scholarly journals Therapeutic effects of topically-administered guar gum nanoparticles in oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2305-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Ghosh ◽  
Shinjini Mitra ◽  
Ena Ray Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Macrophage Populations

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease of the skin, involving itchy, reddish and scaly lesions. It mainly affects children and has a high prevalence in developing countries. AD may occur due to environmental or genetic factors. Currently, all therapeutic strategies involve methods to simply alleviate the symptoms, and include lotions and corticosteroids, which have adverse effects. Use of phytochemicals and natural products has not yet been exploited fully. The particle used in this study is derived from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, an edible polysaccharide with a galactomannan component. The mannose component mainly increases its specificity towards cellular uptake by mannose receptors, highly expressed by macrophages. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of guar gum nanoparticles (GN) in vitro and in vivo in AD. Methods: To assess the wound healing capacity of GN, we first treated adherent fibroblast cells, with a scratch injury, with GN. GN successfully healed the wound caused by the scratch. In the in vivo experiments, Balb/c mice ears were treated topically with oxazolone (Oxa) to induce AD, and then were topically treated with GN. The ear thickness increased significantly until day 28 upon treatment with Oxa. Results: Application of GN showed a significant decrease in ear thickness as assessed on day 28. The total cell count of skin cells that showed a fold increase, when treated with Oxa, was again decreased after topical application of GN on the affected skin. The eosinophil count, as assessed by Giemsa staining, was also increased when treated with Oxa, while GN application led to a significant decrease. Serum IgE levels were restored by GN. T helper cell and macrophage populations, when examined by flow cytometry, showed an increase in percentage when treated with Oxa; the percentage was reduced after application of GN. Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining of the ear tissue showed an increase in epidermal thickness in Oxa-treated mice, while GN application showed reduced cellular infiltration and epidermal thickness. Conclusion: Overall, our results showed that GN, when administered topically, was successful in alleviating dermatitis caused by Oxa.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Modified ZnO Quantum Dots and Their In Vitro Photodynamic Tumor Suppressive Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8106
Author(s):  
Tianming Song ◽  
Yawei Qu ◽  
Zhe Ren ◽  
Shuang Yu ◽  
Mingjian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Zno Quantum Dots ◽  
Zno Qds

Despite the numerous available treatments for cancer, many patients succumb to side effects and reoccurrence. Zinc oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) are inexpensive inorganic nanomaterials with potential applications in photodynamic therapy. To verify the photoluminescence of ZnO QDs and determine their inhibitory effect on tumors, we synthesized and characterized ZnO QDs modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone. The photoluminescent properties and reactive oxygen species levels of these ZnO/PVP QDs were also measured. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to test their photodynamic therapeutic effects in SW480 cancer cells and female nude mice. Our results indicate that the ZnO QDs had good photoluminescence and exerted an obvious inhibitory effect on SW480 tumor cells. These findings illustrate the potential applications of ZnO QDs in the fields of photoluminescence and photodynamic therapy.

scholarly journals Methylation of rRNA as a host defense against rampant group II intron retrotransposition

Mobile DNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Waldern ◽  
Dorie Smith ◽  
Carol Lyn Piazza ◽  
E. Jake Bailey ◽  
Nicholas J. Schiraldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Group Ii Intron ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Self Splicing ◽  
Native Host

Abstract Background Group II introns are mobile retroelements, capable of invading new sites in DNA. They are self-splicing ribozymes that complex with an intron-encoded protein to form a ribonucleoprotein that targets DNA after splicing. These molecules can invade DNA site-specifically, through a process known as retrohoming, or can invade ectopic sites through retrotransposition. Retrotransposition, in particular, can be strongly influenced by both environmental and cellular factors. Results To investigate host factors that influence retrotransposition, we performed random insertional mutagenesis using the ISS1 transposon to generate a library of over 1000 mutants in Lactococcus lactis, the native host of the Ll.LtrB group II intron. By screening this library, we identified 92 mutants with increased retrotransposition frequencies (RTP-ups). We found that mutations in amino acid transport and metabolism tended to have increased retrotransposition frequencies. We further explored a subset of these RTP-up mutants, the most striking of which is a mutant in the ribosomal RNA methyltransferase rlmH, which exhibited a reproducible 20-fold increase in retrotransposition frequency. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that ribosomes in the rlmH mutant were defective in the m3Ψ modification and exhibited reduced binding to the intron RNA. Conclusions Taken together, our results reinforce the importance of the native host organism in regulating group II intron retrotransposition. In particular, the evidence from the rlmH mutant suggests a role for ribosome modification in limiting rampant retrotransposition.

scholarly journals Design of a multi-epitope vaccine against cervical cancer using immunoinformatics approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Sanami ◽  
Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei ◽  
Majid Salehi ◽  
Maryam Ghasemi-Dehnoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Epitope Prediction ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Epitope Vaccine ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

AbstractCervical cancer, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), is the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide. While HPV prophylactic vaccines are available, they have no therapeutic effects and do not clear up existing infections. This study aims to design a therapeutic vaccine against cervical cancer using reverse vaccinology. In this study, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins from HPV16 were chosen as the target antigens for epitope prediction. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and helper T lymphocytes (HTL) epitopes were predicted, and the best epitopes were selected based on antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. The final vaccine construct was composed of the selected epitopes, along with the appropriate adjuvant and linkers. The multi-epitope vaccine was evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties, antigenicity, and allergenicity. The tertiary structure of the vaccine construct was predicted. Furthermore, several analyses were also carried out, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and in silico cloning of the vaccine construct. The results showed that the final proposed vaccine could be considered an effective therapeutic vaccine for HPV; however, in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to validate the efficacy of this vaccine candidate.

Potential Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Eupatorium lindleyanum

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Huanhuan Zhong ◽  
Shiqi Fang ◽  
Yunfeng Zheng ◽  
Cunyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Eupatorium lindleyanum has traditionally been used as folk medicine in Asian countries for its therapeutic effects on tracheitis and tonsillitis. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory active constituents from E. lindleyanum led to the isolation of two novel sesquiterpene lactones, named eupalinolide L (1) and eupalinolide M (2), and seven known sesquiterpene lactones (3–9). The structures and configurations of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially 2D NMR techniques. In vivo experiments showed that the sesquiterpenes fraction significantly reduced mouse ear edema induced by xylene (18.6%, p < 0.05). In in vitro assays, compounds 1–9 showed excellent anti-inflammatory activities, as they lowered TNF-α and IL-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.001). The above results suggest that the sesquiterpene lactones from E. lindleyanum can be developed as novel potential natural anti-inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Fermented Flax Seed Oil on NC/Nga Mice with Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joonhyoung Yang ◽  
Sangyeon Min ◽  
Seungug Hong
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Background. Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Objective. This experiment aimed to study the effects of Fermented Flax Seed Oil (FFSO) on symptoms such as redness, eczema, and pruritus induced by AD. Materials and Methods. AD-induced NC/Nga mice were used to observe the immunological and therapeutic effects of FFSO on skin in vivo. Raw 264.7 cells were used to investigate the effects of FFSO in cells. Fc receptor expression and concentration of beta-hexosaminidase were measured. Nitric oxide assay, Western blotting, real-time PCR, image analysis, and statistical analysis were performed in vitro. Results. In the immunohistochemical results, p-ERK 1/2 expression decreased, fibrogenesis strongly increased, and distribution reduction is observed. Distribution of IL-4-positive cells in the corium near the basal portion of the epithelium in the AT group was reduced. FFSO treatment reduced the number of cells showing NF-κB p65 and iNOS expression. The level of LXR in the AT group was higher than that in the AE group, and elevation of PKC expression was significantly reduced by FFSO treatment. Conclusion. FFSO could alleviate symptoms of AD such as epithelial damage, redness, swelling, and pruritus.

scholarly journals The Role of Thermal Effects in Plasma Medical Applications: Biological and Calorimetric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Cordaro ◽  
Gianluca De Masi ◽  
Alessandro Fassina ◽  
Clarice Gareri ◽  
Antonio Pimazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Plasma Medicine tools exploit the therapeutic effects of the exposure of living matter to plasma produced at atmospheric pressure. Since these plasmas are usually characterized by a non-thermal equilibrium (highly energetic electrons, low temperature ions), thermal effects on the substrate are usually considered negligible. Conversely, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), UV radiation and metastables are thought to play a major role. In this contribution, we compare the presence of thermal effects in different operational regimes (corresponding to different power levels) of the Plasma Coagulation Controller (PCC), a plasma source specifically designed for accelerating blood coagulation. In particular, we analyze the application of PCC on human blood samples (in vitro) and male Wistar rats tissues (in vivo). Histological analysis points out, for the highest applied power regime, the onset of detrimental thermal effects such as red cell lysis in blood samples and tissues damages in in-vivo experiments. Calorimetric bench tests performed on metallic targets show that the current coupled by the plasma on the substrate induces most of measured thermal loads through a resistive coupling. Furthermore, the distance between the PCC nozzle and the target is found to strongly affect the total power.

scholarly journals Erythropoietin Mediated Increase in Monocyte-Derived Liver Macrophages; A Role for Kupffer Cells?

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 2201-2201
Author(s):  
Dafna Gilboa ◽  
Yasmin Haim-Ohana ◽  
Nathali Ben-Califa ◽  
Naamit Deshet-Unger ◽  
Sahar Bab-Hiram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Liver Macrophages ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Liver Macrophage ◽  
Surface Receptor ◽  
Macrophage Populations

Abstract Erythropoietin (EPO) is the major hormone that drives mammalian erythropoiesis, via its surface receptor, EPO-R. It is mainly used for treating anemia associated with chronic renal failure and certain malignancies, although this latter indication is currently disputed. EPO-Rs were also found in non-erythroid cells, including dendritic cells and bone marrow macrophages (Lifshitz, 2008; 2010). Here we addressed the effect of EPO on hepatic-macrophages, namely resident liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) and liver monocyte-derived macrophages (MFs). Utilizing the rat Kupffer cell line (RKC-2) we demonstrate that these cells express EPO-R transcripts and cell surface EPO-R, as detected by our novel EPO-R antibody (GM1012; Maxwell 2015). EPO treatment of the RKC-2 cells led to a 1.5±0.06 fold increase (p<0.05) in EPO-R mRNA levels and a 2±0.01 fold decrease (p<0.01) in surface EPO-R levels. Stimulation of the cells with EPO induced a 15%±0.06 (p=0.01) increase in transcript levels of CCL-2 (a chemo attractant for monocytes) and a 15%±0.6 (p<0.05) increase in the levels of the secreted chemokine. EPO treatment also enhanced cellular activity of the RKC-2 cells as manifested in a 50%±0.13 (p<0.01) increase in cell migration, an increase in phagocytosis of microbeads (40%±0.08, p<0.01) and of E.coli (13%±0.05, p<0.01). Finally, in vivo experiments in which C57BL/6 mice were injected 3 times a week with 180U recombinant Human EPO (rHuEPO), demonstrated an EPO-induced selective increase in MFs (19.5%±0.01, p=0.05), but not in Kupffer cells. Elevated CCL-2 in sera of EPO-injected mice (2.1 fold increase, p<0.01) supports a mechanism by which EPO stimulates Kupffer cells to increase secretion of CCL-2, which in turn enhances recruitment of monocytes to the liver and their subsequent differentiation into MFs. The present study points to a new as hitherto unexplored action of EPO on two separate liver macrophage populations (Kupffer cells and MFs) which play crucial and distinct roles in liver homeostasis and immunity as well as in liver pathologies. EPO selective actions on liver macrophages thus call for future studies on the effects of this hormone on inflammation in the liver with a therapeutic goal to enhance liver immunity. Disclosures Mittelman: Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Johnson & Johnson: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effects of bee venom and its major component, melittin, on atopic dermatitis in vivo and in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (23) ◽  
pp. 4310-4324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jin An ◽  
Jung-Yeon Kim ◽  
Woon-Hae Kim ◽  
Mi-Gyeong Gwon ◽  
Hye Min Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

scholarly journals Influence of resveratrol and dihydroquercetin inclusion into phospholipid nanopatricles on their bioavailability and specific activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Guseva ◽  
Yu.Yu. Khudoklinova ◽  
N.V. Medvedeva ◽  
V.S. Baranova ◽  
T.S. Zakharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Load Test ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Phospholipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Donor Plasma

The effects of natural polyphenols, resveratrol (RES) and dihydroquercetin (DHQ), included in phospholipid nanoparticles, have been compared with free substances of RES and DHQ in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Preincubation of healthy donor plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) with RES or DHQ included in phospholipid nanoparticles caused a more pronounced decrease in Cu2+ induced lipid oxidation compared with the free substances, and reduced the formation of lipid peroxides products. Bioavailabilities of RES and DHQ in phospholipid formulations after oral administration in rats were increased by 1.5-2 times. In an acute hypoxia model in mice prophylactic two-week administration of RES or DHQ phospholipid formulations resulted in 25% increase in survival and 1.5-fold increase in catalase activity in brain homogenates compared to free substances. Using the model of endothelial dysfunction in rats induced by L-NAME it was shown, that RES markedly attenuated the inhibition effect of L-NAME on NO synthesis. RES in phospholipid nanoparticles had the same action at a dose 10 times lower compared to free RES. Load test with resistance (clamping of the ascending aorta for 30 sec) showed that phospholipid formulation of RES possessed more pronounced protective effect due to the stimulation of endothelial NO-synthase.

scholarly journals Biomedical Properties of Edible Seaweed in Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention Trials: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Namvar ◽  
Paridah Md. Tahir ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Mahnaz Mahdavi ◽  
Parvin Abedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Edible Seaweed ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

This review article summarizes in vitro and in vivo experiments on seaweed anticancer activity and seaweed chemical components. Seaweed use in cancer therapy, chemopreventive randomized control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments are discussed. The literature reviewed in this article was obtained from various scientific sources and encompasses publications from 2000–2012. Seaweed therapeutic effects were deemed scientifically plausible and may be partially explained by the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies described. Although the mechanisms of action remain unclear, seaweed's anticancer properties may be attributable to its major biologically active metabolites. Much of the seaweed research outlined in this paper can serve as a foundation for explaining seaweed anticancer bioactivity. This review will open doors for developing strategies to treat malignancies using seaweed natural products.

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