scholarly journals Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla: A Promising Source for Stem Cell-Based Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kang ◽  
Wenguo Fan ◽  
Qianyi Deng ◽  
Hongwen He ◽  
Fang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Apical Papilla ◽  
Promising Source

Stem cells are biological cells that can self-renew and can differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Stem cell-based therapy is emerging as a promising alternative therapeutic option for various disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that are isolated from various tissues and can be used as an alternative to embryonic stem cells. Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are a novel population of MSCs residing in the apical papilla of immature permanent teeth. SCAPs present the characteristics of expression of MSCs markers, self-renewal, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and immunosuppression, which support the application of SCAPs in stem cell-based therapy, including the immunotherapy and the regeneration of dental tissues, bone, neural, and vascular tissues. In view of these properties and therapeutic potential, SCAPs can be considered as promising candidates for stem cell-based therapy. Thus the aim of our review was to summarize the current knowledge of SCAPs considering isolation, characterization, and multilineage differentiation. The prospects for their use in stem cell-based therapy were also discussed.

scholarly journals Evidence for existence of molecular stemness markers in porcine ovarian follicular granulosa cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Stefańska ◽  
Rafał Sibiak ◽  
Greg Hutchings ◽  
Claudia Dompe ◽  
Lisa Moncrieff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Promising Source

AbstractGranulosa cells (GCs) are important component of the follicle, a principal functional unit of the ovary. They undergo highly dynamic changes during folliculogenesis and play a vital role in oocyte’s maturation. Recently, it has been shown that GCs also exhibit stem cell properties, since they express OCT-4, Nanog, Sox-2, which are markers of pluripotency, as well as several mesenchymal stem cell markers, such as CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, CD117 or CD166. In addition, GCs are able to differentiate towards neurogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Since the use of embryonic stem cells in regenerative medicine is burdened with ethical concerns and the risk of immune rejection or teratoma formation, adult stem cells are emerging as a promising alternative. GCs especially seem to provide a promising source of stem cells, since they are easily obtainable during assisted reproduction techniques. In order to better understand the genetic changes taking place in proliferating granulosa cells cultured in vitro, we isolated GCs from 40 prepubertal gilts and cultured them in vitro for 168 h. After 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h of cultivation the total RNA was extracted, reverse transcription was conducted and RT-qPCR reaction was performed. We observed that CD44, CD90 and IGF1 were upregulated after the cultivation, whereas CD105 and LIF were downregulated. Collectively, our results confirm stemness potential of porcine GCs and provide an insight into the transcriptome changes during in vitro cultivation.Running title: Molecular stemness markers in porcine granulosa cells

scholarly journals Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Hope in the Treatment of Diseases, including Muscular Dystrophies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5467
Author(s):  
Daniela Gois Beghini ◽  
Samuel Iwao Horita ◽  
Cynthia Machado Cascabulho ◽  
Luiz Anastácio Alves ◽  
Andrea Henriques-Pons
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Ips Cells ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are laboratory-produced cells that combine the biological advantages of somatic adult and stem cells for cell-based therapy. The reprogramming of cells, such as fibroblasts, to an embryonic stem cell-like state is done by the ectopic expression of transcription factors responsible for generating embryonic stem cell properties. These primary factors are octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct3/4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), and the proto-oncogene protein homolog of avian myelocytomatosis (c-Myc). The somatic cells can be easily obtained from the patient who will be subjected to cellular therapy and be reprogrammed to acquire the necessary high plasticity of embryonic stem cells. These cells have no ethical limitations involved, as in the case of embryonic stem cells, and display minimal immunological rejection risks after transplant. Currently, several clinical trials are in progress, most of them in phase I or II. Still, some inherent risks, such as chromosomal instability, insertional tumors, and teratoma formation, must be overcome to reach full clinical translation. However, with the clinical trials and extensive basic research studying the biology of these cells, a promising future for human cell-based therapies using iPS cells seems to be increasingly clear and close.

Exploring the role of stem cell therapy in treating neurodegenerative diseases: Challenges and current perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Puranik ◽  
Ananta Prasad Arukha ◽  
Shiv Kumar Yadav ◽  
Dhananjay Yadav ◽  
Jun O Jin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Cord Injury

: Several human neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Huntington’s disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, and brain stroke, are caused by the injury to neurons or glial cells. The recent years have witnessed the successful generation of neurons and glia cells driving efforts to develop stem-cell-based therapies for patients to combat a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases. The inadequacy of suitable cell types for cell replacement therapy in patients suffering from neurological disorders have hampered the development of this promising therapeutic approach. Attempts are thus being made to reconstruct viable neurons and glial cells from different stem cells such as the embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells. Dedicated research to cultivate stem cell-based brain transplantation therapies have been carried out. We aim at compiling the breakthroughs in the field of stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative maladies, emphasizing on the shortcomings faced, victories achieved, and the future prospects of the therapy in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Exosomes derived from three-dimensional cultured human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse silicosis model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjie Xu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Qiuyue Li ◽  
Lin Hou ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Abstract Background Silicosis is an occupational respiratory disease caused by long-term excessive silica inhalation, which is most commonly encountered in industrial settings. Unfortunately, there is no effective therapy to delay and cure the progress of silicosis. In the recent years, stem cell therapy has emerged as an attractive tool against pulmonary fibrosis (PF) owing to its unique biological characteristics. However, the direct use of stem cells remains limitation by many risk factors for therapeutic purposes. The exclusive utility of exosomes secreted from stem cells, rather than cells, has been considered a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of cell-based therapy while maintaining its advantages. Methods and results In this study, we first employed a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic system to culture human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC) spheroids in a microcarrier suspension to yield exosomes from serum-free media. Experimental silicosis was induced in C57BL/6J mice by intratracheal instillation of a silica suspension, with/without exosomes derived from hucMSC (hucMSC-Exos), injection via the tail vein afterwards. The results showed that the gene expression of collagen I (COL1A1) and fibronectin (FN) was upregulated in the silica group as compared to that in the control group; however, this change decreased with hucMSC-Exo treatment. The value of FEV0.1 decreased in the silica group as compared to that in the control group, and this change diminished with hucMSC-Exo treatment. These findings suggested that hucMSC-Exos could inhibit silica-induced PF and regulate pulmonary function. We also performed in vitro experiments to confirm these findings; the results revealed that hucMSC-Exos decreased collagen deposition in NIH-3T3 cells exposed to silica. Conclusions Taken together, these studies support a potential role for hucMSC-Exos in ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis and provide new evidence for improving clinical treatment induced by silica.

Recent approaches and challenges in iPSCs: modeling and cell-based therapy of Alzheimer’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Csöbönyeiová ◽  
Štefan Polák ◽  
L’uboš Danišovič
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractThe lack of effective therapies for different neurodegenerative disorders has placed huge burdens on society. To overcome the restricted capacity of the central nervous system for regeneration, the promising alternative would be to use stem cells for more effective treatment of chronic degenerative and inflammatory neurological conditions and also of acute neuronal damage and from injuries or cerebrovascular diseases. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells by the ectopic expression of specific transcription factors has provided the regenerative medicine field with a new tool for investigating and treating neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This technology provides an alternative to traditional approaches, such as nuclear transfer and somatic cell fusion using embryonic stem cells. However, due to a problem in standardization of certain reprogramming techniques and systems research, the induced pluripotent stem cell-based technology is still in its infancy. The present paper is aimed at a brief review of the current status in modeling and cell-based therapies for AD.

scholarly journals Commercial Production of Autologous Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Potential for Liver Cirrhosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Lin ◽  
Horng-Jyh Harn ◽  
Po-Cheng Lin ◽  
Ming-Hsi Chuang ◽  
Chun-Hung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Promising Source

Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are a promising source of autologous stem cells for personalized cell-based therapies. Culture expansion of ADSCs provides an attractive opportunity for liver cirrhosis patients. However, safety and stability issues can pose big challenges for personalized autologous stem cell products. In the present study, we addressed whether the commercial production program could provide a consistent product for liver cirrhosis therapy. We collected adipose tissue from three human donors by lipoaspirate and isolated ADSCs, which were expanded in culture to reach 1 × 10 8 cells (an approximately 1,000-fold expansion) within four passages. We then examined their morphology, chromosome stability, surface markers, and differentiation ability after culture. Next, we explored their therapeutic potential using a rat model of thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis. Culture-expanded ADSCs were injected intrahepatically, and their biodistribution was tracked by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against human mitochondria. Finally, we tested for tumor development by subcutaneously injecting a 100-fold dose range of cultured ADSCs into immunocompromised mice. Taken together, we find that culture expansion of autologous ADSCs is a potentially suitable stem cell product for personalized cell-based therapy for patients with liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals The Beneficial Potential of Genetically Modified Stem Cells in the Treatment of Stroke: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saied Salehi ◽  
Anahid Safari ◽  
Sareh Pandamooz ◽  
Benjamin Jurek ◽  
Etrat Hooshmandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Efficiency ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

The last two decades have witnessed a surge in investigations proposing stem cells as a promising strategy to treat stroke. Since growth factor release is considered as one of the most important aspects of cell-based therapy, stem cells over-expressing growth factors are hypothesized to yield higher levels of therapeutic efficiency. In pre-clinical studies of the last 15 years that were investigating the efficiency of stem cell therapy for stroke, a variety of stem cell types were genetically modified to over-express various factors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell-derived growth factors, encompassing techniques employed and time points to evaluate. In addition, we discuss several types of stem cells, including the recently developed model of epidermal neural crest stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells over-expressing specific factors, which could elevate the restorative potential of naive stem cells. The restorative potential is based on enhanced survival/differentiation potential of transplanted cells, apoptosis inhibition, infarct volume reduction, neovascularization or functional improvement. Since the majority of studies have focused on the short-term curative effects of genetically engineered stem cells, we emphasize the need to address their long-term impact.

scholarly journals Stem cells as a therapeutic tool for the blind: biology and future prospects

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1721) ◽  
pp. 3009-3016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S. Singh ◽  
Robert E. MacLaren
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Developed World

Retinal degeneration due to genetic, diabetic and age-related disease is the most common cause of blindness in the developed world. Blindness occurs through the loss of the light-sensing photoreceptors; to restore vision, it would be necessary to introduce alternative photosensitive components into the eye. The recent development of an electronic prosthesis placed beneath the severely diseased retina has shown that subretinal stimulation may restore some visual function in blind patients. This proves that residual retinal circuits can be reawakened after photoreceptor loss and defines a goal for stem-cell-based therapy to replace photoreceptors. Advances in reprogramming adult cells have shown how it may be possible to generate autologous stem cells for transplantation without the need for an embryo donor. The recent success in culturing a whole optic cup in vitro has shown how large numbers of photoreceptors might be generated from embryonic stem cells. Taken together, these threads of discovery provide the basis for optimism for the development of a stem-cell-based strategy for the treatment of retinal blindness.

scholarly journals Recent advances in stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ashif ◽  
Nuseba Shehla Jeelani K ◽  
Vishnupriya J ◽  
Shripriya K ◽  
Muhamed Rinoob J
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological condition characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, and stiffness as cardinal motor characteristics. It's linked to a long-term loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), resulting in a severe DA shortage in the striatum, which is necessary for motor function. There is presently no cure for Parkinson's disease, and the majority of treatments aimed at reversing dopamine depletion and alleviating symptoms. The transplantation of stem cells or stem cell derived progenitors has highlighted the potential of employing cell-based therapy to replace lost cells in the sick brain, based on promising findings from early experiments. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are highly expandable and pluripotent cells that can differentiate into any cell type in the human body, including nervous system tissues, suggesting that they could provide a long-term treatment for Parkinson's disease and other neurological illnesses. However, because of the potential for safety and ethical difficulties involved with the use of undifferentiated ESCs in people, other sources of transplantable cells must be considered. Another method is to use external manipulation to stimulate endogenous stem cells to heal the brain. Recent advances in stem cell research in Parkinson's disease will be discussed in this review, which will provide an overview of the various sources and strategies such as the use of different stem cell populations for cell replacement and possible modulation of endogenous stem cells, that have the potential to provide effective cell-based therapy in the future.

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