scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Induced by Excess of Adiposity Is Related to a Downregulation of Hepatic SIRT6 Expression in Obese Individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos C. Carreira ◽  
Andrea G. Izquierdo ◽  
Maria Amil ◽  
Felipe F. Casanueva ◽  
Ana B. Crujeiras
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

Sirt6 is a member of the sirtuin family involved in physiological and pathological processes including aging, cancer, obesity, diabetes, and energy metabolism. This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between liver SIRT6 gene expression and the oxidative stress network depending on adiposity levels in Zucker rats, an animal model of metabolic syndrome. We observed that liver-specific SIRT6 expression is reduced in an in vivo model of spontaneous obesity and metabolic syndrome. We also observed that SIRT6 expression in the liver is positively associated with SIRT1 and GST-M2 expressions, two proteins involved in antioxidant protection pathways and inversely related to body weight and plasmatic oxidative status. Interestingly, the SIRT6 expression is upregulated after energy restriction-induced weight loss concomitantly with an improvement in oxidative stress markers. These results suggest that SIRT6 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, such as liver disease.

Biochemical and Morphological Parameters of Inbred/Outbred Lines and DBCB Tetrahybrid Mouse in High-Sugar In Vivo Model of Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Apryatin ◽  
K. V. Mzhel’skaya ◽  
N. V. Trusov ◽  
A. S. Balakina ◽  
Kh. S. Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
High Sugar

scholarly journals Lipid Peroxidation as a Link Between Unhealthy Diets and the Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold N. Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Unhealthy diets, such as those high in saturated fat and sugar accelerate the development of non-communicable diseases. The metabolic syndrome is a conglomeration of disorders such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose regulation and dyslipidemia, which increases the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing globally, and dietary interventions may help to reverse this trend. A good understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms is needed for the proper design of such interventions. This chapter discusses how lipid peroxidation is associated with the development of this syndrome, mainly through the formation of bioactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein and glyoxal, which modify biomolecules to induce cellular dysfunction, including the enhancement of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. It gives a current understanding of the mechanisms of formation of these aldehydes and how dietary components such as saturated fatty acids promote oxidative stress, leading to lipid oxidation. It also outlines mechanisms, apart from free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching, by which various dietary constituents prevent oxidative stress and lipid oxidation in vivo.

scholarly journals The Foodborne Strain Lactobacillus fermentum MBC2 Triggers pept-1-Dependent Pro-Longevity Effects in Caenorhabditis elegans

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Schifano ◽  
Paola Zinno ◽  
Barbara Guantario ◽  
Marianna Roselli ◽  
Sante Marcoccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Gut Colonization

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are involved in several food fermentations and many of them provide strain-specific health benefits. Herein, the probiotic potential of the foodborne strain Lactobacillus fermentum MBC2 was investigated through in vitro and in vivo approaches. Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an in vivo model to analyze pro-longevity and anti-aging effects. L. fermentum MBC2 showed a high gut colonization capability compared to E. coli OP50 (OP50) or L. rhamnosus GG (LGG). Moreover, analysis of pumping rate, lipofuscin accumulation, and body bending showed anti-aging effects in L. fermentum MBC2-fed worms. Studies on PEPT-1 mutants demonstrated that pept-1 gene was involved in the anti-aging processes mediated by this bacterial strain through DAF-16, whereas the oxidative stress protection was PEPT-1 independent. Moreover, analysis of acid tolerance, bile tolerance, and antibiotic susceptibility were evaluated. L. fermentum MBC2 exerted beneficial effects on nematode lifespan, influencing energy metabolism and oxidative stress resistance, resulted in being tolerant to acidic pH and able to adhere to Caco-2 cells. Overall, these findings provide new insight for application of this strain in the food industry as a newly isolated functional starter. Furthermore, these results will also shed light on C. elegans molecular players involved in host-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette vapor with cigarette smoke on lung function and inflammation in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. L662-L672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Glynos ◽  
Sofia-Iris Bibli ◽  
Paraskevi Katsaounou ◽  
Athanasia Pavlidou ◽  
Christina Magkou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Stress Markers

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are advertised as a less harmful nicotine delivery system or as a new smoking cessation tool. We aimed to assess the in vivo effects of e-cig vapor in the lung and to compare them to those of cigarette smoke (CS). We exposed C57BL/6 mice for either 3 days or 4 wk to ambient air, CS, or e-cig vapor containing 1) propylene glycol/vegetable glycerol (PG:VG-Sol; 1:1), 2) PG:VG with nicotine (G:VG-N), or 3) PG:VG with nicotine and flavor (PG:VG-N+F) and determined oxidative stress, inflammation, and pulmonary mechanics. E-cig vapors, especially PG:VG-N+F, increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellularity, Muc5ac production, as well as BALF and lung oxidative stress markers at least comparably and in many cases more than CS. BALF protein content at both time points studied was only elevated in the PG:VG-N+F group. After 3 days, PG:VG-Sol altered tissue elasticity, static compliance, and airway resistance, whereas after 4 wk CS was the only treatment adversely affecting these parameters. Airway hyperresponsiveness in response to methacholine was increased similarly in the CS and PG:VG-N+F groups. Our findings suggest that exposure to e-cig vapor can trigger inflammatory responses and adversely affect respiratory system mechanics. In many cases, the added flavor in e-cigs exacerbated the detrimental effects of e-cig vapor. We conclude that both e-cig vaping and conventional cigarette smoking negatively impact lung biology.

scholarly journals Chronic hyperinsulinemia reduces insulin sensitivity and metabolic functions of brown adipocyte

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujith Rajan ◽  
Kripa Shankar ◽  
Muheeb Beg ◽  
Salil Varshney ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

The growing pandemics of diabetes have become a real threat to world economy. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are closely associated with the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. In pretext of brown adipocytes being considered as the therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance, we have tried to understand the effect of hyperinsulinemia on brown adipocyte function. We here with for the first time report that hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in brown adipocyte is also accompanied with reduced insulin sensitivity and brown adipocyte characteristics. CI treatment decreased expression of brown adipocyte-specific markers (such as PRDM16, PGC1α, and UCP1) and mitochondrial content as well as activity. CI-treated brown adipocytes showed drastic decrease in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and spare respiratory capacity. Morphological study indicates increased accumulation of lipid droplets in CI-treated brown adipocytes. We have further validated these findings in vivo in C57BL/6 mice implanted with mini-osmotic insulin pump for 8weeks. CI treatment in mice leads to increased body weight gain, fat mass and impaired glucose intolerance with reduced energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. CI-treated mice showed decreased BAT characteristics and function. We also observed increased inflammation and ER stress markers in BAT of CI-treated animals. The above results conclude that hyperinsulinemia has deleterious effect on brown adipocyte function, making it susceptible to insulin resistance. Thus, the above findings have greater implication in designing approaches for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes via recruitment of brown adipocytes.

The relationship of oxidative stress markers and parameters of myocardial function in a rat model of cardiotoxicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premysl Mladenka ◽  
Tomáš Filipský ◽  
Michal Ríha ◽  
Jaroslava Vávrová ◽  
Magdalena Holecková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Myocardial Function ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Melatonin Modulation of Sirtuin-1 Attenuates Liver Injury in a Hypercholesterolemic Mouse Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bonomini ◽  
Gaia Favero ◽  
Luigi Fabrizio Rodella ◽  
Mohammed H. Moghadasian ◽  
Rita Rezzani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Stress Signals

Hypercholesterolemia increases and exacerbates stress signals leading also to liver damage (LD) and failure. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is involved in lifespan extension and it plays an essential role in hepatic lipid metabolism. However, its involvement in liver hypercholesterolemic damage is not yet completely defined. This in vivo study evaluated the role of SIRT1 in the hypercholesterolemic-related LD and, then, investigated how oral supplementation of melatonin, pleiotropic indoleamine, may be protective. Control mice and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE−/−) of 6 and 15 weeks of age were treated or not treated with melatonin at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks. In this study, we evaluated serum biochemical markers, liver SIRT1 expression, and oxidative stress markers. We observed that hypercholesterolemia increased significantly serum cholesterol and triglycerides, reduced significantly liver SIRT1, and, in turn, induced hepatic oxidative stress in untreated ApoE−/− mice with respect to control mice. Interestingly, melatonin treatment improved serum biochemical markers and hepatic morphological impairment and inhibited oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties and also by SIRT1 upregulation. In summary, melatonin oral supplementation may represent a new protective approach to block hypercholesterolemic liver alterations involving also a SIRT1-dependent mechanism.

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