scholarly journals Bacteriological evaluation of bladder calculi: a study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation

Background: Despite modern antibiotic therapy and technological advances in lithotripsy, the presence of infection in patients with urinary stones, as well as with infectious stones is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent findings lend more theories as to how infection leads to stone formation.Methods: Bacteriological study was conducted on pre-operative urine and operated bladder stones. Pre-operative urine samples were collected aseptically for macroscopic and microscopic examination. Both pre-operative urine and operated renal stones were processed for bacteriological culture. The isolated microorganisms were identified by standard techniques.Results: Urinary tract infection was present in 27.88% cases. Majority of cases urine culture was positive (12.5%). E. coli was the commonest organism pseudomonas aerogenosa 3.84% klebsiella aureogenosa 1.92%, staphylococcus aureus and proteus 0.96% present in and mixed organism was found in 3.84% cases.Conclusions: This study revealed the following aspect: The incidence of urinary stone was higher in patient having predisposing factor: recurrent UTI, Urinary Stasis, Inadequent water intake, anatomical abnormality in urinary tract. The prepoderent microorganism found in stone and urine is E coli, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus.

Use of non-contrast computed tomography determined urinary stone fragility in predicting the outcome of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy treatment: a single-center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Athar Hameed ◽  
Khazir Hayyat Gondal
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Renal Calculus ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Fisher Exact Test

Background: Renal stones represent a common urological pathology where standard treatment advised is ESWL in current practice. However, NCCT based determination of stone fragility may help to predict the outcome of ESWL treatment, hence optimizing its clinical use. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of NCCT determined urinary stone fragility in predicting the outcome of ESWL treatment in local clinical settings. Patients and methods: One hundred patients with single renal calculus of 0.6-2 cm in size were included. NCCT based determination of stone fragility in HU units was done for all patients. Patients were then subjected to ESWL, with a maximum of 3000 shock waves given per ESWL session. Plain film and/or ultrasonography was used to monitor ESWL treatment progress with a final NCCT evaluation at 12 weeks to determine the clearance of the calculi for each patient. Association of NCCT based stone fragility and outcome of ESWL was statistically analyzed using Fisher exact test. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.7 ± 10.9 years with 54% being male. Decreasing stone fragility on NCCT (high = <500HU, moderate = 500-1000HU, and high = 1000HU) required more number and intensity of ESWL sessions (1-2 visits and 3000-6000 shock waves for high stone fragility group, 3-5 visits and 7000-18000 shock waves for the moderate group, and 6 visits and >18000 shock waves for low fragility group, respectively) necessary for clearance of urinary stones (p<0.001). In 98% of patients, the clearance of urinary stones was excellent. Conclusion: Renal stone patients with NCCT determined high and moderate stone fragility show an optimal response after ESWL treatment, whereas, for low fragility renal stones attenuative treatment like percutaneous nephrolithotomy and/or ureteroscopy should be considered instead of ESWL. This approach can enable patient stratification before ESWL therapy ensuring better clinical management of the renal stone disease.

Bacteriological Evaluation of Retail Ground Beef, Frozen Beef Patties, and Cooked Hamburger

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. DUITSCHAEVER ◽  
D. H. BULLOCK ◽  
D. R. ARNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation ◽  
G 28

A total of 108 samples of fresh refrigerated ground beef, 99 samples of frozen hamburger patties, and 107 fried hamburgers, purchased from retail stores and fast-food outlets in Ontario, were analyzed for their bacteriological quality. About 44% of non-frozen ground beef samples had aerobic plate counts exceeding 50 million/g; 50 of 108 samples (46.3%) contained Staphylococcus aureus and 46 of these 50 samples (88%) exceeded 1000 organisms/g; 43 of 108 samples were positive for Escherichia coli with 38 samples (88.4%) exceeding 500 organisms/g. About 19% of frozen hamburger patties had aerobic plate counts in excess of 10 million/g; 93 of 99 samples (93.9%) contained S. aureus with 83 of these samples (89.3%) exceeding 1000 organisms/g; 28 of 99 samples were positive for E. coli with 7 of these samples (25%) exceeding 500 organisms/g. About 96.3% of fried hamburger samples had aerobic plate counts of less than 10,000/g.

scholarly journals Advantages of Herbal Over Allopathic Medicine in the Management of Kidney and Urinary Stones Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Saurabh Nimesh ◽  
Vrish Dhwaj Ashwlayan ◽  
Rubi Rani ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Herbal Therapy ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Based Medicine

Kidney and urinary stone disease (Nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis) are the condition where urinary stones or calculi are formed in the urinary tract. The problem of urinary stones is very ancient; these stones are found in all parts of the urinary tract, kidney, ureters, and the urinary bladder and may vary considerably in size. It is a common disease estimated to occur in approximately 12% of the population, with a recurrence rate of 70-81% in males and 47-60% in females. The treatment of kidney and urinary stone diseases such as a western (allopathy) medicine and surgery is now in trends. However, most people preferred plant-based (herbal) therapy because of the overuse of allopathic drugs, which results in a higher incidence rate of adverse or severe side effects. Therefore, people every year turn to herbal therapy because they believe plant-based medicine is free from undesirable side effects, although herbal medicines are generally considered to be safe and effective. In the present article, an attempt has been made to emphasize an herbal therapy is better than allopathic therapy for the management of the kidney and urinary stone disease.

scholarly journals A bacteriological study of septicemia in Hilla city

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana S. Al-Taweel
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Intravascular Devices ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Septicemia is a serious bloodstream infection; it can quickly become life-threatening.  The current study aimed to isolate and identify the causative agents of septicemia cases with reference to the antibiogram test.  52 blood samples were collected from a number of incomings and those who lie in Hilla general hospital. After incubation and culturing on suitable media, 30 samples gave growth of one or two species of bacteria. A total of 33 bacterial isolates were obtained, most of them (16 isolates) were belong to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., followed by E. coli (6 isolates), Pseudomonas sp. (5 isolates), Streptococcus sp. (2 isolates), and one isolate for each of Staphylococcus aureus,  Streptococcus pneumonia, Acinetobacter sp., and Listeria monocytogenes. When antibiotics sensitivity test was accomplished, most Staphylococcus spp. were sensitive for daptomycin and had high resistance to both of vancomycin and clindamycin, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive for most the used antibiotics. Half of E. coli isolates were sensitive, while the second half were resistant to the used antibiotics. Imipenem inhibited the growth of all Pseudomonas isolates, whereas 80% of them were resistant to amikacin. The epidemiology of bacteremia is altering with the aging of the population, shifts in healthcare, and progress in medicine, such as increased use of immunosuppressive treatment, intravascular devices, and invasive procedures.

scholarly journals A clinical study of urinary tract infections in diabetics and non-diabetics patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
C. Sayee Sankar Vinod ◽  
Vishnu Anjan Nareddy ◽  
M. V. Nagabhushana
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Recurrent Uti ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The main aim of the present study is to investigate the differences in clinical, microbiological, characteristics of Urinary tract infection between diabetic and non-diabetic patients and influence of diabetes on the spectrum of URO pathogens and the antimicrobial resistance in patients with urinary tract infections.Methods: The present study is conducted from February 2018-April 2019 in Narayana general hospital. A total of 181 diabetics and 124 non-diabetics are included. A thorough history examination investigations done. The final data was analysed using statistical package SPSS. The percentages in different categories were compared using chi square test and means were compared using student ‘t’ test.Results: The mean age among diabetic and non-diabetic patients was 60.2+/-13.79 years and 53.47+/-18.56 years. Fever is the most common presenting symptom. BPH was the most common predisposing factor in both diabetes and non-diabetes followed by indwelling catherization but there was no statistically significant difference. Diabetics with UTI majority (87.14%) had glyco HBA1C >6.5% with p<0.001. The prevalence of recurrent UTI is higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics however difference was not statistically significant. Recurrent UTI is higher in females in both diabetics and non-diabetics. The presence of E coli is significantly higher in diabetics compared to non- diabetics. The antimicrobial resistance pattern was similar in both diabetic and no-diabetic subjects in E coli with maximum sensitivity to meropenem and least to ampicillin and there is no statistically significant difference.Conclusion: The host factors found to be associated with UTI are female sex, presence of diabetes, poor glycemic control, presence of fever. No correlation was noted with age, duration of diabetes and type of treatment for diabetes. An elevated HBA1C correlates with occurrence of UTI. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most frequent uropathogen. The resistance of uropathogens to antibiotics are similar in patients with and without diabetes and non-diabetes.

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN CASES OF OSTEOMYELITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Spriha Smriti ◽  
Babita Kumari ◽  
Pratulya Nandan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Bone Cortex

Introduction- Osteomyelitis refers to infection of bone marrow which spread to the bone cortex and periosteum. Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by pyogenic bacteria. Despite greater advances in treatment the management of osteomyelitis is quite challenging due to increasing development of antibiotic resistance. Material and Methods -100 patients were evaluated. Samples like pus or exudates or pieces of necrotic tissue were taken. Samples were subjected to gram’s staining and culture. Antimicrobial sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS - Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated followed by E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae P. aeuroginosa and Proteus. Staphylococcus aureus + E coli was the most common polymicrobial organism isolated. In trauma cases most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamycin was the commonest antibiotic which was effective for treatment of osteomyelitis followed by amikacin, tobramycin and levofloxacin.In cases of gram positive organism max were seen to sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.

scholarly journals Analysis of Geriatric Infections and a Guide to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 694-698
Author(s):  
Mayanka A ◽  
Vasanthan K ◽  
Vengadakrishnan K ◽  
Sudagar Singh R.B ◽  
Senthil N
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Multiorgan Dysfunction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

BACKGROUND Elderly people have increased susceptibility to infection and are at significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to various common infections. Urinary tract and respiratory tract infections predominate in elderly people. Gram negative pathogens especially E. coli are commonly observed pathogens. In gram positive infections, staphylococcus is usually isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. METHODS Data was collected prospectively between the months of March 2015 and August 2016. Patient demographics and clinical data were recorded from oral questionnaires and hospital records. 219 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. All patients were subjected to basic investigations with blood and urine cultures at the time of admission. Other cultures like respiratory or pus cultures were collected as and when needed. Specific investigations such as ultrasound abdomen, computed tomography kidneys, ureters and bladder (CT KUB), CT thorax, echocardiography, neuroimaging and procalcitonin were done in certain patients when required. RESULTS Of the 219 patients included in this study, 127 (58 %) were males and 92 (42 %) were females. Mean age of the study population was 72.40. The most common source of bacteraemia was urinary in 33 % and was unknown in 25 %. The most common organism isolated in blood culture was Staphylococcus aureus followed by E. coli. Respiratory infections had unidentified pathogens in 81 % of patients. The most common organism isolated from respiratory secretions was klebsiella followed by acinetobacter and pseudomonas. 11 % of patients developed multi organ dysfunction syndrome of which urinary and respiratory systems were the most common primary sources of infection. CONCLUSIONS A significant incidence of unidentified source of infection was observed. Staphylococcus bacteraemia was a significant observation as E. coli is reported to be common. Urinary tract and respiratory infections were seen to be associated with increased incidence of multiorgan dysfunction. KEYWORDS Elderly, Febrile Illness, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Multiorgan Dysfunction

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Urinary Stones

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Ghanshyam Sigdel ◽  
Nirmal Lamichhane ◽  
Sudeep Raj K.C. ◽  
W.K. Belokar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Stone Formers

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is a common urological problem. Chemical analysis of the urinary stones is a part of metabolic evaluation of first time or recurrent stone formers. The report of chemical analysis of stones may obviate the need for complete metabolic evaluation or can direct metabolic evaluation. In this study we aim to find out the chemical compositions of urinary stones in our population, so that the result might serve as a baseline for the related research in future. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in our institute with the qualitative chemical analysis of urinary stones. All patients operated for different urinary stones by various methods were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Software (SPSS) Program for windows ® version 18. Results: A total of 55 patients were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 1.75. Mean age was 41.45 years. Ureteric and renal stones were most common accounting to 49 and 31 percentage respectively. All stones contained calcium. Calcium, phosphate, oxalate and uric acid were the major constituents of the stones representing 100, 94.5, 85.5 and 80 percentage of the stone specimen. Other constituents were amino acids, carbonate, magnesium and cystine. Conclusions: Urinary stones are of mixed chemical compositions. Further large scale prospective studies along with other parameters of metabolic work up are recommended to know more about the chemical compositions of urinary stones and its utility in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Study on Risk Factors and Microorganisms for Surgical Site Infection following Caesarean Section among 100 Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Sayma Afroz ◽  
Maliha Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli

Background: Lower uterine caesarean section is a common mode of delivery now and surgical site infection is one of the most common and dreaded complication of surgery. It is associated with significant morbidity and delayed recovery and it lengthens hospital stay and costs. Identifying risk factors for surgical site infection in caesarean wound and modifying them can be beneficial for patient management during surgery and optimizing good clinical outcome. Identifying microorganisms with their sensitivity has epidemiological as well as therapeutic implications. Objective: To identify risk factors for surgical site infection in caesarean section wound and find out microorganisms responsible for such infection. Materials and Methods: In this study 100 women with surgical site infection after caesarean section were included. They were selected randomly from four maternity units of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Each patient of caesarean section was followed strictly up to discharge from hospital and also for 30 days postoperatively for any evidence of infection. Wound swab was sent in each case for microbiological study. Data were collected in structured questionnaire and analysed by computer using spreadsheet. Results: Among 100 women studied, 73% had inadequate or no antenatal check-up, 52% had duration of labour pain >12 hours, 52% had duration of ruptured membrane >12 hours, 94% women underwent emergency caesarean section, 62% had operation time >1 hour, 61% had haemoglobin level <60%, 46% women had intervention by untrained birth attendant, and 43% women had >500 mL blood loss during operation. In bacteriological study, microorganisms were identified in 55% cases, among them Staphylococcus aureus (20%), E. coli (11%), Acinetobacter (7%), Pseudomonas (6%) and Proteus (5%). During sensitivity test Staphylococcus aureus was mostly sensitive to ceftriaxone (50%) and amikacin (33%) and E. coli to amikacin (80%). In four cases (2 proteus and 2 pseudomonas) out of 55 organisms were resistant to all antibiotics. Conclusion: Most of the risk factors for surgical site infection during caesarean section identified in this study can be modified through intervention. However, the microorganisms detected from our patients showed a high degree of resistance for commonly prescribed antimicrobials in our set-up. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(2): 90-96

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