scholarly journals Improvement of Urinary Stones Analysis Combining Morphological Analysis and Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Gervasoni ◽  
Aniello Primiano ◽  
Pietro Manuel Ferraro ◽  
Andrea Urbani ◽  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ft Ir

Daudon et al. have developed a complex morphoconstitutional classification of renal stone in six different morphological types and several subtypes. According to this classification, a precise correspondence exists between causes of renal stones and subtypes with a great clinical relevance and can be considering a sort of shortcut for the metabolic diagnosis in renal stone patients. Now the diagnosis of causes of renal stones generally requires repeated biochemical investigations on urine and blood samples and usually remains presumptive. We analyzed 150 urinary stones both by stereoscopic microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The comparison of 150 stones did not reveal any disagreement. We have only 20 partial agreement, and clinicians agreed that the imprecise information obtained with morphological analysis alone would have missed an important clinical finding only in 3 cases. In conclusion, in our opinion, the analysis of urinary stone must combine two different analytical techniques: morphological analysis by stereomicroscope and biochemical analysis with the FT-IR.

Use of non-contrast computed tomography determined urinary stone fragility in predicting the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy treatment: a single-center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Athar Hameed ◽  
Khazir Hayyat Gondal
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculus ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Fisher Exact Test

Background: Renal stones represent a common urological pathology where standard treatment advised is ESWL in current practice. However, NCCT based determination of stone fragility may help to predict the outcome of ESWL treatment, hence optimizing its clinical use. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of NCCT determined urinary stone fragility in predicting the outcome of ESWL treatment in local clinical settings. Patients and methods: One hundred patients with single renal calculus of 0.6-2 cm in size were included. NCCT based determination of stone fragility in HU units was done for all patients. Patients were then subjected to ESWL, with a maximum of 3000 shock waves given per ESWL session. Plain film and/or ultrasonography was used to monitor ESWL treatment progress with a final NCCT evaluation at 12 weeks to determine the clearance of the calculi for each patient. Association of NCCT based stone fragility and outcome of ESWL was statistically analyzed using Fisher exact test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.7 ± 10.9 years with 54% being male. Decreasing stone fragility on NCCT (high = <500HU, moderate = 500-1000HU, and high = 1000HU) required more number and intensity of ESWL sessions (1-2 visits and 3000-6000 shock waves for high stone fragility group, 3-5 visits and 7000-18000 shock waves for the moderate group, and 6 visits and >18000 shock waves for low fragility group, respectively) necessary for clearance of urinary stones (p<0.001). In 98% of patients, the clearance of urinary stones was excellent. Conclusion: Renal stone patients with NCCT determined high and moderate stone fragility show an optimal response after ESWL treatment, whereas, for low fragility renal stones attenuative treatment like percutaneous nephrolithotomy and/or ureteroscopy should be considered instead of ESWL. This approach can enable patient stratification before ESWL therapy ensuring better clinical management of the renal stone disease.

scholarly journals Quantification and Classification of Diclofenac Sodium Content in Dispersed Commercially Available Tablets by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Eirini Siozou ◽  
Vasilios Sakkas ◽  
Nikolaos Kourkoumelis
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ft Ir

A new methodology, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with an attenuated total reflectance accessory (ATR FT-IR), was developed for the determination of diclofenac sodium (DS) in dispersed commercially available tablets using chemometric tools such as partial least squares (PLS) coupled with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of PLS-DA depicted a perfect classification of the tablets into three different groups based on their DS concentrations, while the developed model with PLS had a sufficiently low root mean square error (RMSE) for the prediction of the samples’ concentration (~5%) and therefore can be practically used for any tablet with an unknown concentration of DS. Comparison with ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometry as the reference method revealed no significant difference between the two methods. The proposed methodology exhibited satisfactory results in terms of both accuracy and precision while being rapid, simple and of low cost.

High Incidence of Renal Stones in Severely Disabled Children with Epilepsy Treated with Topiramate

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutsune Ishikawa ◽  
Hiroo Tani ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Akira Kato ◽  
Masao Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Diuretic Drugs ◽  
History Of

Purpose This study was aimed to assess the accurate incidence of renal stones in severely disabled children treated with topiramate (TPM). Method We reviewed the medical records of severely disabled children with epilepsy under 15 years old who underwent radiological examinations to investigate urinary stones. The study enrolled 26 patients who were divided into two groups. One group had been treated with TPM for at least 1 year and the other had not been treated with TPM, zonisamide, acetazolamide, or other diuretic drugs. We collected parameters from the medical records and compared the groups. Results All participants were evaluated radiologically, with computed tomography (CT) in two patients, ultrasonography in 22 patients, and both in two. No patient had any morphological abnormality of the kidneys and history of urinary tract infection. There were no significant differences in sex, age, body weight, or feeding manner between the groups, while the incidence of renal stones or calcifications was significantly higher in the TPM-treated group (60 vs. 0%; p = 0.00241). Conclusion There is a high incidence of renal stone formation in severely disabled children treated with TPM.

scholarly journals Application of uCT-scan and infrared spectroscopy for determination of urinary stone components

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Vepy Asyana ◽  
Leni Aziyus Fitri ◽  
Freddy Haryanto ◽  
Taufik Ridwan ◽  
Nanda Fitri Ayu Muningrat
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstrak. Batu kemih merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan tingkat prevalensi yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Pengetahuan komposisi pada kandungan batu kemih dapat membantu tenaga medis dalam melakukan justifikasi penanganan tindakan lanjut pada pasien dengan tepat.Tujuan penelitian iniadalah menentukan kandungan mineral yang terdapat pada batu kemih menggunakan metode analisa spektrum inframerah dan nilai hounsfield unit (HU) yang terdapat pada citra yang dihasilkan dari modality mCT-Scan. Hasil karakterisasi fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) memperlihatkan kandungan mineral batu kemih terdiri dari batu kemih calcium oxlate monohydrate, uric acid, batu campuran calcium oxalate dengan phosphate dan batu campuran cystine dengan phosphate sedangkan hasil dari scanning mCT memperlihatkan adanya kandungan mineral batu kemih campuran seperti batu campuran calcium oxalate dan cystine, batu campuran calcium oxalate, struvite, dan cystine, dan batu campuran calciumoxalate dan uric acid.Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua modaliti tersebut mampu memperlihatkan kandungan mineral batu kemih dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat adanya spektrum serapan karakteristik dari FTIR setiap sampel berbeda-beda dan dari hasil citra mCT-Scan memperlihatkan nilai HU yang bervariasi sehingga mengindikasikan kandungan mineral pada sampel batu kemih yang diamati juga memiliki jenis yang berbeda-beda. Abstract. Urinary stones are a disease with a high prevalence rate in Indonesia. Knowledge of the composition of the urinary stone is an essential part to determine suitable treatments for patients. The aim of this research is to determine the mineral contained in urinary stones using the infrared spectrum and the value of HU (hounsfield unit) from the image mCT-Scan. The results of FTIR characterization showed that the mineral content of urinary stones consisted of calcium oxlate monohydrate, uric acid, calcium oxalate and phosphate mixed stones and cystine-phosphate mixed stones. mCT-Scan results showed the mineral content of urinary stones such as calcium oxalate and cystine mixed stone, calcium oxalate, struvite, and cystine mixed stones, and calcium oxalate and uric acid mixed stones. This show that the two modalities are be able to determine the mineral content of urinary stones. It can be seen that the characteristic absorption spectrum of the FTIR for each sample is different and from the mCT-Scan image results, the HU value varies so that it indicates the mineral content of the observed urine stone sample are different.

Low-voltage SEM of urinary stones

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Peter Rez ◽  
Michail Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Calcium Oxalates ◽  
Recurrent Stone ◽  
Recurrent Stone Formers

Urinary stones are predominantly composed of calcium oxalate and calcium apatite while a minority of stones are formed from uric acid. The oxalate stones occur with greatest frequency, mainly in the form of the monohydrate (whellewite) with some dihydrate (wedellite) present. Despite many years of extensive research, the mechanisms for kidney stone nucleation and growth are still unknown. In particular the urine from recurrent stone formers, and the urine from those who do not form stones, does not show large differences in concentration of either calcium or oxalate ions. Recent work has emphasised the role of possible “inhibitors” or “promoters” in the growth of urinary stones though the quest for these substances remains elusive. Much effort has been devoted to the study of crystallization of calcium oxalates in an attempt to understand nucleation, aggregation and growth as a function of pH and the presence of possible promoters or inhibitors.Many analytical techniques have been applied to urinary stone analysis with X-ray diffraction, wet chemistry and infrared spectroscopy being the most successful for routine characterisation.

Highly Sensitive Biochemical Analysis Using Low-Temperature Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Fujii ◽  
Yuji Miyahara ◽  
Yoshio Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Infrared Absorption Bands

A sensitive infrared spectroscopic analysis of biochemical components in an aqueous solution is described. The infrared spectrum of an aqueous solution containing glucose, urea, and creatinine was measured at −4.7 °C by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal. The infrared absorption bands of these components increased by about 100 times at −4.7 °C as compared with those measured at 22 °C. This increase in the infrared absorption bands was found to occur because of segregation of the components toward the surface of the ATR crystal caused by solidification of the sample solution. The creatinine concentration in an aqueous solution, prepared in the physiological range of human blood, was also estimated at −4.7 and 22 °C by using the partial least-squares (PLS) method. The correlation coefficient between the predicted concentrations by PLS and the prepared concentrations was 0.95 at −4.7 °C, but was 0.07 at 22 °C. Thus, the precision of the determination of creatinine was remarkably improved by using the low-temperature measurement. Index Headings: Biochemical analysis; Low-temperature infrared spectroscopy; Solidification.

scholarly journals Bacteriological evaluation of bladder calculi: a study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation

Background: Despite modern antibiotic therapy and technological advances in lithotripsy, the presence of infection in patients with urinary stones, as well as with infectious stones is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent findings lend more theories as to how infection leads to stone formation.Methods: Bacteriological study was conducted on pre-operative urine and operated bladder stones. Pre-operative urine samples were collected aseptically for macroscopic and microscopic examination. Both pre-operative urine and operated renal stones were processed for bacteriological culture. The isolated microorganisms were identified by standard techniques.Results: Urinary tract infection was present in 27.88% cases. Majority of cases urine culture was positive (12.5%). E. coli was the commonest organism pseudomonas aerogenosa 3.84% klebsiella aureogenosa 1.92%, staphylococcus aureus and proteus 0.96% present in and mixed organism was found in 3.84% cases.Conclusions: This study revealed the following aspect: The incidence of urinary stone was higher in patient having predisposing factor: recurrent UTI, Urinary Stasis, Inadequent water intake, anatomical abnormality in urinary tract. The prepoderent microorganism found in stone and urine is E coli, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus.

scholarly journals A 13 year hospital based study on the Trend of Urinary Stone Disease in Uttarakhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 949-958
Author(s):  
Monica Kakkar ◽  
Rakesh Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Keywords Urolithiasis

Background: The present retrospective study on urinary stone disease in the Uttarakhand state was necessitated as no study has been done yet. Methods: A retrospective study covering a period of about 13 years (2005-18) was conducted on the urinary stones removed from the patients, admitted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. The incidence of the disease, site of stones in urinary tract upon diagnosis, composition of removed stones and occurrence of a possible co-relationship between the incidence of the urinary stone disease at different times, age, sex, religion of the patients was investigated. Results: The frequency of occurrence of urinary stones in males was found to be almost three times more as compared to their female counterparts. The above trend was consistent over the entire period of the study. Interestingly, in the Muslim and Sikh population of the area, females were found to be less prone to the problem as compared to their Hindu counterparts.  However, in all religious groups, 21-40 years old subjects were found to be most susceptible to the problem and approximately 90% of the urinary stones were recovered from the kidneys and primarily composed of calcium oxalate. Conclusion: The co-relationship between the occurrence of urinary stones with age, sex of the patients, their religion & site of stones on diagnosis was found to be statistically significant.  Keywords: Urolithiasis, Urinary Stone disease, Urinary calculus, Renal stones.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Urinary Stones

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Ghanshyam Sigdel ◽  
Nirmal Lamichhane ◽  
Sudeep Raj K.C. ◽  
W.K. Belokar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Stone Formers

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is a common urological problem. Chemical analysis of the urinary stones is a part of metabolic evaluation of first time or recurrent stone formers. The report of chemical analysis of stones may obviate the need for complete metabolic evaluation or can direct metabolic evaluation. In this study we aim to find out the chemical compositions of urinary stones in our population, so that the result might serve as a baseline for the related research in future. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in our institute with the qualitative chemical analysis of urinary stones. All patients operated for different urinary stones by various methods were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software (SPSS) Program for windows ® version 18. Results: A total of 55 patients were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 1.75. Mean age was 41.45 years. Ureteric and renal stones were most common accounting to 49 and 31 percentage respectively. All stones contained calcium. Calcium, phosphate, oxalate and uric acid were the major constituents of the stones representing 100, 94.5, 85.5 and 80 percentage of the stone specimen. Other constituents were amino acids, carbonate, magnesium and cystine. Conclusions: Urinary stones are of mixed chemical compositions. Further large scale prospective studies along with other parameters of metabolic work up are recommended to know more about the chemical compositions of urinary stones and its utility in clinical practice.

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