scholarly journals Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance inCampylobacterspp. from a Peruvian Pediatric Cohort

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lluque ◽  
Maribel Riveros ◽  
Ana Prada ◽  
Theresa J. Ochoa ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Almost All

The presence of virulence factors (VFs) and mechanisms of quinolones and macrolide resistance was analyzed inCampylobacterspp. from a pediatric cohort study in Lima. In 149 isolates (39Campylobacter jejuniand 24Campylobacter colifrom diarrheic cases; 57C. jejuniand 29C. colifrom controls), the presence of thecdtABCandcadFgenes andiammarker was established. Nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and azithromycin susceptibilities were established in 115 isolates and tetracycline-susceptibility was established in 100 isolates. The presence of mutations in thegyrA,parC,and23S rRNAgenes was determined. ThecadFgene and all genes from thecdtABCoperon were significantly more frequent amongC. jejuni(P<0.0001); theiammarker was more frequent inC. coli(P<0.0001). No differences were observed in VFs between cases and controls. Almost all isolates were tetracycline-resistant; nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance reached levels of 90.4% and 88.7%, respectively. Resistance to macrolides was 13% (C. jejuni4.3%;C. coli26.1%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was related to GyrA Thr86 substitutions, while 13 of 15 macrolide-resistant isolates possessed a23S rRNAmutation (A2075G). Differences in the presence of VFs and alarming levels of resistance to tested antimicrobial agents were observed amongC. jejuniandC. coli.

Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Hog, Beef, and Chicken Carcass Samples from Provincially Inspected Abattoirs in Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. LARKIN ◽  
C. van DONKERSGOED ◽  
A. MAHDI ◽  
P. JOHNSON ◽  
B. McNAB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne infection in the United States, and there are reports of resistance of Campylobacter spp. to antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of gastroenteritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcasses from provincially inspected abattoirs in Ontario. The agar dilution method was performed to measure antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from hogs (n = 401), beef (n = 21), and chicken (n = 435) to ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline was determined. Resistance of chicken, hog, and beef isolates was 14.3, 18.2, and 9.5% to ampicillin; 17.9, 67.3, and 38.1% to azithromycin; 0, 0.5, and 0% to chloramphenicol; 3.7, 1.2, and 0% to ciprofloxacin; 2.3, 46.6, and 4.8% to clindamycin; 6.7, 43.6, and 4.8% to erythromycin; 0.2, 0, and 0% to gentamicin; 5.1, 10.7, and 0% to nalidixic acid; 13.6, 57.4, and 4.8% to streptomycin; and 52.6, 44.1, 42.9% to tetracycline, respectively. The hog isolates had the greatest resistance to seven of the ten antimicrobials tested. Results of this study confirm the existence of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter to various antimicrobial agents, especially ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, commonly used for treatment of campylobacteriosis in humans.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1451-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
KINGA WIECZOREK ◽  
IWONA KANIA ◽  
JACEK OSEK
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Retail Chicken in Two Health Units in Ontario

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE DECKERT ◽  
ALFONSO VALDIVIESO-GARCIA ◽  
RICHARD REID-SMITH ◽  
SUSAN TAMBLYN ◽  
PATRICK SELISKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Lari ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. A 2-year multidisciplinary study was conducted in the Perth and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph public health units in Ontario, Canada, to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken. Retail chicken samples were collected from randomly selected stores in these health units. Resulting Campylobacter isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLI), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), nalidixic acid (NAL), tetracycline (TCY), and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT) using the E test. The prevalence of Campylobacter in 1,256 retail chicken samples was 59.6%. Of these positive samples, 9% contained Campylobacter coli, 1% contained Campylobacter lari, and 90% contained Campylobacter jejuni. Of the chicken isolates that were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, 301 isolates (40%) were resistant to one agent, 374 (50%) were resistant to two, 39 (5%) were resistant to three, 20 (3%) were resistant to four, and 6 (1%) were resistant to five. Nine isolates (1%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were susceptible to AMC, CHL, and GEN. Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to NAL, CIP, CLI, ERY, and AMP. Resistance to TCY was common (56%). No isolates had a resistance pattern that included all three antimicrobials important in the treatment of human campylobacteriosis (CIP, ERY, and TCY); however, 24 isolates (3.2%) were resistant to at least two of these antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Peru

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willi Quino ◽  
Junior Caro-Castro ◽  
Verónica Hurtado ◽  
Diana Flores-León ◽  
Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

Campylobacter is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and has a major impact on global public health. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool applied in the study of foodborne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to apply WGS to determine the genetic diversity, virulence factors and determinants of antimicrobial resistance of the populations of C. jejuni and C. coli in Peru. A total of 129 Campylobacter strains (108 C. jejuni and 21 C. coli) were sequenced using Illumina Miseq platform. In silico MLST analysis identified a high genetic diversity among those strains with 30 sequence types (STs), several of them within 11 clonal complexes (CC) for C. jejuni, while the strains of C. coli belonged to a single CC with 8 different STs. Phylogeny analysis showed that Peruvian C. jejuni strains were divided into 2 clades with 5 populations, while C. coli formed a single clade with 4 populations. Furthermore, in silico analyses showed the presence of several genes associated with adherence, colonization and invasion among both species: cadF (83.7%), jlpA (81.4%), racR (100%), dnaJ (83.7%), pebA (83.7%), pldA (82.1%), porA (84.5%), ceuE (82.9%), ciaB (78.3%), iamB (86.8%), and flaC (100%). The majority (82.9%) of the Campylobacter strains carried the cdtABC operon which code for cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Half of them (50.4%) carried genes associated with the presence of T6SS, while the frequency of genes associated with T4SS were relatively low (11.6%). Genetic markers associated with resistance to quinolones, tetracycline (tetO, tetW/N/W), beta-lactamases (blaoxa–61), macrolides (A2075G in 23S rRNA) were found in 94.5, 21.7, 66.7, 6.2, 69.8, and 18.6% of strains, respectively. The cmeABC multidrug efflux operon was present in 78.3% of strains. This study highlights the importance of using WGS in the surveillance of emerging pathogens associated with foodborne diseases, providing genomic information on genetic diversity, virulence mechanisms and determinants of antimicrobial resistance. The description of several Campylobacter genotypes having many virulence factors and resistance to quinolones and tetracyclines circulating in Peru provides important information which helps in the monitoring, control and prevention strategies of this emerging pathogen in our country.

scholarly journals Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli found in chilled chicken carcasses in the Federal District Region and surrounding areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2247
Author(s):  
Patricia Renault Silva ◽  
Joana Marchesini Palma ◽  
Nara Rubia Souza ◽  
Helenira Melo de Moura ◽  
Simone Perecmanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Surrounding Areas

This study aimed to isolate Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from chilled chicken carcasses marketed in the Federal District Region and surrounding areas, as well as to detect the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and genes responsible for the same. A total of 105 chilled chicken carcasses were collected, of which 7 (6.67%) were positive for C. jejuni and 4 (3.81%) were positive for C. coli. These results were obtained using both the conventional microbiological isolation method and polymerase chain reaction assays. All of the positive strains were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing for seven antimicrobials. The resistance incidences found in the C. jejuni strains were as follows: 71.43% for tetracycline and nalidixic acid, 42.86% for streptomycin and gentamicin, 57.14% for ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, and 28.57% for chloramphenicol. Among the C. coli strains, 100% were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin, 75% were resistant to erythromycin, 50% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid, and no strains were resistant to chloramphenicol. While analyzing the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolated C. jejuni strains, the aph3-1 (resistance to aminoglycosides), aadE (resistance to streptomycin), and tet(O) (resistance to tetracycline) genes were identified, with occurrence rates of 57.14%, 28.57%, and 42.86%, respectively, whereas in the C. coli strains, there was a 25% occurrence rate for both the aph3-1 and tet(O) genes. The aadE gene was not found in the C. coli isolates. The results of this study demonstrated the presence of C. jejuni and C. coli in chilled chicken carcasses marketed in the Federal District Region and surrounding areas, as well as the antimicrobial resistance and the presence of resistance genes in these bacteria, which may pose threats to public health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Strains Isolated in 1991 and 2001-2002 from Poultry and Humans in Berlin, Germany

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 3825-3830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Luber ◽  
Jutta Wagner ◽  
Helmut Hahn ◽  
Edda Bartelt
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Sampling Times

ABSTRACT The susceptibilities of 430 Campylobacter jejuni strains and 79 C. coli strains to six antimicrobial agents were tested and analyzed. The two sets of strains originated from retail market chicken and turkey samples and from humans, respectively, in Berlin, Germany. Two groups of isolates, one dating from 1991 and the other dating from 2001-2002, were tested. Of the Campylobacter sp. isolates recovered from humans in 2001-2002, 45.1% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 37.8% were resistant to tetracycline, 12.8% were resistant to ampicillin, and 50.0% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, while the overall rate of resistance to erythromycin was 6.1%. During the 10 years between the two sampling times, the rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin (P< 0.001), ampicillin (P = 0.035), and tetracycline (P = 0.01) increased significantly among strains isolated from humans. Furthermore, among human C. coli strains the rate of resistance to erythromycin rose from 7.1% in 1991 to 29.4% in 2001-2002. In comparison, Campylobacter sp. isolates from poultry already had high rates of resistance in 1991. Different rates of resistance to tetracycline among isolates from chickens and turkeys suggested the development of resistance during antimicrobial treatment in food animals. Thus, discrepancies in the antimicrobial resistance rates among Campylobacter isolates originating from poultry and humans support the hypothesis that at least some of the resistant Campylobacter strains causing infection in humans come from sources other than poultry products.

scholarly journals Genomic analysis of the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of clinical Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Bravo ◽  
Assaf Katz ◽  
Lorena Porte ◽  
Thomas Weitzel ◽  
Carmen Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South America ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clinical Strains

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the leading cause of human gastroenteritis in the industrialized world and an emerging threat in developing countries. The incidence of campylobacteriosis in South America is greatly underestimated, mostly due to the lack of adequate diagnostic methods. Accordingly, there is limited genomic and epidemiological data from this region. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the genetic diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the largest collection of clinical C. jejuni and C. coli strains from Chile available to date (n=81), collected in 2017-2019 in Santiago, Chile. This culture collection accounts for over a third of the genome sequences available of clinical strains from South America. cgMLST analysis identified high genetic diversity as well as 13 novel STs and alleles in both C. jejuni and C. coli. Pangenome and virulome analyses showed a differential distribution of virulence factors, including both plasmid and chromosomally encoded T6SSs and T4SSs. Resistome analysis predicted widespread resistance to fluoroquinolones, but low rates of erythromycin resistance. This study provides valuable genomic and epidemiological data and highlights the need for further genomic epidemiology studies in Chile and other South American countries to better understand molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of this emerging intestinal pathogen.AUTHOR SUMMARYCampylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and an emerging and neglected pathogen in South America. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genome sequences of 69 C. jejuni and 12 C. coli clinical strains isolated from Chile, which account for over a third of the sequences from clinical strains available from South America. We identified a high genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and the unexpected identification of clade 3 C. coli strains, which are infrequently isolated from humans in other regions of the world. Most strains harbored the virulence factors described for Campylobacter. While ~40% of strains harbored mutation in the gyrA gene described to confer fluoroquinolone resistance, very few strains encoded the determinants linked to macrolide resistance, currently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. Our study contributes to our knowledge of this important foodborne pathogen providing valuable data from South America.

scholarly journals Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from domestic animals from Southern Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorayda Toledo ◽  
Rosa Janneth Simaluiza ◽  
Heriberto Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Additional Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

ABSTRACT: Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of dogs, pigs, cows and hens in southern Ecuador were studied. Of the 250 samples studied, 84 (33.6%) were Campylobacter positive, with C. jejuni being more frequent (78.6%) than C. coli (21.4%), with the exception of porcine samples, from which C. coli was the only species isolated. Multidrug resistance was reported in 10 Campylobacter strains (11.9%), four C. jejuni and six C. coli, and was always associated with nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance. All of the amoxicillin-resistant strains were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and were therefore beta-lactamase producers. However, one strain of C. jejuni remained resistant with additional resistance to gentamycin. This is an uncommon resistance pattern in Campylobacter and could reflect different resistance mechanisms.

Serotype distribution and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance inShigellaisolated from Henan province, China, 2001–2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 1946-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. YANG ◽  
W. SUN ◽  
G. DUAN ◽  
J. ZHU ◽  
W. ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Pipemidic Acid ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARYThe serotype distribution and susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents of 526 isolates ofShigellaspp. from four hospitals in Sun county, Henan province, China during 2001–2008, were analysed to identify associations of serotypes with resistance trends.S.flexneriwas the most frequent species (92·4%), the remainder wasS.sonnei. The prevalent serotype ofS.flexneriwas 2a (26·7%). Almost all (>99%) isolates were resistant to tetracycline, nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid; >80% were resistant to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole but less than 5% were resistant to polymyxin B, furazolidone, cefotaxime and gentamicin.S.flexnerishowed statistically significant higher resistance thanS.sonneito amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin but resistance to co-trimoxazole was more common inS.sonneithan inS.flexneri. These results emphasize that monitoring of emerging resistance inShigellaisolates is essential for timely and appropriate recommendations for antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals Whole genome-based characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Medelin Ocejo ◽  
Beatriz Oporto ◽  
José Luis Lavín ◽  
Ana Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractCampylobacter, a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans, asymptomatically colonises the intestinal tract of a wide range of animals.Although antimicrobial treatment is restricted to severe cases, the increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern. Considering the significant contribution of ruminants as reservoirs of resistant Campylobacter, Illumina whole-genome sequencing was used to characterise the mechanisms of AMR in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli recovered from beef cattle, dairy cattle, and sheep in northern Spain. Genome analysis showed extensive genetic diversity that clearly separated both species. Resistance genotypes were identified by screening assembled sequences with BLASTn and ABRicate, and additional sequence alignments were performed to search for frameshift mutations and gene modifications. A high correlation was observed between phenotypic resistance to a given antimicrobial and the presence of the corresponding known resistance genes. Detailed sequence analysis allowed us to detect the recently described mosaic tet(O/M/O) gene in one C. coli, describe possible new alleles of blaOXA-61-like genes, and decipher the genetic context of aminoglycoside resistance genes, as well as the plasmid/chromosomal location of the different AMR genes and their implication for resistance spread. Updated resistance gene databases and detailed analysis of the matched open reading frames are needed to avoid errors when using WGS-based analysis pipelines for AMR detection in the absence of phenotypic data.

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