scholarly journals Properties of Skin in Chinese Infants: Developmental Changes in Ceramides and in Protein Secondary Structure of the Stratum Corneum

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Ying Zou ◽  
Yao Xueqiu ◽  
Kyoko Shima ◽  
Yuki Miyauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Protein Secondary Structure ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Adult Skin

The properties of infant skin regarding its structure and stratum corneum (SC) properties during development compared to adult skin have been reported only for a few races and body sites. The aim of this study was to understand the developmental changes of skin properties in Chinese infants, focusing on SC ceramides and protein secondary structure, which are important for skin barrier function. Three body sites with distinct characteristics (cheeks, inner upper arms, and buttocks) were assessed. Sixty pairs of Chinese infants and their mothers were measured for SC hydration, transepidermal water loss, ceramide levels, sebum with an ester bond, and protein secondary structure of superficial SC. Skin hydration decreased with age at all body sites. TEWL was similar between the 2–12- and 13–24-month-old groups but was higher than the adult group at the buttocks and inner upper arms and was equal to the adult group at the cheeks. These differences coincided with differences in protein secondary structure. Ceramide and sebum levels were lower in the infant groups. We conclude that both the SC functions and the components of infant skin are still developing and are not fully adapted as in adult skin at each body site examined.

scholarly journals Effects of Cast Immobilisation on Skin Barrier Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Chin Yee Woo ◽  
Mark JA Koh ◽  
Winnie KY Fung ◽  
Cheri SH Chan ◽  
Chong Bing Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Cast Immobilisation ◽  
Volar Surface

Introduction: Cast immobilisation remains the mainstay of treatment for various fractures in paediatric patients, yet patients commonly complain of skin irritation and discomfort. This study aimed to perform a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the effects of cast immobilisation on the skin of children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: Patients aged 6–17 years of age with a fracture treated in a fiberglass short-arm or short-leg cast were recruited. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum (SC) hydration, hair density and presence of any skin signs were assessed before and after cast. Patients were required to complete a weekly questionnaire to rate itch, malodour, warmth, and dampness of the skin under the cast. Results: A total of 60 subjects completed the study. Thirty-six patients received a short-arm cast; 24 received a short-leg cast. Upon cast removal, TEWL was significantly increased on the volar surface of the arms and legs (P <0.05), and the dorsal surface of the arm (P <0.05). Likewise, SC hydration was significantly increased at most sites (P <0.05), except the volar surface of the leg (P = 0.513). There was no change in hair density. Throughout the duration of casting, there was an increase in itch and malodour scores. Conclusions: Moderate but significant changes in TEWL, SC hydration and subjective symptoms were observed during the duration of cast immobilisation, demonstrating that cast immobilisation for up to 4 weeks exerts moderate adverse impact on patients’ skin. Further studies to explore the use of better materials for cast immobilisation to improve skin barrier function and overall patient satisfaction are warranted. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2020;49:285–93 Ann Acad Med Singapore 2020;49:354–59 Key words: Cast immobilisation, Transepidermal water loss, Stratum corneum hydration

scholarly journals Moisturizing effect of a cosmetic formulation containing pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense) from the Brazilian cerrado biome

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanessa Costa Silva Faria ◽  
Gabriel Azevedo de Brito Damasceno ◽  
Márcio Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Stratum Corneum Water Content

Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known in Brazil as “pequi”, is a species widely distributed in the Brazilian Cerrado. The seeds are surrounded by a woody endocarp coated with a yellow fleshy mesocarp rich in oil and vitamin A, whose oil has a useful role in the treatment of skin aging and protection of human skin against UV-induced damage and skin hydration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cosmetic formulations containing pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense) on skin hydration, after a single application. Hydration effect assessment was performed by applying the formulations under study (Control – no formulation, vehicle, and vehicle + pequi oil) onto forearm skin of 30 human volunteers. Skin capacitance and Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) measurements were analyzed before, and at 1, 2 and 3 hours after, a single application. Evaluation results of a single application of the vehicle containing pequi oil showed an increase in stratum corneum water content, indicating a skin moisturizing effect. Results of the evaluation of immediate effects of TEWL demonstrated that the vehicle containing pequi oil significantly increased skin moisture during the 3 h evaluation period. The formulations containing pequi oil showed clinical efficacy, increasing stratum corneum water content and enhancing skin barrier function.

scholarly journals Clinical and Instrumental Exploration of Sensitive Skin in a Pediatric Population

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Boyer ◽  
Clarence De Belilovsky ◽  
Stéphanie Brédif ◽  
Caroline Baudouin ◽  
Laurent Misery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
First Time ◽  
In Infants And Children

Studies on sensitive skin pathophysiology in infants are challenging because most assessment methods require self-reporting of signs. In this study, we aimed to identify and characterize sensitive skin in children for the first time. A newly developed parent-reported questionnaire was used to recruit children with sensitive skin. This questionnaire was also tested on an adult group. Hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and inflammatory markers (cytokines, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)) were quantified. A total of 77 children and 20 adults (33 and 10 with sensitive skin, respectively) were recruited. The groups with sensitive skin had more clinical signs of skin dryness. Skin hydration was lower in children in the sensitive compared with the nonsensitive skin group. TEWL levels were similar between sensitive and nonsensitive subjects in both infant and adult groups. Sensitive skin exhibited higher levels of cytokines and proinflammatory PUFAs as well as lower levels of anti-inflammatory PUFAs. Sensitive skin syndrome was associated with normal skin barrier function but lower hydration in infants and children. The higher levels of proinflammatory markers suggest that sensitive skin is associated with low-level inflammation. It is hypothesized, for the first time, that PUFAs are involved in sensitive skin syndrome in infants.

NATURAL COSMETICS IN THE CARE OF YOUNG CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
O.B. Tamrazova ◽  
◽  
S.P. Seleznev ◽  
A.V. Tamrazova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
General Information ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Physiology ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Antimicrobial Protection ◽  
Irritant Dermatitis ◽  
Adaptive Shifts

The article provides general information about the skin physiology of newborns and infants. Structural features of the skin and main adaptive shifts in newborns, are described. Тhe child has an increase in the skin barrier function of the skin, which prevents transepidermal water loss; active synthesis of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) components that control skin hydration; shift of pH to acidic environment; normalization of thermoregulatory functions; enhancement of the photoprotective function; immune restructuring for antimicrobial protection; formation of a normal microbiome. The article describes the consequences of improper skin care of a newborn, using the example of diaper dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, prickly heat and vesiculopustulosis. The importance of using specialized children's cosmetics in caring for an infant is assessed. The basic recommendations for the choice of these products are presented, where the main emphasis is on the choice of products consisting of natural ingredients. Giving preference to natural cosmetics, everyone should carefully study the composition of these products and trust the manufacturers who can guarantee safety of care products for the youngest children.

scholarly journals Skin Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Transepidermal Water Loss and Temperature as Useful Tools to Assess Disease Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinidad Montero-Vilchez ◽  
María-Victoria Segura-Fernández-Nogueras ◽  
Isabel Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Miguel Soler-Gongora ◽  
Antonio Martinez-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Psoriatic Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Healthy Controls

Multiple diagnostic tools are used to evaluate psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity, but most of them are based on subjective components. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and temperature are skin barrier function parameters that can be objectively measured and could help clinicians to evaluate disease severity accurately. Thus, the aims of this study are: (1) to compare skin barrier function between healthy skin, psoriatic skin and AD skin; and (2) to assess if skin barrier function parameters could predict disease severity. A cross-sectional study was designed, and epidermal barrier function parameters were measured. The study included 314 participants: 157 healthy individuals, 92 psoriatic patients, and 65 atopic dermatitis patients. TEWL was significantly higher, while stratum corneum hydration (SCH) (8.71 vs. 38.43 vs. 44.39 Arbitrary Units (AU)) was lower at psoriatic plaques than at uninvolved psoriatic skin and healthy controls. Patients with both TEWL > 13.85 g·m−2h−1 and temperature > 30.85 °C presented a moderate/severe psoriasis (psoriasis area severity index (PASI) ≥ 7), with a specificity of 76.3%. TEWL (28.68 vs. 13.15 vs. 11.60 g·m−2 h−1) and temperature were significantly higher, while SCH (25.20 vs. 40.95 vs. 50.73 AU) was lower at AD eczematous lesions than uninvolved AD skin and healthy controls. Patients with a temperature > 31.75 °C presented a moderate/severe AD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) ≥ 37) with a sensitivity of 81.8%. In conclusion, temperature and TEWL values may help clinicians to determine disease severity and select patients who need intensive treatment.

scholarly journals Treatment of atopic dermatitis using non-thermal atmospheric plasma in an animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ik Jun Moon ◽  
Mi Ra Yun ◽  
Hae Kyeong Yoon ◽  
Keon Hee Lee ◽  
Sun Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epidermal Thickness

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been incorporated into various fields, including promotion of cutaneous wound healing. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic cutaneous condition characterized by inflammation-induced skin wounds and impaired skin barrier function. To investigate whether CAP may improve AD using an animal model. Dermatophagoides farinae extracts (DFE)-induced murine models of AD were used in this study. The plasma-treated group received a total of 6 CAP treatments during 2 weeks, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Differences in dermatitis severity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), serum level of immunoglobulin (Ig) E and epidermal thickness were evaluated in both groups. The dermatitis severity was significantly improved by CAP treatment. TEWL was lower in the plasma-treated group compared with the non-treated control group. Serum Ig E dropped significantly after treatment with CAP. Difference in epidermal thickness of the ear skin was not significant between the plasma-treated and non-treated groups. Localized treatment of AD with CAP decreases dermatitis severity, TEWL, and serum Ig E level. These results show CAP’s potentials as a novel therapeutic modality for AD.

Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-593
Author(s):  
Sylvia Anggraeni ◽  
Menul Ayu Umborowati ◽  
Damayanti Damayanti ◽  
Anang Endaryanto ◽  
Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Stratum Corneum Hydration ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial

Abstract Objectives Batik dyes contain irritant chemicals that increase the risk of skin barrier disruption. This study aims to determine the effect of Centella asiatica and ceramide in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration of the stratum corneum and skin acidity (pH). Methods This was a double blind clinical trial of 30 Indonesian batik workers who suffered from skin dryness, but had no clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis. Subjects were given cream containing C. asiatica or ceramide that formulated and randomly labeled by manufacturer (PT Paragon Technology and Innovation). Both subjects and researchers were blinded to the type of the cream. Cream was applied to the hands and arms twice a day. Biological function of the skin (TEWL, stratum corneum hydration level, and skin acidity) was examined by Cutometer dual MP-580. Baseline was recorded in the first examination, followed by second and third examinations at two and four weeks after treatment. Results After four weeks treatment, there were significant improvement of C. asiatica application in evaluation of corneometer palmar (p=0.007; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.001; CI 95%), and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.017; CI 95%). Ceramide application also gave significant improvement of corneometer palmar (0.038; CI 95%), skin acidity palmar (p=0.001; CI 95%), TEWL dorsum (p=0.023; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.002; CI 95%) and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.011; CI 95%). There were no significant differences of C. asiatica effectiveness compared to ceramide in skin barrier improvement. Conclusions C. asiatica and ceramide can improve skin barrier hydration in order to prevent the risk of contact dermatitis in batik workers.

Beneficial effects of oral supplementation with ferulic acid, a plant phenolic compound, on the human skin barrier in healthy men

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
Tomoko Nomura ◽  
Hiroko Jokura ◽  
Naoya Kitamura ◽  
Akihiko Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Stratum Corneum Hydration ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phytochemical compound with various physiologic functions. To clarify the effect of FA intake on skin barrier function (SBF), we conducted a placebo-controlled double-blind pilot trial. Sixteen healthy subjects were divided into 2 groups (n = 8) and ingested capsules containing either FA (200 mg) or placebo daily for 2 weeks. Two measures of SBF, transepidermal water loss and stratum corneum hydration, were assessed before and 2 weeks after the start of the study. Autonomic nervous activity, which is suggested to be related to SBF, was also measured. Compared with the values obtained before the start of the study, FA intake significantly reduced transepidermal water loss (from 6.1 ± 1.1 to 4.8 ± 1.0 g/m2/h, p = 0.005) and increased stratum corneum hydration (from 30.1 ± 7.6 to 32.3 ± 8.1 a.u., p = 0.027) after 2 weeks. In addition, the amount change in sympathetic nervous activity was significantly reduced after ingesting the FA capsules compared with the placebo capsules (−0.7 ± 1.6 vs. 1.1 ± 1.4, p = 0.035). These findings suggest that FA supplementation decreases sympathetic nervous activity and strengthens SBF in healthy men.

scholarly journals Chamaejasmine Isolated from Wikstroemia dolichantha Diels Suppresses 2,4-Dinitrofluoro-benzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in SKH-1 Hairless Mice

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Young Kim ◽  
No-June Park ◽  
Jonghwan Jegal ◽  
Sangho Choi ◽  
Sang Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dermal Thickness

Plants of the genus Wikstroemia have long been used as traditional medicines to treat diseases like pneumonia, rheumatism, and bronchitis. This study was designed to determine the effect of chamaejasmine, a biflavonoid present in W. dolichantha, on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced murine model of AD. Initially, we examined the anti-allergic activities of ten flavonoids from W. dolichantha by measuring β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells. Subsequently, an SKH-1 hairless mouse model of AD was developed based on the topical application of DNCB. Chamaejasmine (0.5%) or pimecrolimus (1%, positive control) were applied to dorsal skins of DNCB-sensitized AD mice for two weeks. Serum IL-4 and IgE levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin hydration were measured using a Tewameter TM210 and a SKIN-O-MAT, respectively. Of the ten flavonoids isolated from W. dolichantha, chamaejasmine most potently inhibited DNP-specific IgE-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. Topical administration of chamaejasmine attenuated the clinical symptoms of DNCB-induced dermatitis (i.e., itching, dryness, erythema, and edema). Histological analyses demonstrated that dermal thickness and mast cell infiltration in dermis were significantly reduced by chamaejasmine. In addition, 0.5% chamaejasmine inhibited DNCB-induced increases in total IL-4 and IgE levels in serum, improved skin barrier function, and increased epidermis moisture. Our findings suggest chamaejasmine might be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of atopic diseases.

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