scholarly journals Circulating Leukocytes and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: A State of the Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Speranza Rubattu ◽  
Maurizio Forte ◽  
Salvatore Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Oxidative Stress Level ◽  
The Impact

Increased oxidative stress from both mitochondrial and cytosolic sources contributes to the development and the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and it is a target of therapeutic interventions. The numerous efforts made over the last decades in order to develop tools able to monitor the oxidative stress level in patients affected by CVDs rely on the need to gain information on the disease state. However, this goal has not been satisfactorily accomplished until now. Among others, the isolation of circulating leukocytes to measure their oxidant level offers a valid, noninvasive challenge that has been tested in few pathological contexts, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, and heart failure. Since leukocytes circulate in the blood stream, it is expected that they might reflect quite closely both systemic and cardiovascular oxidative stress and provide useful information on the pathological condition. The results of the studies discussed in the present review article are promising. They highlight the importance of measuring oxidative stress level in circulating mononuclear cells in different CVDs with a consistent correlation between degree of oxidative stress and severity of CVD and of its complications. Importantly, they also point to a double role of leukocytes, both as a marker of disease condition and as a direct contributor to disease progression. Finally, they show that the oxidative stress level of leukocytes reflects the impact of therapeutic interventions. It is likely that the isolation of leukocytes and the measurement of oxidative stress, once adequately developed, may represent an eligible tool for both research and clinical purposes to monitor the role of oxidative stress on the promotion and progression of CVDs, as well as the impact of therapies.

Development of the Express Method for Determining the Oxidative Stress Level of the Population

Food Industry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Pastushkova ◽  
Olga V. Chugunova ◽  
Leonid S. Volkanin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Express Method ◽  
Oxidative Stress Level

scholarly journals Neonatal Immune System Ontogeny: The Role of Maternal Microbiota and Associated Factors. How Might the Non-Human Primate Model Enlighten the Path?

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Natalia Nunez ◽  
Louis Réot ◽  
Elisabeth Menu
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Neonatal Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Colonization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Primate

Interactions between the immune system and the microbiome play a crucial role on the human health. These interactions start in the prenatal period and are critical for the maturation of the immune system in newborns and infants. Several factors influence the composition of the infant’s microbiota and subsequently the development of the immune system. They include maternal infection, antibiotic treatment, environmental exposure, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and food introduction. In this review, we focus on the ontogeny of the immune system and its association to microbial colonization from conception to food diversification. In this context, we give an overview of the mother–fetus interactions during pregnancy, the impact of the time of birth and the mode of delivery, the neonate gastrointestinal colonization and the role of breastfeeding, weaning, and food diversification. We further review the impact of the vaccination on the infant’s microbiota and the reciprocal case. Finally, we discuss several potential therapeutic interventions that might help to improve the newborn and infant’s health and their responses to vaccination. Throughout the review, we underline the main scientific questions that are left to be answered and how the non-human primate model could help enlighten the path.

scholarly journals Antioxidants Promote Intestinal Tumor Progression in Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan V. Zou ◽  
Kristell Le Gal ◽  
Ahmed E. El Zowalaty ◽  
Lara E. Pehlivanoglu ◽  
Viktor Garellick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Intestinal Tumor ◽  
Adenomatous Polyposis ◽  
Intestinal Tumors ◽  
The Impact

Dietary antioxidants and supplements are widely used to protect against cancer, even though it is now clear that antioxidants can promote tumor progression by helping cancer cells to overcome barriers of oxidative stress. Although recent studies have, in great detail, explored the role of antioxidants in lung and skin tumors driven by RAS and RAF mutations, little is known about the impact of antioxidant supplementation on other cancers, including Wnt-driven tumors originating from the gut. Here, we show that supplementation with the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin E promotes intestinal tumor progression in the ApcMin mouse model for familial adenomatous polyposis, a hereditary form of colorectal cancer, driven by Wnt signaling. Both antioxidants increased tumor size in early neoplasias and tumor grades in more advanced lesions without any impact on tumor initiation. Importantly, NAC treatment accelerated tumor progression at plasma concentrations comparable to those obtained in human subjects after prescription doses of the drug. These results demonstrate that antioxidants play an important role in the progression of intestinal tumors, which may have implications for patients with or predisposed to colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Regulation of miRNAs by Natural Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on SIRT1 and eNOS

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Yunna Lee ◽  
Eunok Im
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The potential benefits of natural antioxidants derived from supplemental nutrients against CVDs are well known. Remarkably, natural antioxidants exert cardioprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress, increasing vasodilation, and normalizing endothelial dysfunction. Recently, considerable evidence has highlighted an important role played by the synergistic interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the maintenance of endothelial function. To provide a new perspective on the role of natural antioxidants against CVDs, we focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), which are important posttranscriptional modulators in human diseases. Several miRNAs are regulated via the consumption of natural antioxidants and are related to the regulation of oxidative stress by targeting eNOS and/or SIRT1. In this review, we have discussed the specific molecular regulation of eNOS/SIRT1-related endothelial dysfunction and its contribution to CVD pathologies; furthermore, we selected nine different miRNAs that target the expression of eNOS and SIRT1 in CVDs. Additionally, we have summarized the alteration of miRNA expression and regulation of activities of miRNA through natural antioxidant consumption.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Dental Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
César Esquivel-Chirino ◽  
Juan Carlos Gómez-Landeros ◽  
Erika Patricia Carabantes-Campos ◽  
Daniela Carmona-Ruiz ◽  
Yolanda Valero-Princet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Impact

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition that alters the periodontium, resulting in destruction of the alveolar bone; without treatment the condition may lead to tooth loss. Dental implants are an alternative for substitution of naturally lost teeth as they have high success rates; however, some factors are related to its failure. Peri-implantitis (PI) is a pathological condition that affects the tissues surrounding dental implants and has been reported as the major cause of implant failure; PI and periodontal diseases are characterized by tissue inflammation and bone damage. In homeostasis conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be involved in cell maintenance, signal transduction, and repair of all tissues, but ROS overaccumulation leads to oxidative stress, which generates cell damage and tissue destruction; likewise, antioxidants protect against the destructive effects of ROS by turning free radicals into waste products. The main purpose of this review was to determine some aspects of inflammatory responses and oxidative stress and analyze their relationship with the lack of osseointegration and PI.

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