scholarly journals Mapping QTL for Root and Shoot Morphological Traits in a Durum Wheat × T. dicoccumSegregating Population at Seedling Stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Iannucci ◽  
Daniela Marone ◽  
Maria Anna Russo ◽  
Pasquale De Vita ◽  
Vito Miullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Segregating Population

A segregating population of 136 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the durum wheat cv. “Simeto” and theT. dicoccumaccession “Molise Colli” was grown in soil and evaluated for a number of shoot and root morphological traits. A total of 17 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for shoot dry weight, number of culms, and plant height and for root dry weight, volume, length, surface area, and number of forks and tips, on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 3A, 4B, 5B, 6A, 6B, and 7B. LODs were 2.1 to 21.6, with percent of explained phenotypic variability between 0.07 and 52. Three QTL were mapped to chromosome 4B, one of which corresponds to theRht-B1locus and has a large impact on both shoot and root traits (LOD 21.6). Other QTL that have specific effects on root morphological traits were also identified. Moreover, meta-QTL analysis was performed to compare the QTL identified in the “Simeto” × “Molise Colli” segregating population with those described in previous studies in wheat, with three novel QTL defined. Due to the complexity of phenotyping for root traits, further studies will be helpful to validate these regions as targets for breeding programs for optimization of root function for field performance.

Cell Size and Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 594e-594
Author(s):  
Charles J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Research is needed to better understand the influence of cell volume and fertility on watermelon transplant size and field performance in order to determine the most economic production practices. `Jubilee' watermelon transplants were grown using a 4 x 4 factorial experimental design consisting of 4 cell volumes (30.7, 65.5, 147.5, and 349.6 cm3) and 4 fertility rates (0, 1/4, 1/2, and full-strength Hoagland's solution). Transplant shoot dry weight significantly increased as cell volume and fertility increased. Increasing cell volume linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early and total harvest in 1995. The average weight per watermelon significantly increased for early-harvested fruit but not for total harvest as cell volume increased in 1995. Soluble solids concentration linearly increased with increasing cell volume for early and total harvests in 1995. Cell volume had no significant influence on the harvest parameters measured in 1997. In 1995, increasing fertility linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early harvests. Increasing fertility increased the soluble solids concentration linearly for early-harvested watermelons in 1997 but not in 1995. Fertility rate had no significant influence on any of the other harvest parameters measured in 1995 and 1997. The growing conditions and disease pressure in 1997 reduced melons/ha, yield, and soluble solids content when compared to 1995 values. The half-strength Hoagland's solution produced the greatest number of watermelons/ha, tons/ha, and the highest soluble solids concentration in 1995 and 1997. Pretransplant nutritional conditioning had no significant effect on total `Jubilee' watermelon production in Louisiana for 1995 and 1997.

Natural variation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for root traitsand biomass partitioning under drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaze A. Sofi ◽  
Iram Saba
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

The present study was undertaken to assess the response of common bean under drought in respect of root traits and biomass partitioning in fifteen common bean genotypes. The basal root whorl number and the number of basal roots was highest in case of WB-185 and lowest in case of SR-1, whereas, the basal root growth angle was highest in case of WB-258 and lowest in case of WB-249. Rooting depth measured as the length of longest root harvested was highest in case of WB-6 (66.2) while as lowest value was recorded for WB-112 (20.4). Dry root weight was highest in case of WB-216 (0.45) and lowest value was recorded for WB-341 (0.22). Similarly leaf biomass was highest in case of WB-6 (0.58) followed by WB-216 (0.58) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.12). Shoot dry weight was highest for WB-6 (0.55) followed by WB-216 (0.44) and the lowest value recorded for WB-1186 (0.118). Pod dry weight was highest for WB-489 (2.28) followed by WB-216 (2.19) and the lowest value recorded for WB-83 (0.68).489. Root biomass proportion was highest for WB-195 (18.34) and lowest for WB-489 (10.00). Similarly leaf biomass to total biomass was highest in case of WB-83 (23.19) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.60). Highest stem biomass proportion was recorded for Arka Anoop (19.19) and the lowest value was recorded for WB-1186 (7.591). Biomass allocation to pods was highest in case of WB-489 (69.92) followed by WB-1186 (68.69) whereas lowest value was recorded for WB-83 (45.40).

scholarly journals Novel approaches to improving growth of pasture legumes at low phosphorus levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
S.N. Nichols ◽  
J.R. Crush
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Strategies to reduce the economic and environmental costs of phosphate (P) fertiliser use in mixed pastures through plant breeding are focussed on inefficiencies in the legume component. One approach is breeding within white clover for root systems with improved P acquisition properties. Selection for root length per unit root weight (specific root length, SRL) showed that higher SRL plants could retain more biomass in the above ground fraction with decreasing soil P, whereas plants with lower SRL diverted more biomass to roots. Back cross 1 (BC1) generation interspecific hybrids between white clover and a wild relative, Trifolium uniflorum L., may possess additional root traits influencing P acquisition. In glasshouse experiments, some T. repens × T. uniflorum hybrids, back-crossed to white clover, also exhibited higher shoot dry weight than their white clover cultivar parents at low nutrient supply levels and low to intermediate soil Olsen P. This, combined with low internal P concentrations, suggests some BC1 hybrids may be more tolerant of low soil P than white clover. Differences in both P acquisition ability and internal P use efficiency may contribute to the observed yield differences. There are good prospects for delivery of new-generation clover cultivars with improved phosphate use efficiency to New Zealand farmers. Keywords: phosphorus, white clover, Trifolium uniflorum, interspecific

scholarly journals The Effects of Mechanical Conditioning on Tomato Transplant Growth and Field Performance

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 776A-776
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Garner ◽  
Thomas Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Mechanical Conditioning ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Processing Tomatoes

Stretching is a problem in high-density transplant production. Mechanical conditioning provides good height control for many crops, but information concerning the dosage and timing of stimulation, and possible effects on field performance are necessary for successful commercial implementation. Mechanical conditioning was applied to processing tomatoes (`Ohio 8245') grown in #288-deep flats (≈2000 plants/m2). Brushing was applied by daily gentle stroking of the plant canopy with a Styrofoam planter flat. The appropriate dose as determined by stroking 0, 10, 20, or 40 times daily back and forth. Twenty strokes provided sufficient height control with minimal plant damage. The interval between strokes was also varied, using 0.6 6, 60, or 600 s. These intervals were all equally effective in reducing the growth rate of the canopy. This broad range provides flexibility in commercial use of this technique. To test for effects on field performance, two methods of conditioning were used: brushing and impedance. Brushing was 20 continuous strokes daily. The impeded plant canopy was compressed slightly by a piece of Plexiglas suspended overnight. The treatments were applied from canopy closure until transplanting to the field. At transplanting, brushed and impeded plants were significantly shorter than control plants without a reduction in shoot dry weight. The treatments did not affect the speed at which the plants grew in the field. Within 5 weeks after transplanting, there were no significant differences between treatments in any measured parameter, including final yield. Therefore, both brushing and impedance provide a flexible and effective method for controlling tomato transplant height without adversely affecting establishment or yield.

scholarly journals QTL underlying iron toxicity tolerance at seedling stage in backcross recombinant inbred lines (BRILs) population of rice using high density genetic map

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12158
Author(s):  
Adnan RASHEED ◽  
Ghulam M. WASSAN ◽  
Hira KHANZADA ◽  
Abdul M. SOLANGI ◽  
Muhammad AAMER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Difference ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Qtl Pyramiding ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Fe Toxicity

Fe is a trace element considered to be essential for rice, and it drives several metabolic processes. Fe toxicity occurs due to excessive Fe ions (Fe2+) and which, disturb cellular homeostasis and dramatically reduces the rice yield. A set of 118 BRILs made from a cross of japonica cv.’02428’ and indica ‘Changhui 891’ was used with high density bin map constructed by using high quality SNP to identify the QTL for Fe toxicity tolerance. As a whole total of 23 QTL were identified for various seedling traits, 3 under control with phenotypic difference ranging from 14.21% to 62.46%, 11 QTL under stress with phenotypic difference ranging from 7.89% to 47.39% and 9 under stressed/control ratio with phenotypic variance ranging from 9.17% to 183.50%. LOD values of QTL ranging from 4.05 to 17.04 in control, 3.41 to 8.09 in stress and 2.84 to131.63 in stress/control ratio. Shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW), were used to estimate the degree of Fe tolerance. Many stable QTL, qSSDW-4, qSSDW-6, qRSDW-4 and qRSDW-6 affecting SDW were detected and beside this some new QTL, qRSFW-1, qRRFW-10 and qRRDW-1 were successfully identified significantly contributing to Fe toxicity tolerance in rice. The results of current study indicated that these novel regions could be transferred via markers assisted section and QTL pyramiding to develop Fe resistant lines in rice.

The effect of wrenching on morphology and field performance of Douglas fir and loblolly pine seedlings

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Tanaka ◽  
J. D. Walstad ◽  
J. E. Borrecco
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Second Year

Second-year Douglas fir and 1st-year loblolly pine nursery stock were undercut and wrenched while actively growing in nursery beds. Their morphology and field performance were compared with Douglas fir seedlings that had been undercut only and with loblolly pine seedlings that had been left intact.The treatment produced shorter, thinner-stemmed loblolly pine seedlings with reduced shoot dry weight. Height, diameter, and shoot dry weight of Douglas fir seedlings were virtually unaffected, but root dry weight was increased substantially. Development of fibrous lateral roots was stimulated in both species. As a consequence, shoot–root ratios were considerably improved, and the seedlings were better conditioned to withstand outplanting. On droughty sites, field survival of Douglas fir was increased by 20 percentage points and loblolly pine by 30 percentage points. Wrenching also extended by several weeks the fall and spring planting periods for loblolly pine and the fall planting period for Douglas fir.

INFLUENCE OF THE MODE OF SALINIZATION ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF FIELD-GROWN PROGENY IN SORGHUM BICOLOR

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Nissim Amzallag ◽  
Avi Nachmias ◽  
Henri Lerner R.
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Late Exposure ◽  
Parent Generation

The offspring of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench plants exposed to 150 mM NaCl eight or twenty-one days following germination were grown in field conditions, and were irrigated with non-saline water. As compared to the offspring of non-treated plants, the progeny of plants early-exposed to NaCl displayed an increase in shoot dry weight and stem height, but some of them showed a significant decrease in fertility. Similar changes were observed, but to a lesser extent, in the offspring of plants late-exposed to salinity. A similar increase in phenotypic variability was observed in populations of progeny from early-and late-treated plants. After verifying that the changes observed did not result from an artifactual selection, it was concluded that the NaCl treatment is able to influence characters expressed during the late development of the plant progeny. The nature of the induced change is discussed in relation to the plant response, adaptation or resistance, induced by the early or late exposure to salinity in the parent generation.

INDUCED MODIFICATIONS IN REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF SALT-TREATED PLANTS OF SORGHUM BICOLOR

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Nissim Amzallag
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Adaptation ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Adaptation Response ◽  
Reproductive Characters

Plants of Sorghum bicolor were grown hydroponically in a solution containing 150 mM NaCl, and the reproductive characters were analyzed at the end of the life cycle. A subpopulation was exposed to salinity on day 8 following germination (early-exposed plants), and another subpopulation was first exposed to salinity on day 21 following germination (late-exposed plants). Fertility and stem height, as determined per g shoot dry weight (DW), were similar for control and late-exposed plants. However, these parameters were largely modified in early-exposed plants. The population of late-exposed plants displayed an increase in phenotypic variability. However, the monomodal structure of the population remained similar to that of the population of control plants. In contrast, a large increase in diversity was observed in the population of early-exposed plants, and the frequency distribution of the reproductive characters appeared as plurimodal for this population. Early exposure to NaCl has been previously shown to induce an increase in salinity tolerance of the plant (termed salt adaptation). This effect was not observed for late-exposed plants. The significance of the induced modifications in reproductive characters is discussed in the light of the salt adaptation response in Sorghum.

GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN DURUM WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. GUMMULURU ◽  
S. JANA ◽  
S. L. A. HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Physiological Characters

Yield and eight other related physiological characters [photosynthetic CO2 exchange rate (CER), stomatal resistance (rs), internal CO2 concentration, water-use efficiency (WUE), chlorophyll a + b content (Chl), specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area and shoot dry weight] were examined in 20 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes grown under nonirrigated and irrigated field conditions in 1986 and 1987. Considerable genetic differences were evident for all characters under both nonirrigated and irrigated field conditions. Significant correlations between the genotype means of the 2 years and no significant genotype × irrigation interaction indicated that the genotypic rankings were generally consistent over different environments. Reduced water availability under nonirrigated conditions decreased yield, CER, shoot dry weight, leaf area, and internal CO2 concentration and increased rs. Genotypes were separated into drought-tolerant or susceptible types based on yield potential and leaf water loss. The drought-tolerant genotypes had higher WUE, Chl, yield, leaf area and shoot dry weight and lower internal CO2 concentration than the drought-susceptible genotypes. The group differences for the characters were significant only under nonirrigated field conditions.Key words: Physiological characters, drought tolerance, wheat (durum) Triticum turgidum L. var. durum

scholarly journals PRETRANSPLANT NO3:NH4 RATIO AND SUPPLEMENTAL CALCIUM INFLUENCE WATERMELON SEEDLING GROWTH, MINERAL COMPOSITION, AND YIELD

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163f-1163
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lamb ◽  
George H. Clough ◽  
Delbert D. Hemphill
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Citrullus Vulgaris ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Supplemental Calcium

The effects of supplemental Ca and varying NO3:N H4 ratios on transplant growth and NH4-N utilization were studied using watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris L. `Crimson Sweet') seeded in plastic multicell trays. The growing media consisted of a commercial peat mix amended with CaCO3 (10% w/v). Fertigation with five NO3:N H4 ratios and five levels of supplemental Ca (4, 8, 12, 16 mmol.) was applied daily in factorial combinations. The highest NO3:N H4 ratio produced greatest shoot dry weight, shoot N, and shoot NO3-N and K concentrations. Increasing NH4 and Ca decreased media pH and increased EC. After 21 days, supplemental Ca decreased shoot N and dry weight, but after 28 days had no effect. Additional Ca increased shoot Ca but decreased Mg and K. Supplemental Ca and N ratio interacted to affect leaf area. Pretransplant N ratio and supplemental Ca effects on seedling field performance, flowering, and yield were evaluated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document