scholarly journals Comparative Metabolic Profiling of Lycium Fruits (Lycium barbarum and Lycium chinense) from Different Areas in China and from Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Belinda Yossa Nzeuwa ◽  
Baofu Guo ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Liya Wang ◽  
Qian Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Lycium Chinense ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Comparative Metabolic Profiling

Lycium fruits (Lycium barbarum, Lycium chinense) are mainly cultivated and distributed in Northwest China. The fruits and root bark have been used in Chinese traditional medicine for centuries. In this study, Lycium dry fruit extracts from the main cultivation areas in China together with a sample from Nepal were subjected to a comparative metabolic profiling, including total carbohydrate content, total phenolic content, vitamin C content, carotenoid content, and mineral contents. Results showed that there was a slight difference in contents of nutrients and phytochemicals among samples from different areas. The total carbohydrate content was higher in the sample from Guazhou, Gansu province (69.47%), with an average value of total carbohydrate content of 61.59%, while the highest total phenolic content value was 14.13 mgGAE/g from Nepal. Data concerning vitamin C content ranged between 33.15 and 113.8 mg/100 g, with an average value of 55.29 mg/100 g. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate content in Lycium dry fruits ranged from 419.34 to 1008.90 μg/g among the different samples, with the highest content (1008.90 μg/g) observed in Tianjing. It appeared that we could not clearly differentiate Lycium samples in terms of their metabolic and mineral profile. The quantitative difference observed among samples might be linked to soil composition and environmental aspect of the harvest place. Our results were somehow in the same range as those reported in the literature. Therefore, Lycium fruits could be used as a dietary source of natural function foods and be worthy of development and utilization.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Smilax ovalifoliaRoxb. Ex D. Don

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Damaru Prasad Paneru ◽  
Meena Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content

Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts of S. ovalifoliawere screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals as well as their antibacterial activity. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoid and carbohydrate in methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts of S. ovalifolia. The antibacterial susceptibility was studied against E. coli and S. aureus. Among all the tested extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria. In the methanol and 50%, aqueous methanol extracts of S. ovalifolia, total phenolic, total flavonoid and total carbohydrate content were estimated, and free radical scavenging activity was determined. Total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically by using Folin- Ciocalteu reagent, total flavonoid content by using aluminium chloride and total carbohydrate content by using the anthrone method. Gallic acid was used as the standard for the calibration of phenolics, catechin for flavonoids and glucose for carbohydrates. The highest amount of phenolic and flavonoid were found in methanol extract (192.152±0.009 mg GAE/g extract and 78.188±2.719 mg CE/g extract), respectively. The highest amount of sugar was found in 50% methanol extract (190.585±2.445 mg GE/g extract). Methanol extract also showed good antioxidant activity (IC50 value 49.989 μg/ ml) than 50% aqueous methanol extract (IC50 72.021 μg/ml). The GC-MS analysis of hexane extract of S. ovalifolia allowed the identification of 16 Phyto-constituents based on retention time and the fragmentation pattern in the mass spectrum.

scholarly journals Physiological response of Moringa oleifera exposed to bisphenol A

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Gulcan Cinar ◽  
Muhittin Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Root Tissues

The physiological and morphological effects of different concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) on Moringa oleifera seedlings were determined in this study. Significant chlorosis and abscission were observed in leaves exposed to 50 mg/L of BPA. Photosynthetic pigment levels were affected differently by varying doses of BPA. Although the total carbohydrate content of seedling parts was increased by BPA, protein content was lowered by it, except in the case of roots at 1.5 mg/L of BPA. However, it was determined that the content of nonprotein sulphhydryl groups of seedling parts did not change significantly. The total phenolic content of root tissues showed an insignificant change; however, it was found that phenolic content increased in the stems and leaves following application of BPA. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in seedling tissues increased with increasing concentrations of BPA. Statistical analysis indicated that H2O2 content was significantly correlated with malondialdehyde content. These results clearly show that the application of BPA causes oxidative stress in seedling tissues.

scholarly journals Seasonal Patterns of Carbohydrates in Mandarin cvs. ‘Fremont’, ‘Nova’ and ‘Robinson’ on Different Rootstocks

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan YILDIZ ◽  
Mustafa KAPLANKIRAN ◽  
Turan Hakan DEMIRKESER ◽  
Celil TOPLU
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Continuous Decrease

The study was conducted at the experimental farm of Mustafa Kemal University, Dörtyol, Turkey during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ‘Troyer’ and ‘Carrizo’ citranges (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. × Citrus sinensis Osb. var. ‘Troyer’ and ‘Carrizo’), and common sour orange (Citrus aurantium L. var. common), rootstocks on the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in the leaves of cvs. ‘Fremont’, ‘Nova’, and ‘Robinson’ mandarin. The seasonal variation of carbohydrate content of the three cultivars budded on different rootstocks was nearly same. Soluble carbohydrate concentration showed a continuous decrease from January to mid or late-summer, and then slowly began to increase after early autumn till winter. The sucrose was the dominant soluble carbohydrate in leaves. The seasonal evolution of starch content in leaves increased initially during January to March, and then decreased in April. The starch concentration showed a continuous decrease slowly until the mid-autumn, and then accumulation began during late-autumn and winter. The total carbohydrate content differences among the rootstocks were significant, but the content was changed among the cultivars and according to the season. The change in the total carbohydrate content of leaf tissues showed a strong similarity in cultivars budded on different rootstocks throughout the year. The total carbohydrate content reached their lowest levels in July for cv. ‘Robinson’, in August for cv. ‘Fremont’ and cv. ‘Nova’. The total carbohydrate content in leaves increased from the mid- or late-summer to winter. It is suggested that the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in plant tissues can be considered during fertilization program in mandarin trees.

scholarly journals Seasonal and needle age-related variations in the biochemical characteristics of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deligöz Ayşe ◽  
Bayar Esra ◽  
Genç Musa ◽  
Karatepe Yasin ◽  
Kirdar Erol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Variations in the photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrate contents of needles of different age classes (current-year, 1-year-old, 2-year-old and 3-year-old) of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lambert) Holmboe trees in a young natural stand were investigated during the growing season. In current-year needles, total carbohydrate content was lower during June and July when the needle growth continued than in older age classes, but it was similar to other age classes in the months of August to October. Seasonal patterns of variations in total carbohydrate content were almost similar in 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old needles. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased from May to June, remained relatively constant or declined slightly during summer and autumn in 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old needles. In October, the pigment content was highest in 1-year-old needles, and lowest in 3-year-old needles. Our study indicated that total carbohydrate and pigment contents were affected by needle age classes and seasons.

scholarly journals Physiological Effects of Uniconazole, Gibberellin, and Calcium on Salt Injuries of Hibiscus syriacus and H. hamabo Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 899F-900
Author(s):  
Moo R. Huh ◽  
Beyoung H. Kwack ◽  
Leonard P. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Salt injury was induced by 5% (w/v) NaCl drenching on Hibiscus hamabo Sieb. & Zucc. and H. syriacus L. seedlings. Total chlorophyll content of H. hamabo was higher than that of H. syriacus. Uniconazole (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg·liter–1) treatment increased and 25- or 50-mg·liter–1 GA3 treatment decreased chlorophyll content of H. hamabo. Total chlorophyll content of H. syriacus was not affected by uniconazole or GA3. Total carbohydrate content of H. syriacus was more accumulated than that of H. homabo. Total carbohydrate content of H. hamabo was more decreased than that of H. syriacus by Ca (13.35 or 133.5 mM), uniconazole, or GA3 in relation to total carbohydrate contents. Protein contents of H. hamabo were higher than those of H. syriacus. Uniconazole or GA3 increased those of H. hamabo and decreased those of H. syriacus. Peroxidase activity of H. hamabo was higher than that of H. syriacus. Uniconazole decreased that of H. hamabo and increased that of H. syriacus. GA3 or Ca (13.35 mM) treatment increased that of both species. ATPase activity of H. hamabo was higher than that of H. syriacus. Uniconazole (5 mg·liter–1), GA3, or Ca decreased that of H. hamabo increased that of H. syriacus.

scholarly journals Composition analysis of selected Sri Lankan seaweeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M Jayakody ◽  
M.P.G Vanniarachchy ◽  
I. Wijesekara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Ulva Fasciata ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Contents

Seaweeds are a rich source of health beneficial bioactive nutraceuticals and currently they are under-utilized in Sri Lanka. In the present study, proximate analysis of seaweed varieties Chnoospora minima and Porphyra sp. obtained from Mirissa, Matara, Sri Lanka and Ulva fasciata was taken from Point Dondra Matara, Sri Lanka on June, 2018 were investigated. The moisture content, total fat content, protein content and ash content were determined according to the Official methods of Analysis by Association of Official Analytical Chemists after drying for 8h at 600 C. The results revealed that the moisture contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 13.24 ± 0.20, 14.30 ± 0.14 and 18.11 ± 0.01 respectively. Total fat contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 0.21 ± 0.11, 0.19 ± 0.03 and 0.28 ± 0.05 respectively. Protein contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 13.70 ± 0.2, 21.14 ± 0.04 and 11.84 ± 0.1. Total ash contents (%) of Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata were 17.20 ± 0.24, 5.40 ± 0.7 and 18.05 ± 0.21 respectively. Total carbohydrate content (%) was analyzed according to the Dubois method. Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata showed total carbohydrate content (%) as 3.87 + 0.66, 20.59 ± 0.24 and 7.68 ± 1.16 respectively. Moreover, the sulphate content was analyzed according to the precipitate method. Chnoospora minima, Porphyra sp. and Ulva fasciata showed 1.45 ± 0.35, 2.75 ± 0.07 and 4.54 ± 0.06, sulfate contents (%) respectively. In conclusion, highest ash content which indicates a good mineral content was observed in Ulva fasciata and Chnoospora minima. Fibre, protein and carbohydrate contents are significantly different among the 3 samples. Highest fibre content was observed in Chnoospora minima. Highest protein and carbohydrate contents were observed in Porphyra sp. But there is no significant difference in fat contents among the three samples.

scholarly journals Measurement of macroalgae total carbohydrate content found in Lendang Luar coast, Lombok, Indonesia for potential sources of bioethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
B T K Ilhami ◽  
A S Abidin ◽  
N W R Martyasari ◽  
N S H Kurniawan ◽  
H Padmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Analysis

Abstract Bioethanol is a renewable alternative energy through the process of fermenting sugar from carbohydrate sources by adding microorganisms such as yeast or bacteria. Macroalgae or known as seaweed is one of the producers in the marine environment which has a high carbohydrate content so that it can be used as raw material for bioethanol. Macroalgae contains specific carbohydrates including laminarin, mannitol, alginate, agar and polysaccharides. The high carbohydrate content indicates the ethanol content produced. The aim of the study was to initial screen total carbohydrates in red algae (G. latifolium and G rugosa) and brown algae (M rosea, S. crassifolium, S. cristaefolium, S. polycystum, P.australis and T. muray ana). Carbohydrate total analysis was performed by colorimetric assay using the BioVision kit. The overall carbohydrate content found in macroalgae samples in this study was 28.23 fig (DW)1. The highest carbohydrate content was obtained by G. latifolium (37.50 fig (DW)1), followed by G rugosa (34.27 fig (DW)1) and S. cristaefolium (33.33 fig (DW)1). Current results show that macroalgae exhibits sufficient amounts of carbohydrate which could potentially be further developed as source for biotehanol.

INFLUENCE OF CROPPING TREATMENTS ON THE MONOSACCHARIDE CONTENT OF THE HYDROLYSATES OF A SOIL AND ITS AGGREGATE FRACTIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. BALDOCK ◽  
B. D. KAY ◽  
M. SCHNITZER
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Fraction ◽  
Aggregate Fractions ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The influence of three cropping treatments on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the carbohydrate fraction of a silt loam soil and its water-stable aggregates was assessed. Three cropping treatments were considered: bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) grown continuously for 15 yr (B15), grain-corn (Zea mays L.) grown continuously using conventional tillage for 15 yr (C15), and grain-corn grown continuously for 13 yr followed by 2 yr of bromegrass (B13C2). Six water-stable aggregate size fractions ranging from 8.00–4.70 to 0.25–0.10 mm in diameter were separated from the soil by wet sieving. The carbohydrate fraction was extracted by acid hydrolysis, reduced, acetylated to alditol acetates and analyzed by temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography. Total carbohydrate content was not significantly influenced by cropping treatment but was observed to increase as aggregate size decreased irrespective of cropping treatment. The carbohydrate content in the different aggregate size fractions was positively correlated with both organic carbon and clay contents. With the exception of xylose and mannose, the monomeric sugars behaved similarly to total carbohydrates. Based on the magnitude of the ratio of the content of mannose to that of arabinose plus xylose, the contribution of plant carbohydrates to the total carbohydrate fraction increased as aggregate size decreased in the B15 treatment, but decreased in the C13B2 and C15 treatments. No significant correlations existed between either the total carbohydrate content or the content of individual sugars, and the stability of aggregates in the soils from the different cropping treatments. Key words: Wet aggregate stability, soil organic matter, soil structure, crop rotation, corn, bromegrass

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