scholarly journals Surface Modification of Sodium Montmorillonite Nanoclay by Plasma Polymerization and Its Effect on the Properties of Polystyrene Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Idalia Narro-Céspedes ◽  
María Guadalupe Neira-Velázquez ◽  
Luis Fernando Mora-Cortes ◽  
Ernesto Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Adali Oliva Castañeda-Facio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plasma Polymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Sodium Montmorillonite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Montmorillonite Nanoclay ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sodium montmorillonite nanoclay (Na+-MMT) was modified by plasma polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) as monomers and was denominated as Na+-MMT/MMA and Na+-MMT/St, respectively. This plasma modified nanoclay was used as reinforcement for polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites that were prepared by melt mixing. Pristine and modified Na+-MMT nanoclay were analyzed by the dispersion in various solvents, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results confirmed a change in hydrophilicity of the modified Na+-MMT, as well as the presence of a polymeric material over its surface. The pristine PS/Na+-MMT and modified PS/Na+-MMT/MMA and PS/Na+-MMT/St nanocomposites were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and TGA, as well as mechanical properties. It was found that the PS/Na+-MMT/St nanocomposites presented better thermal properties and an improvement in Young’s modulus (YM) in compared to PS/Na+-MMT/MMA nanocomposites.

Research on compatibility and surface of high impact bio-based polyamide

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110055
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yuhui Zhang ◽  
Yuhan Xu ◽  
Xiucai Liu ◽  
Weihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
High Impact ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The super-tough bio-based nylon was prepared by melt extrusion. In order to improve the compatibility between bio-based nylon and elastomer, the elastomer POE was grafted with maleic anhydride. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to study the compatibility and micro-distribution between super-tough bio-based nylon and toughened elastomers. The results of mechanical strength experiments show that the 20% content of POE-g-MAH has the best toughening effect. After toughening, the toughness of the super-tough nylon was significantly improved. The notched impact strength was 88 kJ/m2 increasing by 1700%, which was in line with the industrial super-tough nylon. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the crystallization behavior of bio-based PA56, and the effect of bio-based PA56 with high crystallinity on mechanical properties was analyzed from the microstructure.

Processing of Biodegradable Polymer Composite Using Soy Protein-Based Resin and Nanoclay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Hossain ◽  
Samira N. Shaily ◽  
Hadiya J. Harrigan ◽  
Terrie Mickens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

A completely biodegradable composite was fabricated from an herbal polymer, soy protein concentrate (SPC) resin. Soy protein was modified by adding 30 wt% of glycerol and 5 wt% of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) to enhance its mechanical as well as thermal property. 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20% nanoclay (NC) were infused into the system. To evaluate its mechanical properties, crystallinity, thermal properties, bonding interaction, and morphological evaluation, tensile, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests, and optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation were performed. Tensile tests showed that the addition of nanoclay improved the mechanical properties of the modified resin. Soy protein is hydrophilic due to the presence of amino acids that contain various polar groups such as amine, carboxyl, and hydroxyl. As a result, polar nanoclay particles that are exfoliated can be evenly dispersed in the SPC resin. From experimental results, it is clear that adding of nanoclay with SPC resin significantly increased the stiffness of the SPC resin. A combination of 5% clay, 30% glycerol, and 5% PVA with the modified SPC resulted in the maximum stress of 18 MPa and Young modulus of 958 MPa. The modified SPC showed a reduced failure strain as well. X-ray diffraction curves showed an improvement of crystallinity of the prepared resin with increasing amount of nanoclay. Interaction among soy, glycerol, PVA, and nanoclay was clearly demonstrated from the FTIR analysis. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed rougher surface in the nanoclay infused SPC samples compared to that of the neat one. SEM evaluation revealed rougher fracture surface in the NC infused samples.

Microstructure and Properties of Zn61Al34M5 Alloy Produced by Rapid Solidification and Warm-Compacting Sintering Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 829-832
Author(s):  
Hai Yi Lou ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Biao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly developed Zn61Al34M5 (M=Cu, Si, RE, et al.) alloy obtained by warm-compacting sintering technique were studied using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) associated with measurements of mechanical properties. The results showed that the new alloy consisted of α-phase and η-phase and have good plasticity; its hardness increased by 10%~20% and density decreased by about 16% as compared with those of the traditional cast Zn-Al alloys.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3-TiC-ZrO2 Ceramic Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1031-1035
Author(s):  
Wei Min Liu ◽  
Xing Ai ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Yong Hui Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Al2O3-TiC-ZrO2ceramic composites (ATZ) were fabricated by hot-pressed sintering. The phases and microstructure of the composites were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative density and mechanical properties (flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vicker’s hardness) of the composites were tested. The results show that the microstructure of the composites was the gray core-white rim. With the increase of sintering temperature, the relative density and mechanical properties of the composites increased first and then decreased. The composite sintered at 1705°C has the highest synthetical properties, and its relative density, flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness are 98.3%,970MPa,6.0 MPa•m1/2and 20.5GPa, respectively.

scholarly journals Development of an Oxcarbazepine Solid Dispersion Using Skimmed Milk to Improve the Solubility and Dissolution Profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shah ◽  
D. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Scanning Electron

Oxcarbazepine has low solubility and low oral bioavailability, so it’s a challenge to formulate suitable dosage form. In this present investigation, to improve the dissolution rate and solubility, skimmed milk is used as a carrier. Physical mixers were prepared using various drugs to carrier ratio and spray drying technology was used to develop solid dispersion with the carrier. Various techniques were used to characterize the solid dispersion immediately after they were made which includes differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infra- red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and in-vitro dissolution profiles. The differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of raw drug indicated of its anhydrous crystalline nature. In thermograms of solid dispersion, the characteristic peak was absent suggesting the change from crystalline nature to amorphous form. X-ray diffraction confirmed those results. X-ray diffraction results of raw drug showed highly intense peak characteristic of its crystalline nature where solid dispersion showed less intense, more diffused peak indicating the change in crystalline form. Fourier transforms infra-red spectroscopy studies showed there was no interaction between drug and carrier. Scanning electron microscopy support the amorphous nature of mixer. The whole formulation showed distinct enhancement in the drug release behavior and solubility. The optimum oxcarbazepine to skimmed milk ratio 1:3 enhances the in-vitro drug release by 3.5 fold and also show distinct increase in solubility. It was concluded that for improvement of solubility of poorly water soluble oxcarbazepine, skimmed milk powder as a carrier can be utilize very well.

UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH AND CONCRETE RESIDUE IN THE PRODUCTION OF GEOPOLYMER BRICKS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriporn Sirikingkaew ◽  
Nuta Supakata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study presents the development of geopolymer bricks synthetized from industrial waste, including fly ash mixed with concrete residue containing aluminosilicate compound. The above two ingredients are mixed according to five ratios: 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, and 80:20. The mixture's physico-mechanical properties, in terms of water absorption and the compressive strength of the geopolymer bricks, are investigated according to the TIS 168-2546 standard. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses are used to investigate the microstructure and the elemental and phase composition of the brick specimens. The results indicate that the combination of fly ash and concrete residue represents a suitable approach to brick production, as required by the TIS 168–2546 standard.

scholarly journals Amazonian Metakaolin Reactivity for Geopolymer Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy A. Sá Ribeiro ◽  
Marilene G. Sá Ribeiro ◽  
Gregory P. Kutyla ◽  
Waltraud M. Kriven
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Local Resource ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Mixing Intensity ◽  
Amazonian Region ◽  
Scanning Electron

To determine the viability of using a local resource for geopolymer synthesis, geopolymers were synthesized using metakaolin made from clay mined in the Amazonian region of Brazil. Samples were made with mixed potassium-sodium and pure sodium metakaolin-based geopolymer. Samples were also made using commercial metakaolin (CMK) from BASF, Inc. as a comparison to the Amazonian metakaolin (AMK). Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the microstructure of the materials. X-ray diffraction was able to confirm the formation of geopolymer. The mechanical properties of AMK material were nearly equivalent to those based on CMK. Neither CMK nor AMK reacted completely, although samples made with CMK showed less unreacted material. By increasing the mixing intensity and duration, the amount of residual unreacted material was substantially reduced, and mechanical properties were improved.

Study of an Energetic-oxidant Co-crystal: Preparation, Characterisation, and Crystallisation Mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Gao ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Gazi Hao ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Diffraction Spectrum ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>An energetic co-crystal consisting of the most promising military explosive 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and the most well-known oxidant applied in propellants ammonium perchlorate has been prepared with a simple solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphology of co-crystal differs greatly from each component. The X-ray diffraction spectrum, FTIR, Raman spectra, and differential scanning calorimetry characterisation further prove the formation of the co-crystal. The result of determination of hygroscopic rate indicated the hygroscopicity was effectively reduced. At last, the crystallisation mechanism has been discussed.</p>

Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetism of Nanosized Copper Ferrite

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 604-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhong Lv ◽  
Zhong Kuang Luo ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Xiang Zhong Ren ◽  
Hong Hua Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Copper Ferrite ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Copper ferrite powders were successfully synthesized by sonochemical method. The resultant powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, differential thermal analysis-thermal gravimetric (DTA-TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and VSM. The particle saturation magnetization (Ms) is 66 emu/g and an intrinsic coercive force (iHc) is 2100 Oe when the precursor calcined at 950 °C for 15 h.

SYNERGISTIC REINFORCEMENT OF ORGANOCLAY AND DOUBLE NETWORKING IN NATURAL RUBBER

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedayatollah Sadeghi Ghari ◽  
Zahra Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Double Network ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Extension Ratio ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Research was undertaken on natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with organoclays. A double-network (DN) structure is formed when a partially cross-linked elastomer is further cross-linked during a state of strain. Two methods were used in the preparation of NR/organoclay nanocomposites: the ordinary method (single-network NR nanocomposite) and double-networked NR (DN-NR) nanocomposites. The single-networked NR nanocomposites were used for comparison. The effects of organoclay (5 phr) with a different extension ratio on curing characteristics, mechanical properties, hardness, swelling behavior, and morphology of single- and double-networked NR nanocomposites were studied. The results showed that double-networked NR nanocomposites exhibited higher physical and mechanical properties. The tensile strength of DN-NR nanocomposites increased up to 33 MPa (more than four times greater than that of pure NR) and then decreased with an increasing extension ratio. Modulus and hardness continuously increased with an increased extension ratio. The microstructure of the NR/organoclay systems was studied by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of different extension ratios on the dispersion of organoclay layers in the nanocomposites were investigated. Generally, results showed that the optimized extension ratio in DN nanocomposites was equal (or about or around) to α= 2.

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