scholarly journals Nutraceutical, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immune Modulatory Effects ofβ-Glucan Isolated fromYeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Bacha ◽  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Sanaullah Iqbal ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Bile Acid Binding ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

β-Glucan is a dietary fibre, found in many natural sources, and controls chronic metabolic diseases effectively. However,β-glucan from theyeasthas rarely been investigated. Objectively, conditions were optimized to isolateβ-glucan from the yeast (max. 66% yield); those optimized conditions included 1.0 M NaOH, pH 7.0, and 90°C. The purity and identity of the isolatedβ-glucan were characterized through FT-IR, SEM, DSC, and physicofunctional properties. The obtained results from DSC revealed highly stableβ-glucan (m.p., 125°C) with antioxidant activity (TAC value 0.240 ± 0.0021 µg/mg, H2O2scavenging 38%), which has promising bile acid binding 40.463% and glucose control (in vitro). In line with these results, we evaluated the in vivo anti-inflammatory potential, that is, myeloperoxidase activity and reduction in MDA and NO; protective effect on proteins and keeping viscosity within normal range exhibited improvement. Also, the in vivo cholesterol binding and reduction in the skin thickness byβ-glucan were highly encouraging. Finally, our results confirmed that yeastβ-glucan is effective against some of the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers studied in this investigation. In general, the effect of 4%  β-glucan was more noticeable versus 2%  β-glucan. Therefore, our results support the utilization ofβ-glucan as a novel, economically cheap, and functional food ingredient.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF KNEMA ATTENUATA (HOOK. F. AND THOMSON) WARB ETHANOLIC STEM BARK EXTRACT IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA RAJA H
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Knema attenuata (Myristicaceae), popularly known as “wild nutmeg,” is an endemic tree species from Western Ghats, which has been used in folk medicine. Conventionally, the stem bark of K. attenuata is used for treating inflammatory conditions without any scientific information available for the same. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic stem bark extract (ESBE) of K. attenuata using in vivo and in vitro screening models. Methods: The ethanolic extract of stem bark was prepared by soxhlation, and its cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cell line was assessed using MTT assay method. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of extract was estimated in rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema model and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition assay, estimation of myeloperoxidase activity, and determination of cellular nitrite levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results: Toxic symptoms were not observed for the ESBE. The extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. The anti-inflammatory action exhibited by the extract was a result of the inhibition of leukocyte migration and nitric oxide pathway and partially by inhibition of mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Conclusion: Findings from the study provide the evidence for the popular use of stem bark extract of K. attenuata as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

scholarly journals The effects of disodium pamidronate on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets: An in vitro study

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Salvolini ◽  
Monia Orciani ◽  
Arianna Vignini ◽  
Roberto Primio ◽  
Laura Mazzanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
No Production ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase

AbstractRecent reports have indicated that, as well as having antiresorptive effects, bisphosphonates could have an application as anti-inflammatory drugs. Our aim was to investigate whether this anti-inflammatory action could be mediated by the nitric oxide (NO) released by the leukocytes migrating to the site of inflammation. In particular, we investigated in vitro the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), the level of NO released by PMN and platelets, and the PMN myeloperoxidase activity after incubation with disodium pamidronate, since there was a postulated modulatory effect of this aminosubstituted bisphosphonate on leukocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Our data shows that the pamidronate treatment provoked a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i parallel to the enhancement in NO release, suggesting a possible activation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase, while the myeloperoxidase activity was significantly reduced. In conclusion, we hypothesized that treatment with pamidronate could stimulate NO-production by cells present near the bone compartment, thus constituting a protective mechanism against bone resorption occurring during inflammation. In addition, PMN- and platelet-derived NO could act as a negative feed-back signal to restrict the inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of a Standardized Alkaloid-Enriched Fraction Obtained from Boehmeria caudata Sw. Aerial Parts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 4018
Author(s):  
Paula P. de Paiva ◽  
Julia H. B. Nunes ◽  
Fabiana R. Nonato ◽  
Ana L. T. G. Ruiz ◽  
Rafael R. T. Zafred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Tumor ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In the context of the cancer-inflammation relationship and the use of natural products as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, the alkaloid-enriched fraction of Boehmeriacaudata (BcAEF) aerial parts was evaluated. In vitro antiproliferative studies with human tumor cell lines showed high activity at low concentrations. Further investigation on NCI-H460 cells showed an irreversible effect on cell proliferation, with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and programmed cell death induction. Molecular docking studies of four alkaloids identified in BcAEF with colchicine’s binding site on β-tubulin were performed, suggesting (−)-C (15R)-hydroxycryptopleurine as the main inductor of the observed mitotic death. In vivo studies showed that BcAEF was able to reduce Ehrlich tumor volume progression by 30 to 40%. Checking myeloperoxidase activity, BcAEF reduced neutrophils migration towards the tumor. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by chemically induced edema models. In croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenan (CG)-induced paw edema models, BcAEF reduced edema around 70 to 80% together with inhibition of activation and/or migration of neutrophils to the inflammatory area. All together the results presented herein show BcAEF as a potent antitumor agent combining antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, which could be further explored in (pre)clinical studies.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Babassu Oil (Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex Spreng., Arecaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
José Alex A. Santos ◽  
José Wellinton da Silva ◽  
Simone Maria dos Santos ◽  
Maria de Fátima Rodrigues ◽  
Camila Joyce A. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Babassu Oil ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng., Arecaceae) is a palm tree endemic to Brazil and found mainly in the borders of Amazon forest, where the harvesting of its fruits is an important source of income for more than 300,000 people. Among the communities of coconut breakers women, babassu oil is used in culinary, as fuel, and mostly as medicinal oil for the treatment of skin wounds and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the wound healing effects of babassu oil. In vitro, babassu oil increased the migration of L929 fibroblasts, inhibited the production of nitric oxide by LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, and increased the levels of INF-γ and IL-6 cytokines production. In vivo, babassu oil accelerated the healing process in a full-thickness splinted wound model, by an increase in the fibroblasts number, blood vessels, and collagen deposition in the wounds. The babassu oil also increased the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the wound site and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in a chronic ear edema model, reducing ear thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, and myeloperoxidase activity. Thus, these data corroborate the use of babassu oil in folk medicine as a remedy to treat skin wounds.

scholarly journals BG-4 from Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) Differentially Affects Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Nieto-Veloza ◽  
Zhihong Wang ◽  
Qixin Zhong ◽  
Hari B. Krishnan ◽  
Vermont P. Dia
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Local Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

BG-4 isolated from bitter gourd has been reported for anti-cancer properties. The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of BG-4 in vitro and in vivo. Comparative study of the anti-inflammatory properties of BG-4 in vitro and in vivo was conducted on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophages, and on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. BG-4 reduced the production of pro-inflammatory markers in LPS-activated macrophages. On the other hand, intraperitoneal administration of BG-4 in DSS-induced colitis led to colon shortening, elevated neutrophils infiltration and myeloperoxidase activity, presence of blood in the stool, and loss of body weight, with differential systemic and local effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo. The results demonstrated that BG-4 differentially affected inflammation in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Potential Anti-Obesity, Anti-Steatosis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ana Regueiras ◽  
Álvaro Huguet ◽  
Tiago Conde ◽  
Daniela Couto ◽  
Pedro Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization of Novel N'(2-Phenoxyacetyl)Nicotinohydrazide and N'(2-Phenoxyacetyl)Isonicotinohydrazide Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Pallavi ◽  
Fares Hezam Al-Ostoot ◽  
Hamse Kameshwar Vivek ◽  
Shaukath Ara Khanum
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract A new derivatives of isonicotinohydrazide 9 (a-e) and 10(a-e) were designed, synthesized, characterized based on the different spectroscopic analysis FT-IR, -1H, -13C-NMR, mass spectra, and also elemental-analyses, and identified as a remarkable anti-inflammatory along with analgesic effect. In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions were performed using analgesic acetic acid-induced squirming and Hot plate latency tests using male Swiss albino mice. The study was supported by the in-silico and ADMET approaches. Among the series, compound (10e) showed the highest IC50 value for COX-1 inhibition, whereas compounds (9e) and (10e) exhibited the highest COX-2 SI. Further, in silico studies provide a putative bind site for the potent compound in a three-dimensional geometrical view. The results revealed that the title compound (10e) with bromo group exhibited potent COX-2 inhibitor at different times which is on par with the normal drug used in the assay system. Substitution of halogens at N’(2-phenoxyacetyl)nicotinohyrazide showed (10e) potent analgesic outcome on acetic acid-induced squirming response and thermal pain among the series 9(a-e) and 10(a-e). The overall pharmacological result suggests that the newly synthesized compounds possess good anti-inflammatory along with analgesic-activity which was evaluated through in-vitro, in-vivo, and --silico studies.

scholarly journals In Vivo Pharmacological and Anti-inflammatory Evaluation of Xerophyte Plantago sempervirens Crantz

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca D. Farcaș ◽  
Augustin C. Moț ◽  
Alina E. Pârvu ◽  
Vlad Al. Toma ◽  
Mirel A. Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Known for centuries throughout the world, Plantago species have long been used as traditional herbal remedies for many diseases related to inflammatory conditions of the skin, respiratory and digestive tract, or even malignancy. This study is aimed first at investigating the in vitro antioxidant and regenerative effects of Plantago sempervirens Crantz hydroalcoholic extract followed by an in vivo experiment using a turpentine oil-induced inflammation model. The in vitro evaluation for antioxidant activity was performed using classical assays such as DPPH and TEAC scavenging assays but also EPR, and the total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The wound healing assay was performed on human cells (Human EA.hy926). Besides, the prooxidant activity was determined using a method which involves in situ free radical generation by laccase and the oxidation of haemoglobin. On turpentine oil-induced inflammation in rats, the in vivo effects of three doses of P. sempervirens extracts (100%, 50%, and 25%) were assessed by measuring oxidative stress (MDA, TOS, OSI, NO, CAT, and SOD) and inflammatory (CRP, WBC, and NEU) parameters. Having a rich polyphenolic content, the xerophyte P. sempervirens exhibited a strong in vitro antioxidant activity by scavenging radicals, enhancing cell regeneration, and reducing oxidative stress markers. Diluted P. sempervirens extract (25%) exhibited the best antioxidant, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activity.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Properties of a γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Enriched Strawberry Juice Produced by Levilactobacillus brevis CRL 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo G. Cataldo ◽  
Julio Villena ◽  
Mariano Elean ◽  
Graciela Savoy de Giori ◽  
Lucila Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Strawberry Juice

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role in mammals as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Although GABA may not be able to cross the human blood-brain barrier, it was approved as a food ingredient because of its benefits to the host after oral administration including anti-hypertensive, anti-depressant and anti-inflammatory activities. Considering the current trend toward the development of new functional and natural products and that microbial fermentation is one of the most promising methods to produce this non-protein amino acid, the in situ production of GABA through fermentation of strawberry and blueberry juices by the efficient GABA producer strain, Levilactobacillus brevis (formerly known as Lactobacillus brevis) CRL 2013, was evaluated. A high GABA production (262 mM GABA) was obtained after fermenting strawberry juice supplemented with yeast extract for 168 h, being GABA yield significantly higher in strawberry juices than in the blueberry ones. Thus, GABA-enriched fermented strawberry juice (FSJ) was selected to carry out in vivo and in vitro studies. The in vitro functional analysis of the GABA-enriched FSJ demonstrated its ability to significantly decrease the expression of cox-2 gene in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, in vivo studies in mice demonstrated that both, L. brevis CRL 2013 and the GABA-enriched FSJ were capable of reducing the levels of peritoneal, intestinal and serum TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL1, and increasing IL-10 and IFN-γ in mice exposed to an intraperitoneal challenge of LPS. Of note, the GABA-enriched FSJ was more efficient than the CRL 2013 strain to reduce the pro-inflammatory factors and enhance IL-10 production. These results indicated that the CRL 2013 strain exerts anti-inflammatory effects in the context of LPS stimulation and that this effect is potentiated by fermentation. Our results support the potential use of L. brevis CRL 2013 as an immunomodulatory starter culture and strawberry juice as a remarkable vegetable matrix for the manufacture of GABA-enriched fermented functional foods capable of differentially modulating the inflammatory response triggered by TLR4 activation.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Lotus corniculatus on Paracetamol-induced Hepatitis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Nacera Baali ◽  
Abderahmane Mezrag ◽  
Mohamed Bouheroum ◽  
Fadila Benayache ◽  
Samir Benayache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of liver diseases for a long time. The current study was elaborated to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Lotus corniculatus (L. corniculatus) butanolic extract. Methods: The in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of L. corniculatus were investigated by employing DPPH radical scavenging, H2O2 scavenging and BSA denaturation assays. In vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of L. corniculatus were evaluated against paracetamol (APAP)-induced hepatitis in rats. L.corniculatus at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg was administered orally once daily for seven days. Serum transaminases (AST and ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin levels, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S- transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and inflammatory markers, such as serum Creactive protein (CRP), circulating and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were investigated. Further histopathological analysis of the liver sections was performed to support the effectiveness of L. corniculatus. Results: L. corniculatus exhibited strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In the in vivo study, our findings demonstrate that L. corniculatus (100 and 200 mg/kg) administration led to an amelioration of APAP effects on liver histology, liver functions parameters (AST, ALT, LDH, and total bilirubin levels) and liver oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, GST and SOD levels). Furthermore, serum CRP, circulating MPO and liver MPO levels were declined by both doses of L. corniculatus extract. The best benefits were observed with 200 mg/kg of L. corniculatus extract. Conclusion: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of L. corniculatus extract may be due to the presence of active components.

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