scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity ofCroton macrostachyusStem Bark Extracts againstPlasmodium berghei In Vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Moses M. Ngeiywa ◽  
Paul Kiprono ◽  
Sabah Omar ◽  
Atte von Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Different Doses

There is an increasing need for innovative drug and prophylaxis discovery against malaria. The aim of the present study was to testin vivoantiplasmodial activity ofCroton macrostachyusH. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark extracts from Kenyan folkloric medicine. Inbred Balb/c mice were inoculated with erythrocytes parasitized withPlasmodium berghei(ANKA). Different doses (500, 250, and 100 mg/kg) ofC. macrostachyusethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous, and isobutanol extracts were administrated either after inoculation (Peters’ 4-day suppressive test) or before inoculation (chemoprotective test) of the parasitized erythrocytes. All the extracts showed significant suppression of parasitemia compared to control (p<0.001): for the ethyl acetate extract in the range of 58–82%, for the methanol extract in the range of 27–68%, for the aqueous extract in the range of 24–72%, and for the isobutanol extract in the range of 61–80%. Chemoprotective effect was significant (p<0.001) and the suppression caused by the ethyl acetate extract was between 74 and 100%, by the methanol extract between 57 and 83%, and by the isobutanol extract between 86–92%. The study showed that it is possible to inhibit the growth of the parasites by various stem bark extracts ofC. macrostachyusin Balb/c mice supporting the folkloric use of the plant against malaria.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract and Fraction of Bidens pilosa against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽  
Yamssi Cédric ◽  
Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽  
Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽  
Mounvera Abdel Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bidens Pilosa

Background. Malaria is one of the most critical diseases causing about 219 million cases worldwide in developing countries. The spread and development of resistance against chemical antimalarial drugs is one of the major problems associated with malaria control. The present study was to investigate the antimalarial efficacy of ethyl acetate extract and one fraction of Bidens pilosa in vivo in order to support the usage of this plant by traditional healers to treat malaria. Methods. The extracts were prepared by maceration of B. pilosa leaf powder in ethyl acetate. The liquid filtrate of the extract and the best in vitro antiplasmodial fraction using HPLC were concentrated and evaporated using a rotavapor under vacuum to dryness. The antimalarial activity of B. pilosa plant products were evaluated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infected mice according to the Peter and Rane test. The antimalarial efficacy of the a selected crude extract (ethyl acetate extract) was evaluated at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, while a selected fraction from ethyl acetate extract (fraction 12) was evaluated at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg. Blood from experimental animals was collected to assess hematological parameters. Results. The crude extract of ethyl acetate and fraction 12 demonstrated 100% in vivo parasite suppressive activity at doses of 500 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg, respectively, for the crude extract and fraction 12. The mice treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg had their parasitemia (intraerythrocytic phase of P. Berghei) drop considerably, disappearing by the 8th day in mice receiving 500 mg/kg. The ethyl acetate extract of B. pilosa, fraction 12 showed an even higher antiplasmodial activity. By the 5th day of the experiment, the treatment led to a modification of hematological parameters in mice. The chloroquine (5 mg/kg), fraction 12 (125 mg/kg), and the crude extract (500 mg/kg) groups all survived the 30 days of the experiment, while the negative control group registered 100% of the deaths. Conclusion. This study scientifically supports the use of Bidens pilosa leaves in the traditional treatment of malaria. However, the mode of action and in vivo toxicity of the plant still need to be assessed.

Investigation on the antimalarial properties of Plumeria alba Linn (apocynaceae) cultivated in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
S.A. Adesida ◽  
S.A. Odediran ◽  
A.A. Elujoba
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Effective Doses

Many of the African antimalarial ethno medicinal plants are good sources of promising antimalarial compounds. The stem bark of Plumeria alba Linn, was evaluated for in vivo chemosuppressive antimalarial activities in order to identify the most active solvent  fraction from which antimalarial constituents can be isolated. The stem-bark of Plumeria alba Linn, family Apocynaceae was   collected, air-dried, powdered, macerated in methanol and the extract concentrated in vacuo. The acute toxicity study was   performed on the extract using Lorke’s method. The extract was thereafter tested for chemosuppressive antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei berghei NK65- infected mice using Peter’s four-day test at doses 100-800 mg /kg with normal saline (0.2 ml) and chloroquine (10 mg/kg) as negative and positive control drugs respectively. The average percentage parasitaemia, percentage chemosuppression and effective doses (ED50 and ED90), the survival times and percentage survivors elicited in all the  mice were  determined as indices of antimalarial activity. The active extract was  subsequently partitioned successively into n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol. The respective partitioned fractions with the aqueous phase were also tested as above at doses 0-80 mg/kg. All results were  subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA with Student Newman Keul’s post hoc test. Crude extracts of P. alba gave considerable reduction of percentage parasitaemia up to 200 mg/kg. The percentage  chemosuppression at all doses, were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the negative but lower than the positive control with 200 mg/kg dose showing the highest activity of 65.88 %. The effective doses, ED50 and ED90 were  305.82±9.99 and 389.74± 9.60, respectively. The most active n-hexane partitioned fraction elicited a percentage chemosuppression of 67.75 and a significantly lower (p<0.05) ED50 and ED90 of 31.27±0.85 and 54.80±1.75 mg/kg. The butanol and ethyl acetate partitioned fractions gave significantly higher (p<0.05) survival time value than those of the crude extract, other partition fractions and the positive control, while the n-hexane, dichloromethane and the aqueous, just like chloroquine, gave high percentage survivors. The study concluded that Plumeria alba stem-bark extract was active as an antimalarial drug with its antiplasmodial and the survival time–enhancing activity concentrated in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate with butanol partitioned fractions respectively, thus confirming and justifying its ethnomedical application in malaria.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity ofCocos nuciferaHusk Fibre: Further Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Adebayo ◽  
E. A. Balogun ◽  
S. O. Malomo ◽  
A. O. Soladoye ◽  
L. A. Olatunji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Extract Fraction

In this study, the antimalarial and toxicity potentials of husk fibre extracts of five Nigerian varieties ofCocos nuciferawere evaluatedin vitro. The only active extract fraction, West African Tall (WAT) ethyl acetate extract fraction, was then evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antimalarial and toxicity potentials at varying doses (31.25–500 mg/kg body weight) using various organ function indices. The results revealed that WAT ethyl acetate extract fraction (WATEAEF) contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids and was active againstPlasmodium falciparumW2 strain maintained in continuous culture, with a selectivity index of 30.3. The same extract fraction was activein vivoagainstPlasmodium bergheiNK65, causing more than 50% reduction in parasitaemia on days 4 and 6 after inoculation at various doses administered. WATEAEF did not significantly alter (P>0.05) function indices of the liver and cardiovascular system at all doses administered but significantly increased (P<0.05) plasma creatinine concentration at 250 and 500 mg/Kg body weight compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that WATEAEF possesses antimalarial activity and may not adversely affect normal liver function nor predispose subjects to cardiovascular diseases but may impair normal kidney function at higher doses. Further studies are underway to isolate the active principles.

scholarly journals Biopotential of Bersama abyssinica Fresen Stem Bark Extracts: UHPLC Profiles, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Antiproliferative Propensities

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan ◽  
Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽  
Giustino Orlando ◽  
Kouadio Bene ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Hct116 Cell ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Bersama Abyssinica

In this study, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Bersama abyssinica (Melianthaceae) stem bark were screened for enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties. The water extract possessed the highest concentration of phenols (230.83 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract), while the methanol extract was rich in flavonoids (75.82 mg rutin equivalent/g extract), and the ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest amount of saponins (97.37 mg quillaja equivalent/g). The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effects against the human colon cancer HCT116 cell line challenged with serotonin (5-HT) as a stimulating-proliferation factor. The level of HCT116 cell-deriving pool of kynurenic acid (KA) was also assessed. The UHPLC results confirmed the presence of 58, 68, and 63 compounds in the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts, respectively. Mangiferin, vitexin and its isomer isovitexin were tentatively identified in all extracts and KA (m/z 190.05042 [M−H]+) was also tentatively identified in the methanol and water extracts. The methanol extract (1464.08 mg Trolox equivalent [TE]/g extract) showed the highest activity in the CUPRAC assay, whereas the water extract (1063.70 mg TE/g extract) showed the highest activity with the FRAP technique. The ethyl acetate extract was the most active acetylcholinesterase (4.43 mg galantamine equivalent/g extract) and α-glucosidase (mmol acarbose equivalent /g extract) inhibitor. The water extract was able to inhibit 5-HT-stimulated viability of HCT116 cells, and blunt 5-HT-induced reduction of cell-deriving KA. The scientific data generated in this study provide baseline data regarding the biological properties of B. abyssinica stem bark, highlighting its potential use for the development of new pharmaceutic and cosmetic agents.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Entandrophragma cylindricum (Sprague) Sprague Ethyl Acetate Extract in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽  
Yamssi Cédric ◽  
Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽  
Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽  
Yondo Jeanette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group

Background. One of the most dangerous Plasmodium species is Plasmodium falciparum. Hence, it causes a higher rate of mortality. The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies) has led to the search for new antimalarial drugs. The purpose of this research was to assess the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of Entandrophragma cylindricum ethyl acetate extract to provide a scientific basis for the use of this medicinal plant to treat malaria. Methods. Entandrophragma cylindricum stem bark powder was macerated in ethyl acetate to obtain the extract. The extract liquid filtrate was concentrated, evaporated and dry using a Rotavapor. The Peter and Rane test were used for the suppressive and curative antiplasmodial activities at different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). A positive and negative control groups were administered chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and 10% hypromelose, respectively. To assess the parasitemia of the mice a thin blood smear was made. Results. The ethyl acetate extract completely (100%) inhibited the development of P. berghei in the suppressive test at the dose of 500 mg/kg while that of the curative test was inhibited at 95%. The extract-treated group (500 mg/kg) and (Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) group all survived. The negative control group recorded a 100% mortality rate. Conclusion. The present study provides scientific confirmation on the use of E. cylindricum stem bark as an antiplasmodial remedy. However, the identification of the mode of action and the purification of the active compounds are necessary for further studies.

scholarly journals FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG Chisocheton sp. (C.DC) Harms (Meliaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewa Gede Katja
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan dari setiap ekstrak kulit batang Chisocheton sp. C.DC Harms (Meliaceae). Hasil ekstraksi 200 g serbuk kulit batang Chisocheton sp. C.DC Harms (Meliaceae) dengan n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol masing-masing dengan 2000 mL berturut-turut menghasilkan 7,193 g ekstrak pekat n-heksana, 8,798 g ekstrak pekat etil asetat dan 18,683 g ekstrak pekat metanol. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa flavonoid, triterpenoid dan tanin. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksana memberikan nilai IC50 sebesar 337,28 µg/mL, ekstrak metanol sebesar 216,73 µg/mL, dan ekstrak etil asetat sebesar 199,89 µg/mL yang berarti etil asetat memiliki kemampuan yang paling besar dalam menangkap radikal bebas.ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was determine the class of secondary metabolite compounds and antioxidant activity of each stem bark extract of Chisocheton sp. C.DC Harms (Meliaceae). The results of the extraction of 200 g Chisocheton sp. C.DC Harms (Meliaceae) with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol with 2000 mL each yielded 7,193 g of concentrated extract n-hexane, 8,798 g of concentrated extract of ethyl acetate and 18,683 g of concentrated methanol extract. Phytochemical test results showed the presence of flavonoid, triterpenoid and tannin compounds. The results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method showed that the n-hexane extract gave an IC50 value of 337,28 µg/mL, methanol extract was 216,73 µg/mL, and ethyl acetate extract was 199,89 µg/mL which means that ethyl acetate has the ability to greatest in capturing free radicals.

scholarly journals In vitro and In vivo Antiplasmodial of Stem Bark Extract of Garcinia husor

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Healthy Kainama ◽  
Sri Fatmawati ◽  
Mardi Santoso ◽  
Pieter Kakisina ◽  
Taslim Ersam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Vitro Assay

Garcinia husor is one of the folk medicines in Maluku-Indonesia. This species has been used for the treatmet of Malaria disease. The phytochemical contents and antiplasmodial activity not reported yet. In this study we evaluated the quantitative phytochemicals, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of stem bark ethyl acetate extract. In vitro assay was done using P. falciparum 3D7 strain sensitive of chloroquine. For in vivo analysis, four groups of M. musculus were infected by P. berghei and their parasitemia levels were for 7 days of treatment with ethyl acetate extract; hematological and biochemical parameter were analyzed at the end of experiment. The result showed ethyl acetate extract with the TPC (169.47 mg GAE/100 g ±0.61) and TPC (167.37 mg QE/100 g ±1.05) was active against P. falciparum 3D7 strain (IC50 value of 0.31±0.43 μg/ml). The animal treated with extract showed suppression of parasitemia to 87.57±1.41% compared with the P. berghei infected-mice (negative control), ED50 value of 22.30 mg/kg BW. The dose of extract in 200 mg/kg BW was reduce parasitemia of infected mice with P. berghei more potential. The ethyl acetate of the stem bark G. husor with has antiplasmodial properties and future investigation are necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of in vivo Plant and in vitro Callus Extracts of Centratherum punctatum Cass

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
K. Mercy Madhumitha ◽  
J. Anbumalarmathi ◽  
S. Aruna Sharmili ◽  
G. Nandhini ◽  
G. Shanmuga Priya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

The present study aims at comparative study between plant and callus extract, with respect to analysis of phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity properties of Centratherum punctatum using aqueous medium and different solvents such as, methanol and ethyl acetate. In vitro studies in MS media supplemented with BAP 4.5 mg/L + Kn 4.0 mg/L has shown the high callus induction percentage of 92.33% with a maximum callus weight of 1.08 g. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous, methanol and ethyl acetate extract of C. punctatum in vivo plant and in vitro callus showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and carbohydrates. The aqueous extract of both plant and callus showed the presence of tannins, proteins and steroids whereas the methanol extract showed the presence of tannins, amino acids and terpenoids. The ethyl acetate extract showed terpenoids and protein. FTIR analysis of plant and callus aqueous extract had a maximum characteristic band at 3399.87 cm-1 and 3412.73 cm-1 respectively indicating the presence of N-H stretching. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 11 different compounds in ethyl acetate extracts of plant and the callus extract revealed the presence of 15 different compounds which was absent in the plant extract. Plant extract exhibited maximum total phenol content than callus extract. The in vitro callus extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with lower inhibition percentage than in vivo plant extract. A maximum zone of inhibition was observed in methanol extract of in vivo plant and in vitro callus (15 mm and 14 mm respectively) against Bacillus subtilis. The ethyl acetate extract of in vivo plant and in vitro callus had a zone of 14 mm and 12 mm against E. coli. A maximum zone of inhibition (12 mm and 11 mm respectively) was observed in both methanol and ethyl acetate of in vivo plant and in vitro callus against Staphylococcus aureus. Antiproliferative analysis revealed that in vivo plant has inhibitory percentage of 23.6 whereas callus exhibited 28.5% against HeLa cells.

scholarly journals Prenylated Isoflavanones from the Stem Bark of Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae) and its Antimalarial Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tati Herlina ◽  
Anderson Arnold Aloanis ◽  
Dikdik Kurnia ◽  
Desi Harneti ◽  
Rani Maharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
In Vitro Bioassay ◽  
Erythrina Poeppigiana ◽  
Antimalarial Agents ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Promising Source

During the course of our continuous search for novel antimalarial compounds derived from the Indonesian Erythrina plants, the methanol extract of the stem bark of Erythrina poeppigiana demonstrated significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum parasites, in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract resulted in the isolation of three known platyisoflavanone (1), erypogein D (2), and sophoraisoflavanone A (3). Compounds 1–3 showed strong antimalarial activity against 3D7 strain of P. falciparum with IC50 values of 0.52, 0.36, and 3.65μM, respectively. This result indicates that stem bark of E. poeppigiana is a promising source of antimalarial agents, and merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Enamul Haque ◽  
Afrin Sultana ◽  
Biazid Alam Shibib ◽  
Md Mirazul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities

The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the stem bark of Callistemon citrinus were subjected to screenings for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and brine shrimp lethality. The ethyl acetate  extract and its column fractions XVIII and XIV exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity, while the methanol extract  revealed significant antioxidant activity having IC50 of 3.84 ?g/ml. The methanol extract and fraction-II showed  potent cytotoxic its cytotoxicity with the LC50 of 11.27 and 11.35 ?g/ml, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12487 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 51-54, 2012 (June)

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