Investigation on the antimalarial properties of Plumeria alba Linn (apocynaceae) cultivated in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
S.A. Adesida ◽  
S.A. Odediran ◽  
A.A. Elujoba
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Effective Doses

Many of the African antimalarial ethno medicinal plants are good sources of promising antimalarial compounds. The stem bark of Plumeria alba Linn, was evaluated for in vivo chemosuppressive antimalarial activities in order to identify the most active solvent  fraction from which antimalarial constituents can be isolated. The stem-bark of Plumeria alba Linn, family Apocynaceae was   collected, air-dried, powdered, macerated in methanol and the extract concentrated in vacuo. The acute toxicity study was   performed on the extract using Lorke’s method. The extract was thereafter tested for chemosuppressive antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei berghei NK65- infected mice using Peter’s four-day test at doses 100-800 mg /kg with normal saline (0.2 ml) and chloroquine (10 mg/kg) as negative and positive control drugs respectively. The average percentage parasitaemia, percentage chemosuppression and effective doses (ED50 and ED90), the survival times and percentage survivors elicited in all the  mice were  determined as indices of antimalarial activity. The active extract was  subsequently partitioned successively into n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol. The respective partitioned fractions with the aqueous phase were also tested as above at doses 0-80 mg/kg. All results were  subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA with Student Newman Keul’s post hoc test. Crude extracts of P. alba gave considerable reduction of percentage parasitaemia up to 200 mg/kg. The percentage  chemosuppression at all doses, were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the negative but lower than the positive control with 200 mg/kg dose showing the highest activity of 65.88 %. The effective doses, ED50 and ED90 were  305.82±9.99 and 389.74± 9.60, respectively. The most active n-hexane partitioned fraction elicited a percentage chemosuppression of 67.75 and a significantly lower (p<0.05) ED50 and ED90 of 31.27±0.85 and 54.80±1.75 mg/kg. The butanol and ethyl acetate partitioned fractions gave significantly higher (p<0.05) survival time value than those of the crude extract, other partition fractions and the positive control, while the n-hexane, dichloromethane and the aqueous, just like chloroquine, gave high percentage survivors. The study concluded that Plumeria alba stem-bark extract was active as an antimalarial drug with its antiplasmodial and the survival time–enhancing activity concentrated in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate with butanol partitioned fractions respectively, thus confirming and justifying its ethnomedical application in malaria.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia mantaly Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali ◽  
Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna ◽  
Lauve Rachel Yamthe Tchokouaha ◽  
Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Jaures Marius Tsakem Nangap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract

Background. Terminalia mantaly is used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat malaria and related symptoms. However, its antiplasmodial efficacy is still to be established. Objectives. The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Terminalia mantaly extracts. Materials and Methods. Extracts were prepared from leaves and stem bark of T. mantaly, by maceration in distilled water, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. All extracts were initially screened in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 of P. falciparum to confirm its in vitro activity, and the most potent one was assessed in malaria mouse model at three concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bw). Biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also determined. Results. Overall, 7 extracts showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranging from 0.809 μg/mL to 5.886 μg/mL. The aqueous extract from the stem bark of T. mantaly (Tmsbw) was the most potent (IC50=0.809 μg/mL) and was further assessed for acute toxicity and efficacy in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Tmsbw was safe in mice with a median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. It also exerted a good antimalarial efficacy in vivo with ED50 of 69.50 mg/kg and had no significant effect on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Conclusion. The results suggest that the stem bark extract of T. mantaly possesses antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity ofCroton macrostachyusStem Bark Extracts againstPlasmodium berghei In Vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Moses M. Ngeiywa ◽  
Paul Kiprono ◽  
Sabah Omar ◽  
Atte von Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Different Doses

There is an increasing need for innovative drug and prophylaxis discovery against malaria. The aim of the present study was to testin vivoantiplasmodial activity ofCroton macrostachyusH. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark extracts from Kenyan folkloric medicine. Inbred Balb/c mice were inoculated with erythrocytes parasitized withPlasmodium berghei(ANKA). Different doses (500, 250, and 100 mg/kg) ofC. macrostachyusethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous, and isobutanol extracts were administrated either after inoculation (Peters’ 4-day suppressive test) or before inoculation (chemoprotective test) of the parasitized erythrocytes. All the extracts showed significant suppression of parasitemia compared to control (p<0.001): for the ethyl acetate extract in the range of 58–82%, for the methanol extract in the range of 27–68%, for the aqueous extract in the range of 24–72%, and for the isobutanol extract in the range of 61–80%. Chemoprotective effect was significant (p<0.001) and the suppression caused by the ethyl acetate extract was between 74 and 100%, by the methanol extract between 57 and 83%, and by the isobutanol extract between 86–92%. The study showed that it is possible to inhibit the growth of the parasites by various stem bark extracts ofC. macrostachyusin Balb/c mice supporting the folkloric use of the plant against malaria.

scholarly journals Crude Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Its Fractions: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 4153-4163
Author(s):  
Sulaiman S. Rukayyah ◽  
Jigam, Audu Ali ◽  
Abubakar Abdulkadir ◽  
Salau, Rasaq Bolakale
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Malaria is a global problem, as treatment failure has hampered the efficacy of most anti-malarial medications. The goal of this study was to see if stem bark extract from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides had antiplasmodial properties that could be used to treat both susceptible and resistant parasites. The stem bark of Z. zanthoxyloides (500g) was crushed and extracted with ethanol. The extract was tested for antiplasmodial activity in vitro against the chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) strain NF54 and chloroquine-resistant strains (CQR) K1 of P. falciparum, as well as in vivo against the CQS(NK65) strain of P. berghei at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract was performed. The crude extract had an in vitro activity of 1076.4 56.4 and 1315.1 121.6 ng/ml against chloroquine sensitive and resistant parasites, respectively while standard drugs (chloroquine and artesunate) were 10.94 nM (3478.92 ng/ml) and 9.24 nM (3215.52ng/ml) for CQS and 310.68 nM (98796 ng/ml) and 10.94 nM (3650.52 ng/ml) for CQR respectively. At Day 7, mice treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw crude extract had parasite densities of 1159, 928, and 869 parasites/ µl, respectively (compared to positive control that had 123 parasites /µl). In vitro antiplasmodial activity was best in the K2, K4, and K6 fractions (IC50 were 6670, 6890, and 6480 ng/ml), but in vivo antiplasmodial activity was best in the K4 fraction (1183 parasites/ µl).The stem bark extract of Z. zanthoxyloides have remarkable antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine sensitive and drug resistant P. falciparum supporting it ethnomedicinal use in malaria treatment.The extract of Z. zanthoxyloides has promising antiplasmodial activity and could be used to generate therapeutic leads against the multidrug-resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum, in addition to providing an alternative allopathic antiplasmodial medication.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS INHIBISI ENZIM ALFA-GLUKOSIDASE DARI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG BUNGA KUPU-KUPU (Bauhinia semibifida Roxb) SECARA IN VITRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Haiyul Fadhli ◽  
◽  
Nofri Hendri Sandi ◽  
Ainun Nurain Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Microplate Reader ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Research on the activity of ?-glucosidase inhibition of Bunga Kupu-Kupu stem bark extract (Bauhinia semibifida Roxb) has been carried out in vitro. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of the extracts of B. semibifida Roxb. stem bark against the ?-glucosidase enzyme in vitro. Testing the inhibitory activity of the ?-glucosidase enzyme using extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol from the stem bark of the Bunga Kupu-Kupu and the Akarbose as a positive control. In vitro testing was carried out using a microplate reader instrument with a wavelength of 410 nm. The results showed that the extract of n-hexane extract of the B. semibifida stem bark had an IC50 value 15,625 µg/mL, ethyl acetate extract had an IC50 value 35,495 µg/mL, and the methanol extract had an IC50 value 34,279 µg/mL. By category, the three B. semibifida stem bark extracts have the active ability to inhibit the ?-glucosidase enzyme, while the Akarbose had an IC50 value 0,384 µg/mL as a positive control has a very active ability as an antidiabetic through the inhibition of the ?-glucosidase enzyme. The results showed that extraction of ?-glucosidase inhibitor compound with n-hexane yielded extract with highest inhibitor activity.

In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Adansonia digitata Stem Bark Extract and Some Fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeoye Akinwunmi O. ◽  
Bewaji Clement O. ◽  
Ademowo George O.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Body Weight Dose

Background: Malaria is one of the most common major health problems responsible for the death of millions of children, pregnant women and adults. Antimalarial drug resistance has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing malaria control today. Plant resources that either treat or prevent parasite invasion desirable in developing countries are potential targets for research and development of alternative malaria drugs. Objective: This study investigated the suppressive and prophylactic potentials of extracts and some fractions of Adansonia digitata stem bark in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methodology: The albino mice were administered with two different doses (200mg/kg body weight and 400mg/kg body weight) of aqueous extract (AQ), methanolic extract (ME), chloroform fraction (CF) and ethylacetate fraction (EF) of Adansonia digitata stem bark for five consecutive days. 5mg/kg body weight dose per day of artemether-lumefantrine and 5mg/kg body weight dose per day of chloroquine was used as positive control while the negative control mice received only the vehicle (5% v/v tween 80). In the prophylactic groups, the mice were pretreated daily for five days before they were challenged with inoculums of 1 x 107 chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei infected erythrocyte intraperitoneally. Results: The results showed a dose dependent chemosupression in the fractions and the extract treated groups. The 400mg/kg body weight was more effective with respect to the parasite clearance than the 200mg/kg body weight in all the groups. Both the 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight dose of ethylacetate fraction (EF) exhibited the highest chemosupression. The chemosupression caused by Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and Chloroquine (CQ) treated groups were significantly (P> 0.05) higher than the fractions and extract treated groups. The percentage parasitemia also decreased in this manner. There was a mutual delay in parasitemia with EF and ME. The packed cell volume (PCV) increased significantly (P> 0.05) in the AL and CQ, and 400mg/kg body weight dose EF and ME respectively and increased for the other fraction and extract used at 400mg/kg body weight dose compared with the control. Conclusion: This study showed that EF of Adansonia digitata stem bark has potent antimalarial property which could be of future importance in malaria management.

scholarly journals In VivoAntimalarial Activity ofAnnona muricataLeaf Extract in Mice Infected withPlasmodium berghei

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voravuth Somsak ◽  
Natsuda Polwiang ◽  
Sukanya Chachiyo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
The World ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Dose Dependent

Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. The choice for the treatment is highly limited due to drug resistance. Hence, finding the new compounds to treat malaria is urgently needed. The present study was attempted to evaluate the antimalarial activity of theAnnona muricataaqueous leaf extract inPlasmodium bergheiinfected mice. Aqueous leaf extract ofA. muricatawas prepared and tested for acute toxicity in mice. For efficacy testin vivo, standard 4-day suppressive test was carried out. ICR mice were inoculated with 107parasitized erythrocytes ofP. bergheiANKA by intraperitoneal injection. The extracts (100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) were then given orally by gavage once a day for 4 consecutive days. Parasitemia, percentage of inhibition, and packed cell volume were subsequently calculated. Chloroquine (10 mg/kg) was given to infected mice as positive control while untreated control was given only distilled water. It was found thatA. muricataaqueous leaf extract at doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg resulted in dose dependent parasitemia inhibition of 38.03%, 75.25%, and 85.61%, respectively. Survival time was prolonged in infected mice treated with the extract. Moreover, no mortality to mice was observed with this extract up to a dose of 4000 mg/kg. In conclusion, theA. muricataaqueous leaf extract exerted significant antimalarial activity with no toxicity and prolonged survival time. Therefore, this extract might contain potential lead molecule for the development of a new drug for malaria treatment.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Stem Bark of Periploca linearifolia during Early and Established Plasmodium Infection in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubetu Yihunie Belay ◽  
Abyot Endale Gurmu ◽  
Zewdu Birhanu Wubneh
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Background. In Ethiopia, stem bark of Periploca linearifolia is used for the treatment of malaria by the local community and demonstrated antimalarial activity in vitro. Despite its in vitro antimalarial activity, no scientific study has been carried out to verify its activity in vivo. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of Periploca linearifolia stem bark extract in mice. Methods. The dried stem bark of Periploca linearifolia was extracted with 80% methanol and evaluated for its antimalarial activity on both early and established Plasmodium berghei infected mice. The extract was prepared at graded doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Chloroquine and distilled water were administered to the positive and negative control groups, respectively. Results. The crude extract, at all tested doses, suppressed parasitemia significantly (p<0.05) for 200 and 400 mg/kg and (p<0.001) for 600 mg/kg. The suppression values at these doses were 56.98, 43.33, and 38.17 percent, respectively. Periploca linearifolia extract also demonstrated schizonticidal activity in the established malaria infection. Conclusion. The plant Periploca linearifolia has a promising antimalarial activity in mice, supporting its in vitro finding. Thus, it could be considered as a potential source to develop new antimalarial agent.

scholarly journals In vitro and In vivo Antiplasmodial of Stem Bark Extract of Garcinia husor

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Healthy Kainama ◽  
Sri Fatmawati ◽  
Mardi Santoso ◽  
Pieter Kakisina ◽  
Taslim Ersam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Vitro Assay

Garcinia husor is one of the folk medicines in Maluku-Indonesia. This species has been used for the treatmet of Malaria disease. The phytochemical contents and antiplasmodial activity not reported yet. In this study we evaluated the quantitative phytochemicals, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of stem bark ethyl acetate extract. In vitro assay was done using P. falciparum 3D7 strain sensitive of chloroquine. For in vivo analysis, four groups of M. musculus were infected by P. berghei and their parasitemia levels were for 7 days of treatment with ethyl acetate extract; hematological and biochemical parameter were analyzed at the end of experiment. The result showed ethyl acetate extract with the TPC (169.47 mg GAE/100 g ±0.61) and TPC (167.37 mg QE/100 g ±1.05) was active against P. falciparum 3D7 strain (IC50 value of 0.31±0.43 μg/ml). The animal treated with extract showed suppression of parasitemia to 87.57±1.41% compared with the P. berghei infected-mice (negative control), ED50 value of 22.30 mg/kg BW. The dose of extract in 200 mg/kg BW was reduce parasitemia of infected mice with P. berghei more potential. The ethyl acetate of the stem bark G. husor with has antiplasmodial properties and future investigation are necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Maerua angolensis DC. (Capparaceae) Stem Bark Extract Protects against Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Oxidative Stress and Seizures in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kwaku Benneh ◽  
Robert Peter Biney ◽  
Augustine Tandoh ◽  
Felix Agyei Ampadu ◽  
Donatus Wewura Adongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Introduction. The stem bark of Maerua angolensis DC. (Capparaceae) is traditionally used for management of epilepsy. Our aim was to evaluate the antiseizure potential and identify possible mechanisms by which the effects are registered. Methods. The petroleum ether/ethyl acetate extract (100–1000 mg kg−1) was administered per os to male Sprague-Dawley rats after pretreatment with flumazenil (0.3 mg kg−1) or L-arginine (150 mg kg−1) or sildenafil (5 mg kg−1) and they subsequently received a subcutaneous injection of pentylenetetrazole (65 mg kg−1). Rats were observed for latency to and duration of myoclonic seizures and additionally the level of protection against oxidant markers and products was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Results. The extract (300 and 1000 mg kg−1, p.o.) significantly delayed the onset and decreased the duration and frequency of PTZ-induced convulsions. The anticonvulsant effect of MAE (300 mg kg−1, p.o.) was reversed by pretreatment with flumazenil, L-arginine, or sildenafil. Also, MAE (300 mg kg−1) treatment reversed significantly PTZ-induced oxidative stress in rat brain tissue. Conclusion. The petroleum ether/ethyl acetate fraction exhibits antiseizure activity by affecting GABAergic and nitric oxide-cGMP pathways. In addition, the extract protects against the generation of free radicals and the oxidative products of the PTZ-induced seizures.

In Vitro and In Vivo Neutralizing Activity of Uvaria chamae Leaves Fractions on the Venom of Naja nigricollis in Albino Rat and Bovine Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-311
Author(s):  
Ada Gabriel ◽  
Mamman Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed G. Magaji ◽  
Yusuf P. Ofemile ◽  
Ameh P. Matthew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Aqueous Residue

Background: Snakebite envenomation is a global priority ranked top among other neglected tropical diseases. There is a folkloric claim that Uvaria chamae is beneficial for the management of snakebite and wounds in African ethnobotanical surveys. Besides, there are many registered patents asserting the health benefits of U. chamae. Objective: This study aimed to investigate U. chamae’s potentials and identify candidates for the development of tools for the treatment and management of N. nigricollis envenomation. Methods: Freshly collected U. chamae leaves were air-dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol. The median lethal dose of the extract was determined and further fractionated with n-hexane, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was tested for neutralizing effect against venom-induced haemolytic, fibrinolytic, hemorrhagic, and cytotoxic activities. Results: U. chamae fractions significantly (p<0.05) neutralized the haemolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom in n-butanol; 31.40%, n-hexane; 33%, aqueous residue; 39.60% and ethyl acetate; 40.70% at the concentration of 100mg/ml of each fraction against 10mg/ml of the snake venom when compared to the positive control. The fibrinolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized in n-hexane at 73.88%, n-butanol; 72.22% and aqueous residue; 72.22% by the fractions of U. chamae. In addition, haemorrhagic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized by U. chamae fractions at the concentrations of 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 400mg/ml except for n-butanol and aqueous residues at 400 mg/ml. Conclusion: U. chamae leaves fractions possess a high level of protection against N. nigricollis venoms-induced lethality and thus validate the pharmacological rationale for its usage in the management of N. nigricollis envenomation.

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