scholarly journals Psychosocial Predictors of Bruxism

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Przystańska ◽  
Aleksandra Jasielska ◽  
Michał Ziarko ◽  
Małgorzata Pobudek-Radzikowska ◽  
Zofia Maciejewska-Szaniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Psychosocial Predictors ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Awake Bruxism

Objectives. The study aimed to investigate the psychosocial predictors of bruxism. The association of various psychosocial factors such as alexithymia, emotional processing, state and trait anxiety, and stress with awake bruxism was analysed. Methods. The study involved 52 volunteers diagnosed with awake bruxism. The toolkit that was used included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Emotional Processing Scale (EPS), the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the State- and Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI), with independent individual psychological diagnoses being made for every patient. The results were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24. Results. The obtained data clearly show that psychological traits—both permanent dispositions (e.g., state anxiety and alexithymia) and temporary states (e.g., trait anxiety, emotional processing deficits, and psychological stress)—are significant determinants of awake bruxism. The percentage of explained variance indicates the presence of other factors as well. Conclusions. Psychosocial factors such as state anxiety and trait anxiety, alexithymia, and perceived stress are as important as somatic causes in the occurrence and maintenance of awake bruxism. The profile of the obtained data suggests the possibility of preventing or minimizing the symptoms of awake bruxism through properly constructed psychoprophylactic interactions.

scholarly journals During Vigilance to Painful Stimuli: Slower Response Rate Related to High Trait Anxiety, whereas a Faster Response Rate is related to High State Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Meeker ◽  
Nichole M. Emerson ◽  
Jui-Hong Chien ◽  
Mark I. Saffer ◽  
Oscar Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Lower Response Rate ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

A pathological increase in vigilance, or hypervigilance, may be related to pain intensity in some clinical pain syndromes and may result from attention bias to salient stimuli mediated by anxiety. During a continuous performance task where subjects discriminated painful target stimuli from painful nontargets, we measured detected targets (hits), nondetected targets (misses), nondetected nontargets (correct rejections), and detected nontargets (false alarms). Using signal detection theory, we calculated response bias, the tendency to endorse a stimulus as a target, and discriminability, the ability to discriminate a target from nontarget. Due to the relatively slow rate of stimulus presentation our primary hypothesis was that sustained performance would result in a more conservative response bias reflecting a lower response rate over time on task. We found a more conservative response bias with time on task and no change in discriminability. We predicted that greater state and trait anxiety would lead to a more liberal response bias. A multivariable model provided partial support for our prediction; high trait anxiety related to a more conservative response bias (lower response rate), while high state anxiety related to a more liberal bias. This inverse relationship of state and trait anxiety is consistent with reports of effects of state and trait anxiety on reaction times to threatening stimuli. In sum, we report that sustained attention to painful stimuli was associated with a decrease in the tendency of the subject to respond to any stimulus over time on task, while the ability to discriminate target from nontarget is unchanged.

scholarly journals Salivary cortisol responses to acute stress in students with myofascial pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Bozovic ◽  
Nedeljka Ivkovic ◽  
Maja Racic ◽  
Sinisa Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Introduction/Objective. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are characterized by the appearance of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction of the masticatory system. The aims of this study were to evaluate the salivary cortisol levels in students with chronic myofascial pain (MFP) related to TMD during oral exam, as well as to analyze the correlation between salivary cortisol levels, TMD-related MFP, the level of anxiety, depression symptoms, somatization, and perceived stress. Methods. The study included 60 university students, who were allocated either into the group of students with MFP (n = 30) or into the control group of healthy students (n = 30). The level of salivary cortisol was measured on the exam day and during the control day when the students had no exams. Depression symptoms, somatization, perceived stress and anxiety were evaluated according to Axis II RDC/TMD, Perceived Stress Scale and State?Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results. Levels of salivary cortisol were significantly higher in the group of students with MFP in all phases of measurements compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Students with MFP also showed significantly higher depression symptoms, somatization, and trait anxiety scores than the control group. No significant group differences were found on the scales measuring state anxiety and perceived stress. The level of salivary cortisol was found to be in correlation with depression symptoms, state anxiety, and perceived stress, but not with chronic pain, somatization, and trait anxiety in students with TMD. Conclusion. Salivary cortisol could be an important indicator of psychological distress in TMD.

scholarly journals Anxiety Levels of Primary Caregivers of Children With Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110406
Author(s):  
Zeynep Reyhan Onay ◽  
Tugba Ramasli Gursoy ◽  
Tugba Sismanlar Eyuboglu ◽  
Ayse Tana Aslan ◽  
Azime Sebnem Soysal Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Moment State

We aim to evaluate the anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. Caregivers of 31 children with tracheostomy and 105 healthy children (control group) were included. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered via teleconference in order to investigate how participants describe how they feel at a particular moment (State) and how they generally feel (Trait). The trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy were significantly higher ( P = .02). Their state anxiety levels were similar. The state and trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy correlated ( r = 0.70, P < .001). At the end of the teleconference, caregivers of children with tracheostomy experienced greater anxiety relief than controls ( P < .001). Trait anxiety scores were higher among caregivers of children with tracheostomy, but their state anxiety levels were comparable to those of controls. Caregivers with high trait anxiety also exhibited high state anxiety. Informing caregivers of children with tracheostomy about COVID-19 via teleconference can reduce their anxiety during such stressful times.

Note on the Validity of the Dutch State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with Surgical Patients

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333-1334
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. J. Smorenburg ◽  
C. Kors Van Der Ent ◽  
Benno Bonke
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

The present study assessed the test-retest scores of a Dutch version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after surgery. The State and Trait-Anxiety scales of a Dutch version were administered to 159 surgical patients on the day before the operation and again three days later. After surgery, a significant decrease was found in State Anxiety and anxiety assessed by the two subscales within this scale, i.e., State Anxiety present and State Anxiety absent. Trait anxiety decreased only slightly.

Comeditation: An Exploratory Study of Pulse and Respiration Rates and Anxiety

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fasko ◽  
Geri Hall ◽  
Michael R. Osborne ◽  
Richard W. Boerstler Hulen Kornfeld
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seriously Ill

To achieve deep relaxation in seriously ill persons, Tibetan medicine has employed a breathing process, known as “comeditation,” which requires a caregiver to focus attention on the chest of the reclining patient while making a sound or number keyed to the patient's exhalation. This study investigated the relationship between state and trait anxiety and lowered respiratory rate, using the comeditation procedure. Ten subjects were assigned randomly to either a control or comeditation group. Anxiety was measured on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analysis indicated a decrease in State-Anxiety scores in the comeditation group, but no differences between groups in pulse and respiration rates or trait anxiety. Implications for theory and research are discussed.

Implicit but Stable

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Ceschi ◽  
Rainer Banse ◽  
Martial Van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mental Control ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Explicit Measure ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

This study investigates the malleability of explicit and implicit anxiety through mental imagery. Sixty adults imagined themselves in an anxious, calm, or neutral situation. Thereafter, explicit state and trait anxiety were assessed with self-reports, and implicit anxiety was assessed with a variant of the Implicit Association Test. The results indicate that imagery manipulation changed state anxiety in the expected direction. Explicit trait anxiety and implicit anxiety, however, were found to be stable. These findings suggest that the implicit self-concept of anxiety has trait-like characteristics and is as stable against a short-term voluntary mental control strategy as an established explicit measure of trait anxiety.

scholarly journals Examining Group Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategies and the State and Trait Anxiety of Lifeguards and Non-Lifeguards in a Real-World Precompetitive Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Calverly ◽  
Paul Davis ◽  
Jack Harvey ◽  
Christopher Mesagno
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Somatic State

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences, between swimmer-lifeguards and swimmer-non-lifeguards, in trait and state anxiety and emotion regulation techniques in a real-life precompetitive situation with a secondary focus on gender differences. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Sport Anxiety Scale – 2 and the Mental Readiness Form – 3 were distributed to 100 participants at university swimming competitions in the United Kingdom. Swimmer-lifeguards displayed significantly lower cognitive (p=.03) and somatic state (p=.05) anxiety and cognitive trait anxiety (p=.02) than swimmer-non-lifeguards. Males reported significantly lower levels of cognitive and somatic trait anxiety (ppp=.01); no other effects were observed. These results support previous research regarding lifeguard characteristics, however the nature of these qualities and how they originate require further exploration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale in a Student Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aivars Kaupuzs ◽  
Zermena Vazne ◽  
Svetlana Usca
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">Problems with anxiety are one of the most common presenting problems for university students that affect the mental health. A sample of students (total n=318) were administered Spielberger's State and Trait Anxiety Scale. The demographics of the participants included 38.4% (n = 122) males and 61.6 % (n =196) females, participants ranged in ages from 18 to 25 years old. The average age of respondents was 20.92 (SD =2.07). This study was conducted to evaluate of psychometric properties of the Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form in a student sample. The internal consistency for the STAI was calculated by Cronbach alpha coefficient (α = 0,809). Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation was performed to assess the factor structure for the total sample that yielded four factors. Descriptive statistics were also calculated for the sample. They were found to be moderately trait anxious (M = 38.89, SD = 8.92) with lower state anxiety (M = 35.79, SD = 9.80). The findings of this study suggest that the scale was shown to be reliable and may be valid for measuring anxiety in a student sample.</span></em></p>

Effects of Defensiveness on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Redfering ◽  
John G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The State ◽  
Ego Strength ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
University Seniors

105 Naval Aviation Officer Cadets and 105 male university seniors were administered on one occasion the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Barron Ego Strength Scale, and the MMPI K Scale as measures of psychological defensiveness. It was expected that the cadets who were in a highly stressful environment would score higher on state anxiety and psychological defensiveness. In contrast to the impressive accumulation of research showing that the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory can discriminate between state and trait anxiety in a contrived situation, in this study the inventory did not differentiate between the two dimensions when tested in vivo. Moreover, increased defensiveness related negatively with reported anxiety levels. It was suggested that the authors of the inventory include a “correction” factor (measure of defensiveness) to attenuate the inventory's vulnerability to distortion by defensive subjects.

Trait and State Anxiety in People Who Stutter and People Who Do Not Stutter

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Palasik ◽  
Farzan Irani ◽  
Alexander M. Goberman
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Recording Session ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Previous research suggests that people who stutter (PWS) tend to have heightened general anxiety (i.e., trait anxiety) and situational anxiety (i.e., state anxiety) compared to people who do not stutter (PWDS). Most research with anxiety and stuttering utilizes self-perception scales; however, few studies have looked at anxiety over time. The current study examined self-reported state and trait anxiety in PWS and PWDS over six weeks, along with an investigation of the effects of audio-recording on anxiety. Results indicated no significant group differences in trait (general) anxiety over six weeks; however trends indicated that PWS may have increased trait anxiety compared to PWDS. Furthermore, for both groups, state (situational) anxiety was lower after a recording session compared to before.

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