Correlations of Corneal Spherical Aberration with Astigmatism and Axial Length in Cataract Patients

Purpose. To clarify the distribution of corneal spherical aberrations (SAs) in cataract patients with different corneal astigmatism and axial length. Setting. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science of the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Design. Retrospective case series. Methods. The axial length, corneal SAs, and other corneal biometrics were collected in cataract patients with Pentacam HR and IOLMaster 500. The statistical analysis of the corneal SAs was based on the stratification of axial length and anterior corneal astigmatism. Results. In total, 6747 eyes of 6747 patients were recruited, with 2416 eyes (58.17 ± 16.81 years old) in the astigmatism group (anterior corneal astigmatism ≥1 D) and others (61.82 ± 12.64 years old) in the control group. In patients with astigmatism <2 D, the total and anterior SAs decreased as the axial length increased (P<0.001). The total corneal SAs of patients with astigmatism of 2-3 D stabilized at around 0.29 μm, whereas those of patients with anterior corneal astigmatism ≥3 D tended to be variable. Age and anterior corneal astigmatism had positive and negative effects, respectively, on SA in the regression model. Conclusions. Axial length has a negative effect on the anterior and total corneal SAs, which stabled around 0.33 μm and 0.30 μm in patients with axial length of ≥26 mm, respectively. Individualized SA adjustments are essential for patients undergoing aspheric toric IOL implantation with preoperative anterior corneal astigmatism of 1-2 D or ≥3 D. Toric IOLs with a negative SA of −0.20 μm are recommended for patients with anterior corneal astigmatism of 2-3 D if no customized therapy is warranted.

Download Full-text

Eyes of Aniso-Axial Length Individuals Share Generally Similar Corneal Biometrics with Normal Eyes in Cataract Population

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/4760978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Min Zhang ◽

Tianhui Chen ◽

Michael Deng ◽

Jiahui Chen ◽

Qinghe Jing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Axial Length ◽

Case Series ◽

High Order ◽

Corneal Astigmatism ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Corneal Aberrations ◽

Length Group ◽

Cataract Patients ◽

High Order Aberrations ◽

Anterior Corneal Astigmatism

Aims. To determine the characteristics of corneal biometrics in eyes from aniso-axial length cataract patients compared with eyes from non-aniso-axial length individuals. Methods. This is a retrospective case series. Cataract patients with preoperative binocular measurements were recruited. A binocular axial difference of ≥1 mm was considered to indicate aniso-axial length. The anterior segmental biometrics were measured using Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and IOLMaster 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Comparisons of biometrics were made among 4 eye conditions: the longer eyes from aniso-axial length patients, the shorter eyes from aniso-axial length patients, the longer eyes from non-aniso-axial length patients, and the shorter eyes from non-aniso-axial length patients. The aniso-axial length eyes were also stratified into 8 subgroups with axial length (AL) increments of 1 mm, and the biometrics of the subgroups were compared. Results. There was smaller anterior corneal astigmatism in the shorter aniso-axial length group than those in the longer aniso-axial length group (1.01 ± 0.70 D vs 1.12 ± 0.76 D, P = 0.031 ). The longer aniso-axial length eyes had greater anterior corneal steep curvature (44.13 ± 1.69 D vs 43.87 ± 1.69 D, P = 0.009 ) and anterior corneal astigmatism (1.12 ± 0.76 D vs 1.02 ± 0.69 D, P = 0.023 ) compared with longer non-aniso-axial length subjects. Other corneal biometrics were similar between the aniso-axial length eyes and the non-aniso-axial length eyes. In the longer aniso-axial length group, the posterior corneal aberrations of eyes in the ≥5 mm subgroups were greater than those in the <5 mm subgroups (0.879 ± 0.183 μm vs 0.768 ± 0.178 μm for total aberrations, P < 0.001 ; 0.228 ± 0.086 μm vs 0.196 ± 0.043 μm for high-order aberrations, P = 0.036 ; 0.847 ± 0.173 μm vs 0.741 ± 0.179 μm for low-order aberrations, P = 0.001 ). Conclusion. Eyes of aniso-axial length individuals share generally similar corneal biometrics with normal eyes in cataract population. Anterior corneal astigmatism of the longer eyes from the aniso-axial length cataract patients was higher than that of the longer eyes from the non-aniso-axial length individuals. Total posterior corneal aberrations of the longer aniso-axial length eyes increased when the binocular axial difference was over 5 mm.

Download Full-text

Power Vector Analysis of Corneal Astigmatism among Chinese over Fifty Years Old: a retrospective cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17216/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yilin Pang ◽

Xiaoguang Cao ◽

Xianru Hou ◽

Li Yuan ◽

Yongzhen Bao

Keyword(s):

Axial Length ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Corneal Astigmatism ◽

Vector Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cataract Patients

Abstract Background: To investigate the relationship between corneal astigmatism and age, axial length (AL) among Chinese over fifty years old. Methods: This study enrolled 1,082 right eyes of age-related cataract patients over 50 years old in the clinic of Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China. Axial length, magnitude and meridian of anterior corneal astigmatism were measured by IOLMaster. Restricted cubic splines and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to investigate the relationship of the magnitude of cornea astigmatism to age and AL. Power vector analysis method and linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship of the meridian of astigmatism to age and AL. Results: For this study , mean age, AL, and corneal astigmatism value were 72.45 ±9.28 years, 23.90±1.93mm, and 1.12±0.74D, respectively. The magnitude of corneal astigmatism was 0.75D or higher in 63.8% eyes. The magnitude of corneal astigmatism increased with age after 65 years old. This correlation was statistically significant when AL was between 22.00mm and 26.00mm. The vector value in J 0 was inversely correlated with age. The mean vector value change from with-the-rule (WTR) to against-the-rule (ATR) corneal astigmatism was 0.22D/10 years during 50-65 years old and 0.15D/10 years during 65-85 years old, and was 0.22D/10 years in male and 0.12D/10 years in female, respectively. Conclusions: A large proportion of elderly Chinese cataract patients over 50 years old have corneal astigmatism more than 0.75D . There was a non-linear trend from WTR astigmatism towards ATR astigmatism with age, which was more obvious in elder age and in male. When AL is between 22.00mm and 26.00mm, the magnitude of corneal astigmatism increases with age after 65 years old.

Download Full-text

Down-Expression of Kinin Receptors in Allergic Nasal Polyps Epithelia: An Immunohistochemistry Study

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599819900899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 162 (3) ◽

pp. 375-381

Author(s):

Meir Warman ◽

Yonatan Lahav ◽

Monica Huszar ◽

Liad Hadad ◽

Doron Halperin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Nasal Polyps ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Case Series ◽

Control Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Kinin Receptors ◽

Immunohistochemistry Staining ◽

Academic Center ◽

B2 Receptors

Objectives To investigate the expression of B1 and B2 receptors in patients with nasal polyps (NPs) compared to controls. Study Design Retrospective case series. Settings Single academic center. Subjects and Methods Nasal biopsies of patients with NPs were compared to inferior turbinates of control patients. Comparisons included basic demographics and comorbidities, intensity of inflammation, and immunohistochemical staining of B1 and B2 receptors measured by immunohistochemistry staining scores (ISSs). Results A total of 41 patients were enrolled, with 21 patients (51.2%) in the NP group and 20 patients as controls. No differences were found in the prevalence of allergic comorbidities and smoking between the groups. The NP group demonstrated significantly higher prevalence of moderate and severe mononuclear infiltrates compared to the control group (57.1% vs 5.3%, P < .001). The NP group had significantly lower B1 expression in smooth muscle compared to the control group (mean ISS 0.22 vs 1.56, P < .001, respectively) and significantly more B2 expression in epithelial cells (mean ISS 1.81 vs 0, P < .001, respectively). Conclusion Patients with NPs exhibit different expression patterns of B1 and B2 compared to control patients. This implies that bradykinin receptor regulation participates in the pathogenesis of NPs.

Download Full-text

A systematic review on conservative and non-operative treatment options for Osgood-Schlatter disease

10.31236/osf.io/u4vn7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cornelia Neuhaus ◽

Christian Appenzeller-Herzog ◽

Oliver Faude

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Operative Treatment ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Case Series ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Review Articles ◽

Knee Pathology

Background: Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is a sport- and growth-associated knee pathology with painful osteochondrosis around the tibial tuberosity. Up to 10% of adolescents are affected by OSD. Treatment is primarily conservative or non-operative and includes injections, ice, braces, casts, tape and/or physiotherapy. However, treatment outcomes are often insufficiently described and there is lack of evidence for current best practice.Objective: The aims of this systematic review are to comprehensively identify conservative or non-operative treatment options for OSD, to compare their effectiveness in selected outcomes, and to describe potential research gaps. and to describe potential research gaps.Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE via Ovid, and PEDro were searched through to January 6, 2020. In addition, ongoing and unpublished clinical studies, dissertations, and other grey literature on OSD were retrieved. We included prospective, retrospective, case control, randomised, and non-randomised studies reporting on the effectiveness of any conservative or non-operative treatment of 6- to 28-year-old OSD patients. Studies written in English, German, or French were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and extracted outcome data were narratively synthesized. In addition, we also systematically retrieved review articles for extraction of treatment recommendations.Results: Of 767 identified studies, thirteen were included: two randomised controlled trials (RCTs), two prospective and eight retrospective observational studies, and one case series. Eight studies had no control group. The included studies were published from 1948 to 2019 and included 747 patients (563 male, 119 female, 65 sex not reported) with 937 affected knees. The study quality was poor to moderate. The two included RCTs examined the effectiveness of surplus dextrose-injection in OSD patients treated with local anaesthetics injection and came to opposite conclusions. Other than that, inter-study heterogeneity prohibited any descriptive cumulative analyses. Among the 15 review articles, the most prevalent treatment recommendations were activity modification (15/15), quadriceps and hamstring stretching (13/15), medication (11/15), ice (11/15), strengthening of the quadriceps (9/15), and knee straps or brace (8/15).Conclusion: Conflicting evidence exists to support the use of dextrose injections. Certain therapeutic approaches, such as stretching, seem to work, but no RCT comparing specific exercises with sham or usual care treatment exists. Carefully controlled studies on well- described treatment approaches are needed to establish which conservative or non-operative treatment options are most effective for patients with OSD.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of corneal high-order aberrations in adolescents with mild to moderate myopia

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-020-01727-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xu Zhang ◽

Jin-Hui Ma ◽

Xin Xi ◽

Lin Guan

Keyword(s):

Spherical Aberration ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Corneal Astigmatism ◽

Surface Shape ◽

Corneal Surface ◽

Corneal Aberrations ◽

Anterior Posterior ◽

High Order Aberrations ◽

Posterior Corneal Curvature ◽

Anterior Corneal Astigmatism

Abstract Background This study investigated the characteristics of corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the anterior surface, posterior surface, and total cornea in adolescents with mild to moderate myopia. Methods A total of 183 patients with myopia (183 eyes) aged 8 to 18 years were enrolled in this study. The axial length (AL) of the eyes was measured by an IOL-Master, and corneal curvatures (K-values) and HOAs were measured by a Pentacam anterior segment diagnostic analyzer. Results Results of this study showed that the anterior, posterior and total corneal horizontal coma Z31 were − 0.1249 ± 0.105 μm, 0.0009 ± 0.001 μm, and − 0.1331 ± 0.116 μm, respectively; the anterior, posterior and total corneal vertical coma Z3− 1 were − 0.0212 ± 0.164 μm, 0.0003 ± 0.043 μm, and − 0.0216 ± 0.168 μm, respectively; and spherical aberration (SA) Z40 values were 0.2244 ± 0.091 μm, 0.1437 ± 0.029 um, and 0.1889 ± 0.090 μm, respectively. Total corneal Z31 was statistically correlated with posterior corneal astigmatism (K2b − K1b) (p = 0.038). Total corneal Z3− 1 was correlated with anterior corneal astigmatism (K2f − K1f) (p = 0.027). Anterior, posterior, and total corneal Z40 were correlated with anterior and posterior corneal curvature (K1f, K2f, K1b, K2b) (p = 0.001). Posterior corneal Z40b was also significantly correlated with AL. Conclusions In adolescents with mild to moderate myopia, the posterior corneal surface shape may play a compensatory role in the balance of corneal aberrations, and the posterior corneal SA tended to become less negative as the AL increased. The corneal coma may also play a compensatory role in posterior corneal surface astigmatism, which was valuable for the treatment for improving visual quality. This conclusion still needs to be verified.

Download Full-text

C02 Laser-assisted Phonosurgery for Benign Glottic Lesions

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.157 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. P48-P48

Author(s):

Marcel Geyer ◽

Gian-Peppino Ledda ◽

Neil C Tan ◽

Roberto Puxeddu Consultant

Keyword(s):

Co2 Laser ◽

Vocal Fold ◽

Voice Quality ◽

Case Series ◽

Functional Results ◽

Disease Recurrence ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

False Vocal

Objective (1) To determine glottic function following carbon dioxide (CO2) laser-assisted phonosurgery of benign laryngeal disease. (2) To evaluate post-operative glottic morphology and disease recurrence rate. Methods Comparative retrospective case series of patients with benign glottic pathology treated by laser-assisted phonosurgery over 10 years. 235 consecutive patients had pre- and postoperative data collected from objective laryngeal examination, videostroboscopy recording of vocal fold mucosal wave movement, electroacoustic voice analysis of fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and harmonics to noise ratio, as well as perceptual voice evaluation. This data was also compared to that of 20 healthy volunteers. (Statistical analysis: Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test respectively). Definitive voice and morphologic evaluation was completed after 6 months. Results Evaluation of the pre- and postoperative functional results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in all spectrographically analysed objective voice parameters (p<0.001), with a restored voice quality as good as the control group (p<0.001). Postoperative morphological analysis using videostroboscopic examination confirmed 3 recurrences of granuloma and 1 of Reinke's oedema. Recurrence was estimated objectively if the lesion was analogous to the original pathology. Glottic closure was complete in 96.5% of cases. False vocal fold adduction was normal in 88.5% of cases, with forced hyper-adduction being present in 11.5%. Phonatory vibration was cord-cord type in 100% of cases. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a statistically significant improvement in all acoustic parameters recorded. Postoperative vocal fold function and mucosal wave morphology were largely restored. CO2 laser-assisted voice restoration for benign glottic disease is effective.

Download Full-text

Distribution and internal correlations of corneal astigmatism in cataract patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91028-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuanfeng Jiang ◽

Ying Qin ◽

Shaochong Bu ◽

Hong Zhang ◽

Xiaomin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distribution Patterns ◽

Corneal Astigmatism ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

Summation Effect ◽

Age Related ◽

Cataract Patients ◽

Age Related Changes ◽

Anterior Corneal Astigmatism ◽

Posterior Corneal Astigmatism ◽

Total Corneal Astigmatism

AbstractThe aim of the study is to explore the distribution patterns and internal correlations of the morphological parameters of the cornea in patients with age-related cataract. The Pentacam HR was used to measure anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), total corneal astigmatism (TCA) and keratometric corneal astigmatism (KCA). With age, the proportion of with-the-rule (WTR) ACA decreased from 65.31% to 23.63%, while the against-the-rule (ATR) ACA increased from 26.53% to 56.20%. PCA exceeded 0.50 D in 9.14% of eyes, while 76.35% of them were ATR. The magnitude of ACA was positively correlated with PCA in the whole sample, with a more significant correlation in WTR eyes (sr = 0.349, P < 0.001). The vector summation effect of PCA to ACA changed from compensation to augmentation with aging. In 57.53% of WTR eyes, KCA was overestimated by an average of 0.21 ± 0.17 D, while it was underestimated by 0.38 ± 0.27 D in 87.62% of ATR eyes. In conclusion, among age-related cataract patients, ACA and TCA gradually shifted from WTR to ATR with aging, while most PCA remained as ATR. Ignoring the age-related changes and real PCA might cause overestimation of WTR astigmatism and underestimation of ATR astigmatism.

Download Full-text

Outcomes of Prophylactic Epiglottic Petiole Suspension at the Time of Complete Laryngofissure

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599819852619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 161 (4) ◽

pp. 652-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mathieu Bergeron ◽

Alessandro de Alarcon ◽

Catherine K. Hart ◽

Michael J. Rutter

Keyword(s):

Case Series ◽

Group Versus ◽

Exercise Intolerance ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Pediatric Hospital ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Airway Reconstruction

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical outcomes of patients with prophylactic petiole suspension (PPS) at the time of laryngofissure and patients without PPS.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTertiary pediatric hospital from May 2003 to August 2017.Subjects and MethodsPatients included those undergoing airway reconstruction with complete laryngofissure. Patients in the study group had PPS at the time of laryngofissure, while control group patients did not.ResultsEighty-one patients underwent complete laryngofissure (22 study patients, 59 controls) at a median age of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 2.1-9.7). Patients in the control group were younger at the time of the surgery (3.7 vs 6.5 years, P = .04). Other demographic and clinical data, including subglottic stenosis (SGS) grades, were similar. For patients with SGS, 53.8% and 46.2% in the study group had a grade 1-2 and 3-4 SGS, respectively, as compared with 46.2% and 53.8% in the control group ( P = .65). Manifestations of petiole prolapse included failure of decannulation (8.6%), exercise intolerance (16.0%), and obstructive sleep apnea (11.1%). After 4 years of follow-up, 4.5% of the study group versus 27.1% of the control group had prolapse of the petiole ( P = .04). Petiole prolapsed affected >50% of patients with no PPS after 10 years of follow-up. Patients with petiole prolapse at the first surveillance microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy after stent removal had an odds ratio of 10.2 (95% CI, 1.1-94.8; P = .04) of becoming symptomatic.ConclusionPatients with PPS had significantly fewer symptoms after complete laryngofissure as compared with patients without PPS. PPS should be considered when a complete laryngofissure is being performed during airway reconstruction.

Download Full-text

Is Routine Use of Drain Really Necessary for Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery? A Retrospective Case Series with a Historical Control Group

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1177/21925682211001801 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 219256822110018

Author(s):

Hae-Dong Jang ◽

Seong San Park ◽

Kyungbum Kim ◽

Eung-Ha Kim ◽

Jae Chul Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interbody Fusion ◽

Case Series ◽

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Control Group ◽

Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Hematoma Evacuation ◽

Additional Surgery ◽

Drain Group

Study Design: A retrospective case-control study. Objectives: The usefulness of a drain in spinal surgery has always been controversial. The purposes of this study were to determine the incidence of hematoma-related complications after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) without a drain and to evaluate its usefulness. Methods: We included 347 consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar disease who underwent single- or double-level PLIF. The participants were divided into 2 groups by the use of a drain or not; drain group and no-drain group. Results: In 165 cases of PLIF without drain, there was neither a newly developed neurological deficit due to hematoma nor reoperation for hematoma evacuation. In the no-drain group, there were 5 (3.0%) patients who suffered from surgical site infection (SSI), all superficial, and 17 (10.3%) patients who complained of postoperative transient recurred leg pain, all treated conservatively. Days from surgery to ambulation and length of hospital stay (LOS) of the no-drain group were faster than those of the drain group ( P < 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis, a drain insertion was found to have a significant effect on the delayed ambulation and increased LOS. No significant differences existed between the 2 groups in additional surgery for hematoma evacuation, or SSI. Conclusions: No hematoma-related neurological deficits or reoperations caused by epidural hematoma and SSI were observed in the no-drain group. The no-drain group did not show significantly more frequent postoperative complications than the drain use group, hence the routine insertion of a drain following PLIF should be reconsidered carefully.

Download Full-text

Assessment of the Influence of Keratometry on Intraocular Lens Calculation Formulas in Long Axial Length Eyes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-639671/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shengjie Yin ◽

Chengyao Guo ◽

Kunliang Qiu ◽

Tsz Kin Ng ◽

Yuancun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Lens ◽

Axial Length ◽

Case Series ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Power Calculation ◽

Prediction Errors ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Iol Power Calculation ◽

Iol Power ◽

Intraocular Lens Calculation

Abstract Purpose: Hyperopic surprises tend to occur in axial myopic eyes and other factors including corneal curvature have rarely been analyzed in cataract surgery, especially in eyes with long axial length (≥ 26.0 mm). Thus, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the influence of keratometry on four different formulas (SRK/T, Barrett Universal II, Haigis and Olsen) in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for long eyes.Methods: Retrospective case-series. 180 eyes with axial length (AL) ≥ 26.0 mm were divided into 3 keratometry (K) groups: K ≤ 42.0 D (Flat), K ≥ 46.0 D (Steep), 42.0 < K < 46.0 D (Average). Prediction errors (PE) were compared between different formulas. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with the PE.Results: The mean absolute error was higher for all evaluated formulas in Steep group (ranging from 0.66 D to 1.02 D) than the Flat (0.34 D to 0.67 D) and Average groups (0.40 D to 0.74D). The median absolute errors predicted by Olsen formula were significantly lower than that predicted by Haigis formula (0.42 D versus 0.85 D in Steep and 0.29 D versus 0.69 D in Average) in Steep and Average groups (P = 0.012, P < 0.001, respectively). And the Olsen formula demonstrated equal accuracy to the Barrett II formula in Flat and Average groups. The predictability of the SRK/T formula was affected by the AL and K, while the predictability of Olsen and Haigis formulas was affected by the AL only. Conclusions: Steep cornea has more influence on the accuracy of IOL power calculation than the other corneal shape in long eyes. Overall, both the Olsen and Barrett Universal II formulas are recommended in long eyes with unusual keratometry.

Download Full-text