Comparative Protective Effects of N-Acetylcysteine, N-Acetyl Methionine, and N-Acetyl Glucosamine against Paracetamol and Phenacetin Therapeutic Doses–Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Background and Aims. Both paracetamol (PA) and phenacetin (PH) are analgesic and antipyretic agents. Part of phenacetin therapeutic activity is attributed to its metabolism into paracetamol. Paracetamol causes direct hepatic oxidative stress damage. The present study aimed to investigate the possible damaging effects of both PA and PH, when used in therapeutic doses, on rat liver and to compare the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), N-acetyl-methionine (NAM), and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) against PA- or PH-induced hepatic damage. Methods. 90 male Wistar albino rats (120-140 gm) were undertaken, categorized randomly into 9 groups of 10 rats each, and administered by gavage for 2 weeks with DMSO 1% (controls), PA, PA+NAC, PA+NAM, PA+NAG, PH, PH+NAC, PH+NAM, and PH+NAG. Biochemical assays of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in liver homogenates and serum assays of ALT, AST, 8-hydroxy guanine (8-OH-Gua), and AFP were done. Also histopathological examinations of liver tissues in various groups were done. Results. PA and PH cause significant increase in hepatic levels of MDA, NO, and AFP and serum ALT, AST, and 8-OH-Gua levels, with significant decrease in hepatic GSH and total thiols. NAG and NAC significantly improve the PA- and PH-induced hepatic and blood, biochemical, and histopathological disturbances, respectively. Conclusions. Both PA and PH induce oxidative stress in rat liver within their therapeutic doses. NAG and NAC in pharmacological doses can antagonize the oxidative damaging effect of both PA and PH.

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Role of Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Leptin and Adiponectin in Organophosphorus-Induced Insulin Resistance in Wistar Albino Rats

Asian journal of biochemical and pharmaceutical research ◽

10.24214/ajbpr/8/2/5866 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

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Renal Alterations Induced by Chronic Exposure to Therapeutic Doses of Antihypercholestremic Atorvastatin

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530321666210106105059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Amin Al-Doaiss ◽

Yazun Jarrar ◽

Ali Shati ◽

Mohammad Alfaifi ◽

Mohammed Al-Kahtani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Albino Rats ◽

Blood Capillary ◽

Renal Cells ◽

Ultrastructural Alterations ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Basement Membrane Thickening ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Myelin Figure ◽

Therapeutic Doses ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background: Atorvastatin (ATOR) is widely used for the treatment and prevention of hypercholesterolemia and various diseases, such as cardiovascular complication, with little data about the histopathological and ultrastructural renal alterations that might be induced by this drug. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential toxicity of therapeutic doses of atorvastatin on the microanatomy and ultrastructure of renal tissues from Wistar albino rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats received an oral daily dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 90 consecutive days. Biopsies from both kidneys of each study rat were taken for histopathological and ultrastructural examination. Results: ATOR-treated rats exhibited glomerular, tubular, and interstitial histological alterations, including degeneration, necrosis, hyaline droplets, edema, cortical hemorrhages, mesangial hypercellularity, and blood capillary dilation and congestion. In addition, ATOR exposure increased the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase with a concurrent reduction in proteins and neutral mucosubstances content of the glomeruli and renal cells. Moreover, ATOR-treated animals demonstrated glomerular ultrastructural alterations, consisting mainly of capillary tuft dilatation, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and mesangial cell proliferation. The renal cells of the proximal tubules demonstrated damaged mitochondria, degenerative cellular changes, endoplasmic reticulum dilatation, lysosomal and autophagosome activation, nuclear alteration, myelin figure formation, and microvilli disorganization. Conclusion: The findings of the present work may indicate that ATOR can induce renal histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural alterations that may affect kidney and other vital organ function.

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The Impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 as Protection Against Busulfan-Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Adult Rats

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190723131511 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 578-586

Author(s):

Areeg M. Abdelrazek ◽

Shimaa A. Haredy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Coenzyme Q10 ◽

Protective Role ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Stress Damage ◽

The Impact ◽

Liver Tissues

Background: Busulfan (Bu) is an anticancer drug with a variety of adverse effects for cancer patients. Oxidative stress has been considered as a common pathological mechanism and it has a key role in the initiation and progression of liver injury by Bu. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 and their protective role against oxidative stress damage in liver tissues. Methods and Material: Thirty-six albino rats were divided equally into six groups. G1 (con), received I.P. injection of DMSO plus 1 ml of distilled water daily by oral gavages; G2 (Bu), received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of the distilled water daily; G3 (L-Car), received 1 ml of L-Car orally; G4 (Bu + L-Car) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of L-Car, G5 (CoQ10) 1 ml of CoQ10 daily; and G6 (Bu + CoQ10) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of CoQ10 daily. Results: The recent data showed that Bu induced significant (P<0.05) elevation in serum ALT, AST, liver GSSG, NO, MDA and 8-OHDG, while showing significant (P<0.05) decrease in liver GSH and ATP. On the other hand, L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 ameliorated the negative effects prompted by Bu. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 in liver tissues reported pathological alterations in Bu group while also showed significant recovery in L-Car more than CoQ10. Conclusion: L-Car, as well as CoQ10, can enhance the hepatotoxic effects of Bu by promoting energy production in oxidative phosphorylation process and by scavenging the free radicals.

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Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract ofTabernaemontana divaricata(L.) R. Br. against DEN and Fe NTA Induced Liver Necrosis in Wistar Albino Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/240243 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kannappan Poornima ◽

Palanisamy Chella Perumal ◽

Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Treated Group ◽

Hepatic Necrosis ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Liver Necrosis ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Tabernaemontana Divaricata ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

This study is an attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity ofTabernaemontana divaricataagainst DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis in rats. Ethanolic extract of the whole plant ofTabernaemontana divaricataat doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and 5-fluorouracil (standard drug) was orally administered to male Wistar Albino rats once daily for 24 weeks, simultaneously treated with the carcinogen DEN and Fe NTA. In simultaneously treated animals, the plant extract significantly decreased the levels of uric acid, bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes in liver. Treatment with the extracts resulted in a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants accompanied by a marked reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde when compared to DEN and Fe NTA treated group. When compared with 200 mg/kg bw rats, 400 mg/kg bw rats and 5-fluorouracil treated rats showed better results in all the parameters. The histopathological studies confirmed the protective effects of extract against DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis. Thus, it could be concluded that the use ofTabernaemontana divaricataextract in the treatment of carcinogen induced hepatic necrosis.

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Attenuation of erythrocyte membrane oxidative stress bySesbania grandiflorain streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/bcb-2015-0039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 385-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chandrabose Sureka ◽

Thiyagarajan Ramesh ◽

Vavamohaideen Hazeena Begum

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Erythrocyte Membrane ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Protective Effects

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Sesbania grandiflora flower (SGF) extract on erythrocyte membrane in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain, weighing 190–220 g, were made diabetic by an intraperitonial administration of STZ (45 mg/kg). Normal and diabetic rats were treated with SGF, and diabetic rats were also treated with glibenclamide as drug control, for 45 days. In this study plasma insulin and haemoglobin levels were decreased and blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation markers, and osmotic fragility levels were increased in diabetic rats. Moreover, erythrocytes antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were altered. Similarly, the activities of total ATPases, Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase were also decreased in the erythrocytes of diabetic rats. Administration of SGF to STZ-induced diabetic rats reduced blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels with increased levels of insulin and haemoglobin. Moreover, SGF reversed the protein and lipid peroxidation markers, osmotic fragility, membrane-bound ATPases activities, and antioxidant status in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that SGF could provide a protective effect on diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress-associated diabetic complications.

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Radix Dipsaci extract protects against Rosiglitazone induced bone loss

International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22192/ijcrcps.2021.08.09.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Khalid A Asseri ◽

◽

Yahya I Asiri ◽

Ali Alqahtani ◽

Krishnaraju Venkatesan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Diabetes Group ◽

Diabetic Osteoporosis

The dried root of Dipsacus asperoides is known as Radix Dipsaci extract(RDE). It's a kidney-toning herbal medication with a lengthy track record of safe usage in the treatment of bone fractures and joint disorders. The drug rosiglitazone (RSG) causes an imbalance in bone remodelling, which results in increased apoptotic death of osteogenic cells and decreased bone production. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of RDE on RSGinduced bone loss in diabetic rats in a systematic way. Five groups of six Wistar albino rats were studied: control (vehicle therapy), Streptozotocin (diabetes) group, RDE group, Rosiglitazone, and Rosiglitazone +RDE group. Insulin, oxidative stress, and bone turnover markers in the blood were all detected using ELISA tests. When compared to diabetic control rats, RDE therapy significantly raised insulin and osteocalcin levels. RDE may be able to prevent diabetic osteoporosis by boosting osteogenesis and lowering oxidative stress in the bone.These findings support the use of RDE as a bone loss inhibiting in diabetics. Well-designed clinical trials are likely to yield further scientific evidence on its bone-protective effects and safety. Keywords: Radix Dipsaci, Diabetic osteoporosis, Rosiglitazone.

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The protective effects of Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol against inflammation and oxidative stress in rat liver with fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/jphp.13042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 408-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alisa Bahar Beydogan ◽

Zeynep Mine Coskun ◽

Sema Bolkent

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Protective Effects ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Effects of erdosteine on cyclosporin-A-induced nephrotoxicity

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327111417907 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 565-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M Tutanc ◽

V Arica ◽

N Yılmaz ◽

A Nacar ◽

I Zararsiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cyclosporin A ◽

Protective Role ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Antioxidant Parameters ◽

Group 2 ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: In cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective role of erdosteine against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopy in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA, group 3 with CsA plus erdosteine, and group 4 with erdosteine alone. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels. Kidney sections were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as for histopathological changes. Results: In the CsA group, MDA, GSH-Px, BUN, and Cr levels were increased. The TP and ALB levels were decreased. These changes had been improved by erdosteine administration. Other biochemical parameters did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These results indicate that erdosteine produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.

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