scholarly journals Heads-Up 3D Surgery under Low Light Intensity Conditions: New High-Sensitivity HD Camera for Ophthalmological Microscopes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso Soiti Matsumoto ◽  
Masayuki Shibuya ◽  
Jun Makita ◽  
Takuhei Shoji ◽  
Hisato Ohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Low Illumination ◽  
3D Surgery ◽  
Display Monitor ◽  
Vitrectomy Surgery

Purpose. To determine the feasibility of performing intraocular surgeries in a heads-up position with low illuminance conditions by observing a display of the surgical field created by a three-dimensional imaging (3D) system. Methods. Seventy-four eyes of 56 patients underwent cataract surgery (72 eyes) with the heads-up 3D surgery system; 60 eyes with cataract surgery alone, 7 eyes with combined cataract and glaucoma microdevice implant surgery, 5 eyes with combined cataract and vitrectomy surgery, and two eyes with vitrectomy surgery alone were studied. The illuminance from the surgical microscope was set to be dimmer (Leica M822F40 main light 2%; otto-flex 6%) than the usual setting to minimize the discomfort and glare for the patient. The surgeries were performed under topical anesthesia. The luminance of the images observed through the eyepieces of the operating microscope and the image of a 3D system created by a high-sensitivity sensor Exmor R 3CMOS HD camera (Sony MCC-1000MD) were measured. Results. All surgeries were completed without any complications under the low illumination conditions. The surgical field on the display monitor was created by a 3D system using a high-sensitivity sensor camera and was observed in a heads-up position. The patients did not report any intolerable discomfort or glare during the surgery. Cataract surgeries were performed with a good view of the surgical field under the extremely low illumination from the surgical microscope. The high-sensitivity sensors and electronic amplifications of the image signals made the surgical field brighter and allowed the surgeon to perform the surgery confidently and safely. Conclusions. Heads-up, 3D-assisted intraocular surgeries can be performed safely and efficiently with low illuminance of the surgical field. This trial is registered with UMIN000037838.

scholarly journals Optimization of Surgeon Ergonomics With Three-dimensional Heads Up Display for Ophthalmic Surgeries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogita Gupta ◽  
Radhika Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Microscope ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Display Monitor

Abstract Purpose: To describe the variables that may be utilized in the optimization of three dimensional heads up surgeries (3D-HUS) for achieving better ergonomics among ophthalmic surgeons. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the operating room of a tertiary eye care centre, equipped with ARTEVO 800 3D surgical microscope and display monitor. The parameters noted were: monitor height (MH), surgeon eye to floor distance (ETFD) surgeon eye to monitor distance (ETMD) (Fig. 1a) and viewing tilt (VT) angle. The neck and eye strain of the surgeon and assistant were scored as per Borg’s CR-10 scale, before and after surgeries.Results: 15 surgeries were analysed. The minimum ETMD was 51 inches and eye strain reduced with shorted ETMD. VT and ETFD was higher for right eye surgeries. The optimum MH was between 50 to 55 inches. Overall, neck strain and eye strain were in the range of 0-3 and 0-1, respectively.Conclusion: The various parameters affecting 3D image quality, neck and eye strain are: chair height, viewing tilt angle, eye centration, monitor distance, laterality of the eye and room illumination.

Low-light-level three-dimensional video microscope with long working distance objective lenses

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
W. Lin ◽  
J. Gregorio ◽  
T.J. Holmes ◽  
D. H. Szarowski ◽  
J.N. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Initial Image ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Depth Discrimination ◽  
Video Microscope ◽  
Working Distance

A low-light level video microscope with long working distance objective lenses has been built as part of our integrated three-dimensional (3-D) light microscopy workstation (Fig. 1). It allows the observation of living specimens under sufficiently low light illumination that no significant photobleaching or alternation of specimen physiology is produced. The improved image quality, depth discrimination and 3-D reconstruction provides a versatile intermediate resolution system that replaces the commonly used dissection microscope for initial image recording and positioning of microelectrodes for neurobiology. A 3-D image is displayed on-line to guide the execution of complex experiments. An image composed of 40 optical sections requires 7 minutes to process and display a stereo pair.The low-light level video microscope utilizes long working distance objective lenses from Mitutoyo (10X, 0.28NA, 37 mm working distance; 20X, 0.42NA, 20 mm working distance; 50X, 0.42NA, 20 mm working distance). They provide enough working distance to allow the placement of microelectrodes in the specimen.

Efficient chemosensors for toxic pollutants based on photoluminescent Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal-organic networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis David Rosales-Vazquez ◽  
Alejandro Dorazco-González ◽  
Victor Sanchez-Mendieta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Organic Networks

Optical sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity, as important analytical tools for chemical and environmental research, can be accomplished by straightforward synthesis of luminescent one-, two- and three-dimensional Zn(II) and...

scholarly journals A flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor based on three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofibers

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 13898-13905
Author(s):  
Chuan Cai ◽  
He Gong ◽  
Weiping Li ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Qiushi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Pressure

A three-dimensional electrospun carbon nanofiber network was used to measure press strains with high sensitivity.

scholarly journals High-Performance On-Chip Silicon Beamsplitter Based on Subwavelength Metamaterials for Enhanced Fabrication Tolerance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Raquel Fernández de Cabo ◽  
David González-Andrade ◽  
Pavel Cheben ◽  
Aitor V. Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Fundamental Mode ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Excess Loss ◽  
Power Splitters ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Efficient Power

Efficient power splitting is a fundamental functionality in silicon photonic integrated circuits, but state-of-the-art power-division architectures are hampered by limited operational bandwidth, high sensitivity to fabrication errors or large footprints. In particular, traditional Y-junction power splitters suffer from fundamental mode losses due to limited fabrication resolution near the junction tip. In order to circumvent this limitation, we propose a new type of high-performance Y-junction power splitter that incorporates subwavelength metamaterials. Full three-dimensional simulations show a fundamental mode excess loss below 0.1 dB in an ultra-broad bandwidth of 300 nm (1400–1700 nm) when optimized for a fabrication resolution of 50 nm, and under 0.3 dB in a 350 nm extended bandwidth (1350–1700 nm) for a 100 nm resolution. Moreover, analysis of fabrication tolerances shows robust operation for the fundamental mode to etching errors up to ± 20 nm. A proof-of-concept device provides an initial validation of its operation principle, showing experimental excess losses lower than 0.2 dB in a 195 nm bandwidth for the best-case resolution scenario (i.e., 50 nm).

scholarly journals A Novel Suture Training System for Open Surgery Replicating Procedures Performed by Experts Using Augmented Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Nagayo ◽  
Toki Saito ◽  
Hiroshi Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Training System ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Interrupted Suture ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Surgical Field

AbstractThe surgical education environment has been changing significantly due to restricted work hours, limited resources, and increasing public concern for safety and quality, leading to the evolution of simulation-based training in surgery. Of the various simulators, low-fidelity simulators are widely used to practice surgical skills such as sutures because they are portable, inexpensive, and easy to use without requiring complicated settings. However, since low-fidelity simulators do not offer any teaching information, trainees do self-practice with them, referring to textbooks or videos, which are insufficient to learn open surgical procedures. This study aimed to develop a new suture training system for open surgery that provides trainees with the three-dimensional information of exemplary procedures performed by experts and allows them to observe and imitate the procedures during self-practice. The proposed system consists of a motion capture system of surgical instruments and a three-dimensional replication system of captured procedures on the surgical field. Motion capture of surgical instruments was achieved inexpensively by using cylindrical augmented reality (AR) markers, and replication of captured procedures was realized by visualizing them three-dimensionally at the same position and orientation as captured, using an AR device. For subcuticular interrupted suture, it was confirmed that the proposed system enabled users to observe experts’ procedures from any angle and imitate them by manipulating the actual surgical instruments during self-practice. We expect that this training system will contribute to developing a novel surgical training method that enables trainees to learn surgical skills by themselves in the absence of experts.

scholarly journals Pulsed Electromagnetic Cross-Well Exploration for Monitoring Permafrost and Examining the Processes of Its Geocryological Changes

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Glinskikh ◽  
Oleg Nechaev ◽  
Igor Mikhaylov ◽  
Kirill Danilovskiy ◽  
Vladimir Olenchenko
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vector Finite Element ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

This paper is dedicated to the topical problem of examining permafrost’s state and the processes of its geocryological changes by means of geophysical methods. To monitor the cryolithozone, we proposed and scientifically substantiated a new technique of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well sounding. Based on the vector finite-element method, we created a mathematical model of the cross-well sounding process with a pulsed source in a three-dimensional spatially heterogeneous medium. A high-performance parallel computing algorithm was developed and verified. Through realistic geoelectric models of permafrost with a talik under a highway, constructed following the results of electrotomography field data interpretation, we numerically simulated the pulsed sounding on the computing resources of the Siberian Supercomputer Center of SB RAS. The simulation results suggest the proposed system of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well monitoring to be characterized by a high sensitivity to the presence and dimensions of the talik. The devised approach can be oriented to addressing a wide range of issues related to monitoring permafrost rocks under civil and industrial facilities, buildings, and constructions.

scholarly journals Photogrammetric Digital Surface Model Reconstruction in Extreme Low-Light Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Riccardo Roncella ◽  
Nazarena Bruno ◽  
Fabrizio Diotri ◽  
Klaus Thoeni ◽  
Anna Giacomini
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Image Quality Assessment ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Geometrical Information ◽  
Imaging Sensors

Digital surface models (DSM) have become one of the main sources of geometrical information for a broad range of applications. Image-based systems typically rely on passive sensors which can represent a strong limitation in several survey activities (e.g., night-time monitoring, underground survey and night surveillance). However, recent progresses in sensor technology allow very high sensitivity which drastically improves low-light image quality by applying innovative noise reduction techniques. This work focuses on the performances of night-time photogrammetric systems devoted to the monitoring of rock slopes. The study investigates the application of different camera settings and their reliability to produce accurate DSM. A total of 672 stereo-pairs acquired with high-sensitivity cameras (Nikon D800 and D810) at three different testing sites were considered. The dataset includes different camera configurations (ISO speed, shutter speed, aperture and image under-/over-exposure). The use of image quality assessment (IQA) methods to evaluate the quality of the images prior to the 3D reconstruction is investigated. The results show that modern high-sensitivity cameras allow the reconstruction of accurate DSM in an extreme low-light environment and, exploiting the correct camera setup, achieving comparable results to daylight acquisitions. This makes imaging sensors extremely versatile for monitoring applications at generally low costs.

Recent Developments In Monochromatic Microprobe X-Ray Fluorescence (MMXRF)

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
Z. W. Chen ◽  
D. B. Wittry
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quantitative Microanalysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fifth Order

A monochromatic x-ray microprobe based on a laboratory source has recently been developed in our laboratory and used for fluorescence excitation. This technique provides high sensitivity (ppm to ppb), nondestructive, quantitative microanalysis with minimum sample preparation and does not require a high vacuum specimen chamber. It is expected that this technique (MMXRF) will have important applications in materials science, geological sciences and biological science.Three-dimensional focusing of x-rays can be obtained by using diffraction from doubly curved crystals. In our MMXRF setup, a small x-ray source was produced by the bombardment of a selected target with a focused electron beam and a toroidal mica diffractor with Johann pointfocusing geometry was used to focus characteristic x-rays from the source. In the previous work ∼ 108 photons/s were obtained in a Cu Kα probe of 75 μm × 43 μm in the specimen plane using the fifth order reflection of the (002) planes of mica.

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