scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Fermented Flax Seed Oil on NC/Nga Mice with Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joonhyoung Yang ◽  
Sangyeon Min ◽  
Seungug Hong
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Background. Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Objective. This experiment aimed to study the effects of Fermented Flax Seed Oil (FFSO) on symptoms such as redness, eczema, and pruritus induced by AD. Materials and Methods. AD-induced NC/Nga mice were used to observe the immunological and therapeutic effects of FFSO on skin in vivo. Raw 264.7 cells were used to investigate the effects of FFSO in cells. Fc receptor expression and concentration of beta-hexosaminidase were measured. Nitric oxide assay, Western blotting, real-time PCR, image analysis, and statistical analysis were performed in vitro. Results. In the immunohistochemical results, p-ERK 1/2 expression decreased, fibrogenesis strongly increased, and distribution reduction is observed. Distribution of IL-4-positive cells in the corium near the basal portion of the epithelium in the AT group was reduced. FFSO treatment reduced the number of cells showing NF-κB p65 and iNOS expression. The level of LXR in the AT group was higher than that in the AE group, and elevation of PKC expression was significantly reduced by FFSO treatment. Conclusion. FFSO could alleviate symptoms of AD such as epithelial damage, redness, swelling, and pruritus.

scholarly journals Effect of Neferine on DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in HaCaT Cells and BALB/c Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8237
Author(s):  
Chung-Chi Yang ◽  
Yen-Ling Hung ◽  
Wen-Chin Ko ◽  
Yi-Ju Tsai ◽  
Jia-Feng Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and persistent inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczematous lesions and itching, and it has become a serious health problem. However, the common clinical treatments provide limited relief and are accompanied by adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel and effective therapies to treat AD. Neferine is a small molecule compound isolated from the green embryo of the mature seeds of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). It has a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid structure. Relevant studies have shown that neferine has many pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-diabetic activities. However, there are very few studies on neferine in the skin, especially the related effects on inflammatory skin diseases. In this study, we proved that it has the potential to be used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Through in vitro studies, we found that neferine inhibited the expression of cytokines and chemokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, and it reduced the phosphorylation of MAPK and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Through in vivo experiments, we used 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to induce atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation in a mouse model. Our results show that neferine significantly decreased the skin barrier damage, scratching responses, and epidermal hyperplasia induced by DNCB. It significantly decreased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, blood flow, and ear thickness and increased surface skin hydration. Moreover, it also inhibited the expression of cytokines and the activation of signaling pathways. These results indicate that neferine has good potential as an alternative medicine for the treatment of atopic dermatitis or other skin-related inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Chloroform Fraction of Pyrus Ussuriensis Maxim. Leaf Extract on 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in nc/nga Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
KyoHee Cho ◽  
Min Kang ◽  
Amna Parveen ◽  
Silvia Yumnam ◽  
Sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Pyrus Ussuriensis Maxim

Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim, a pear commonly known as “Sandolbae” in Korea, is used as a traditional herbal medicine for asthma, cough, and fever in Korea, China, and Japan. P. ussuriensis Maxim leaves (PUL) have therapeutic effects on atopic dermatitis (AD). However, there are no reports on the efficacy of specific components of PUL. In the present study, activity-guided isolation of PUL was used to determine the compounds with potent activity. Astragalin was identified as the major component of the chloroform-soluble fraction of PUL (PULC) using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Astragalin and PULC were tested in vitro and in vivo for their effects against AD. PULC and astragalin dose-dependently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells, and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)/interferon γ (IFNγ) induced HaCaT cells. In the AD mice model, PULC and astragalin application significantly reduced dermatitis severity, scratching behavior, and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) when compared to that of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-treated NC/Nga mice. Additionally, they normalized skin barrier function by decreasing immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in the serum. Filaggrin and involucrin protein levels were normalized by PULC treatment in HaCaT cells and skin lesions. These results indicate that PULC and astragalin ameliorate AD-like symptoms by alleviating both pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune stimuli in vitro and in vivo in animal models. Therefore, PULC and astragalin might be effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD.

Substrate preferences of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase contribute to enrichment of flax seed oil with α-linolenic acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 475 (8) ◽  
pp. 1473-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Roman Holic ◽  
Darren Li ◽  
Xue Pan ◽  
Elzbieta Mietkiewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Acyl Donor ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Long Chain

Seed oil from flax (Linum usitatissimum) is enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3Δ9cis,12cis,15cis), but the biochemical processes underlying the enrichment of flax seed oil with this polyunsaturated fatty acid are not fully elucidated. Here, a potential process involving the catalytic actions of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is proposed for ALA enrichment in triacylglycerol (TAG). LACS catalyzes the ATP-dependent activation of free fatty acid to form acyl-CoA, which in turn may serve as an acyl-donor in the DGAT-catalyzed reaction leading to TAG. To test this hypothesis, flax LACS and DGAT cDNAs were functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to probe their possible involvement in the enrichment of TAG with ALA. Among the identified flax LACSs, LuLACS8A exhibited significantly enhanced specificity for ALA over oleic acid (18:1Δ9cis) or linoleic acid (18:2Δ9cis,12cis). Enhanced α-linolenoyl-CoA specificity was also observed in the enzymatic assay of flax DGAT2 (LuDGAT2-3), which displayed ∼20 times increased preference toward α-linolenoyl-CoA over oleoyl-CoA. Moreover, when LuLACS8A and LuDGAT2-3 were co-expressed in yeast, both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the ALA-containing TAG enrichment process was operative between LuLACS8A- and LuDGAT2-3-catalyzed reactions. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that the cooperation between the reactions catalyzed by LACS8 and DGAT2 may represent a route to enrich ALA production in the flax seed oil.

scholarly journals IL-23 induces regulatory T cell plasticity with implications for inflammatory skin diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun K. Kannan ◽  
Zhi Su ◽  
Donna M. Gauvin ◽  
Stephanie E. Paulsboe ◽  
Ryan Duggan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractFoxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a major fraction of skin resident T cells. Although normally protective, Tregs have been shown to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in human diseases, including psoriasis. A significant hurdle in the Treg field has been the identification, or development, of model systems to study this Treg plasticity. To overcome this gap, we analyzed skin resident Tregs in a mouse model of IL-23 mediated psoriasiform dermatitis. Our results demonstrate that IL-23 drove the accumulation of Tregs; including a subpopulation that co-expressed RORγt and produced IL-17A. Genesis of this population was attenuated by a RORγt inverse agonist compound and clinically relevant therapeutics. In vitro, IL-23 drove the generation of CD4+Foxp3+RORγt+IL-17A+ cells from Treg cells. Collectively, our data shows that IL-23 drives Treg plasticity by inducing a population of CD4+Foxp3+RORγt+IL-17A+ cells that could play a role in the disease pathogenesis. Through this work, we define an in vitro system and a pre-clinical in vivo mouse model that can be used to further study Treg homeostasis and plasticity in the context of psoriasis.

Potential Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Eupatorium lindleyanum

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Zhong ◽  
Shiqi Fang ◽  
Yunfeng Zheng ◽  
Cunyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Eupatorium lindleyanum has traditionally been used as folk medicine in Asian countries for its therapeutic effects on tracheitis and tonsillitis. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory active constituents from E. lindleyanum led to the isolation of two novel sesquiterpene lactones, named eupalinolide L (1) and eupalinolide M (2), and seven known sesquiterpene lactones (3–9). The structures and configurations of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D NMR techniques. In vivo experiments showed that the sesquiterpenes fraction significantly reduced mouse ear edema induced by xylene (18.6%, p < 0.05). In in vitro assays, compounds 1–9 showed excellent anti-inflammatory activities, as they lowered TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.001). The above results suggest that the sesquiterpene lactones from E. lindleyanum can be developed as novel potential natural anti-inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effects of topically-administered guar gum nanoparticles in oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2305-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Ghosh ◽  
Shinjini Mitra ◽  
Ena Ray Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Macrophage Populations

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease of the skin, involving itchy, reddish and scaly lesions. It mainly affects children and has a high prevalence in developing countries. AD may occur due to environmental or genetic factors. Currently, all therapeutic strategies involve methods to simply alleviate the symptoms, and include lotions and corticosteroids, which have adverse effects. Use of phytochemicals and natural products has not yet been exploited fully. The particle used in this study is derived from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, an edible polysaccharide with a galactomannan component. The mannose component mainly increases its specificity towards cellular uptake by mannose receptors, highly expressed by macrophages. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of guar gum nanoparticles (GN) in vitro and in vivo in AD. Methods: To assess the wound healing capacity of GN, we first treated adherent fibroblast cells, with a scratch injury, with GN. GN successfully healed the wound caused by the scratch. In the in vivo experiments, Balb/c mice ears were treated topically with oxazolone (Oxa) to induce AD, and then were topically treated with GN. The ear thickness increased significantly until day 28 upon treatment with Oxa. Results: Application of GN showed a significant decrease in ear thickness as assessed on day 28. The total cell count of skin cells that showed a fold increase, when treated with Oxa, was again decreased after topical application of GN on the affected skin. The eosinophil count, as assessed by Giemsa staining, was also increased when treated with Oxa, while GN application led to a significant decrease. Serum IgE levels were restored by GN. T helper cell and macrophage populations, when examined by flow cytometry, showed an increase in percentage when treated with Oxa; the percentage was reduced after application of GN. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining of the ear tissue showed an increase in epidermal thickness in Oxa-treated mice, while GN application showed reduced cellular infiltration and epidermal thickness. Conclusion: Overall, our results showed that GN, when administered topically, was successful in alleviating dermatitis caused by Oxa.

scholarly journals Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells alleviate atopic dermatitis-associated behaviors in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
WenDi Fei ◽  
JunLin Wu ◽  
MengDie Gao ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Ya Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Cell Injection ◽  
Muse Cells

Abstract Background Pruritus is a recurring, long-lasting skin disease with few effective treatments. Many patients have unsatisfactory responses to currently available antipruritic treatments, and effective therapeutics are urgently needed to relieve symptoms. A previous study reported that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated immune regulation could be used to treat skin inflammatory diseases. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are a new type of pluripotent stem cell that may also have the potential to treat inflammatory skin diseases. Methods Muse cells were isolated from human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) via the 8-h longterm trypsin incubation (LTT) method. Repeated use of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in a mouse model. Immunofluorescence, behavior recording, and image analysis were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of subcutaneous Muse cell injection. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the expression of inflammatory factors. In vitro, wound healing and cell proliferation experiments were used to examine the effect of Muse cell supernatant on keratinocytes. Results Our results showed that subcutaneous injection of Muse cells after AD model induction significantly alleviated scratching behavior in mice. The evaluation of dermatitis and photos of damaged skin on the back of the neck revealed that Muse cells reduced dermatitis, playing an active role in healing the damaged skin. The activation of spinal glial cells and scratching behavior were also reduced by Muse cell injection. In addition, we also showed that the expression levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17α, and IL-33 in both the spinal cord and skin were suppressed by Muse cells. Furthermore, Muse cells not only exerted anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human HaCat cells but also promoted wound healing and keratinocyte proliferation. Conclusions In vivo, Muse cells could alleviate scratching symptoms, reduce epidermal inflammation, and promote wound healing. In vitro, Muse cells could also promote the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes. In summary, Muse cells may become a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals α-Mangostin Alleviated Lipopolysaccharide Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Suppressing NAMPT/NAD Controlled Inflammatory Reactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqing Tao ◽  
Jia Jiang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Qingcheng Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

α-Mangostin (MAN) is a bioactive xanthone isolated from mangosteen. This study was designed to investigate its therapeutic effects on acute lung injury (ALI) and explore the underlying mechanisms of action. Rats from treatment groups were subject to oral administration of MAN for 3 consecutive days beforehand, and then ALI was induced in all the rats except for normal controls via an intraperitoneal injection with lipopolysaccharide. The severity of disease was evaluated by histological examination and hematological analysis. Protein expressions in tissues and cells were examined with immunohistochemical and immunoblotting methods, respectively. The levels of cytokines and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) were determined using ELISA and colorimetric kits, respectively. It was found that MAN treatment significantly improved histological conditions, reduced leucocytes counts, relieved oxidative stress, and declined TNF-α levels in ALI rats. Meanwhile, MAN treatment decreased expressions of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and Sirt1 both in vivo and in vitro, which was accompanied with a synchronized decline of NAD and TNF-α. Immunoblotting assay further showed that MAN downregulated HMGB1, TLR4, and p-p65 in RAW 264.7 cells. MAN induced declines of both HMGB1/TLR4/p-p65 and TNF-α were substantially reversed by cotreatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide or NAD. These results suggest that downregulation of NAMPT/NAD by MAN treatments contributes to the alleviation of TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammations in macrophage, which is essential for amelioration of ALI in rats.

scholarly journals The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of KS23, A Novel Peptide Derived From Globular Adiponectin, on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Shi ◽  
Shaopin Zhu ◽  
Huiyi Jin ◽  
Junwei Fang ◽  
Xindan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Globular Adiponectin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Purpose: Adiponectin has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory activities in a range of systemic inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of KS23, a globular adiponectin-derived peptide, on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells.Methods: EIU was induced in Lewis rats by subcutaneous injection of LPS into a single footpad. KS23 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered immediately after LPS induction via intravitreal injection. Twenty-four hours later, clinical and histopathological scores were evaluated, and the aqueous humor (AqH) was collected to determine the infiltrating cells, protein concentration, and levels of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, cultured RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of KS23, inflammatory cytokine levels in the supernatant, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, and the expression of NF-kB signaling pathway components were analyzed.Results: KS23 treatment significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological scores of EIU rats and reduced the levels of infiltration cells, protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the aqueous humor. Consistently, KS23 decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and the phosphorylation of IKKα/β/IκBα/NF-κB.Conclusion: The in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of the peptide KS23 and suggested that KS23 is a compelling, novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ocular inflammation.

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