenzyme Q10 loaded solid lipid nanoparticle hydrogel for enhanced dermal delivery

Acta Pharmaceutica ◽

10.2478/acph-2013-0039 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 517-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Emrah Korkm ◽

Evren H. Gokce ◽

Ozgen Ozer

Keyword(s):

Coenzyme Q10 ◽

High Speed ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Solid Lipid

Abstract Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared by the high speed homogenization method and incorporated into Carbopol 974P hydrogels. Compritol 888 ATO (C888) was employed as the lipid base; Poloxamer 188 (P188) and Tween 80 (Tw80) were used as surfactant and co-surfactant. Optimum particle size with narrow distribution was obtained as 152.2 nm for blank and 142.4 nm for Q10 loaded SLNs. The overall charge of loaded SLNs was -13.7 ± 1.3 mV. Q10 entrapment efficiency was 89 % and the production yield was 94 %. Transmission electron microscopy analysis provided evidence of colloidal size, spherical shape while differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed recrystallization of the lipid after the preparation of SLNs. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) analysis has shown that antioxidant potential of Q10 can be protected in SLNs. Rheological characteristics demonstrated that the SLN incorporating gels were shear thinning and the mechanical strength of the gels was suitable for topical application. Diffusion studies from rat abdominal skin revealed that the delivery of Q10 was doubled in SLN incorporating gels, approximately 40 μg cm-2, in comparison with gels prepared with only Q10 (not incorporated in SLNs). As a result, it can be stated that Q10-SLN loaded gels can be successful delivery systems for carrying Q10 efficiently into the skin without losing its antioxidant properties.

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Preparation of microencapsulated PCMs for energy saving and thermal comfort of buildings

Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology ◽

10.51201/jusst/21/09544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (09) ◽

pp. 277-287

Author(s):

Ashraf Mohamed Heniegal ◽

◽

Omar Mohamed Omar Ibrahim ◽

Nour Bassim Frahat ◽

Mohamed Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Performance ◽

Chemical Interaction ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Indoor Temperature ◽

New Techniques ◽

Consumption Energy ◽

Local Materials ◽

Regular Spherical Shape

Energy improvement techniques for buildings are among the modern studies that concentrate on new techniques and methods of saving energy and improving the thermal performance in buildings. This research aims to prepare microencapsulated-PCMs (micro-PCMs) by using local materials and studied the influence of using micro-PCMs on thermal performance improvement and PCMs leakage problems improvement. The micro-PCMs of paraffin wax were prepared as the core PCMs materials while the melamine-formaldehyde polymer as the shell. The micro-PCMs were characterized through scanning electron-microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Analysis results showed the prepared micro-PCMs present a regular spherical shape and confirm that the formation composite of the shell effectively encapsulated the cores. Furthermore, the absence of chemical interaction between the MF and the PW components. The micro-PCM have potential for architectural applications in the building-envelope to store thermal energy, provide indoor-temperature at the comfortable range, and reduce the consumption energy in buildings.

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Physicochemical properties of chitosan–magnetite nanocomposites obtained with different pH

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/09673911211038461 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096739112110384

Author(s):

Christian Chapa González ◽

Javier Ulises Navarro Arriaga ◽

Perla Elvia García Casillas

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Polymeric Coating ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Coated Nanoparticles ◽

Nanoparticle Surface ◽

Magnetite Phase

The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticle surface determine the performance of nanocomposites in biomedical applications such as their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. The physicochemical properties of chitosan, such as apparent charge density and solubility, are pH dependent. Similarly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are susceptible to variations in their physicochemical properties due to changes in pH. In this work, we evaluated the physicochemical properties of chitosan–magnetite nanocomposites that were suspended at pH 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 to determinate the effect on particle size, zeta potential, and mass percentage of the polymeric coating, in addition to the crystalline phase and magnetic properties of magnetite phase. X-ray diffraction results exposed that the present phase was magnetite with no other phases present and that the crystallite size was between 10.8 and 14.1 nm. Fourier transform infrared verified the chitosan functional groups in treated samples while the percentage of mass determined by TGA found to be nearly 9%. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs corroborated the spherical shape of the bare and chitosan-coated nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering results showed that chitosan coating modifies the zeta potential, going from a potential of −11.8 mV for bare particles to −3.0 mV (pH 11). Besides, vibrating sample magnetometer measurements showed that coercivity remained very low, which is desirable in biomedical applications.

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Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of pH Responsive Polymeric Nano Hydrogel Carrier System for Gastro-Protective Delivery of Naproxen Sodium

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2019/6090965 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Rai Muhammad Sarfraz ◽

Muhammad Rouf Akram ◽

Muhammad Rizwan Ali ◽

Asif Mahmood ◽

Muhammad Usman Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Naproxen Sodium ◽

Research Work ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Swelling Behaviour ◽

X Ray

Current research work was carried out for gastro-protective delivery of naproxen sodium. Polyethylene glycol-g-poly (methacrylic acid) nanogels was developed through free radical polymerization technique. Formulation was characterized for swelling behaviour, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Zeta size distribution, and Zeta potential measurements, and in-vitro drug release. pH dependent swelling was observed with maximum drug release at higher pH. PXRD studies confirmed the conversion of loaded drug from crystalline to amorphous form while Zeta size measurement showed size reduction. On the basis of these results it was concluded that prepared nanogels proved an effective tool for gastro-protective delivery of naproxen sodium.

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ENRICHMENT OF IN VIVO EFFICACY OF CATECHIN RICH EXTRACT WITH THE APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.29569 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Monika P. ◽

Basavaraj B. V. ◽

Chidambara Murthy K. N. ◽

Ahalya N. ◽

Bharath S.

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Organic Solvents ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Major Elements ◽

Oral Dosage ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Evaporation Technique ◽

Selection Of

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to convert a natural catechin-rich extract into nanoparticles by using a biodegradable and non-toxic polymer Eudragit L 100 to address the various biopharmaceutical problems of catechin.Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using Eudragit L 100 in increasing concentration. Optimization of processing conditions like a selection of organic solvents, diluent and surfactant concentrations, drug and polymer ratio and method of drying to increase the biological efficiency were duly attempted. Parameters such as dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were assessed for the evaluation of nanoparticles.Results: The entrapment efficiency was found to be between 35-45 % with methanol compared to other organic solvents. The zeta potential values of all the formulations were in the range of±30 mV to±60 mV) which confirms moderate to good stability. A rapid or ‘burst’ effect of the drug release in pH 6.8 buffer showing 92 % in the first 30 min which gradually decreased to 52 % by the end of 180 min but in the pH 7.4, the release was found to be moderate. SEM and DLS indicated particles were of spherical shape lying in a nanometer range of 100 to 200 nm with a proportional influence of polymer on the particles size.Conclusion: Nanoformulations were found to be more stable and confirmed the presence of major elements such as carbon and oxygen. The findings collectively indicate that it may be worthwhile to apply nanotechnology for the design of an advanced oral dosage form for an enhanced bioavailability and biological efficacy.

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