scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns: A Nine-Year Retrospective Study at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gameli Deku ◽  
Mavis Puopelle Dakorah ◽  
Sylvester Yao Lokpo ◽  
Verner N. Orish ◽  
Francis Abeku Ussher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Background. Bloodstream infections are among the top causes of morbidity and mortality in people of all ages, especially in immunocompromised patients in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at describing the epidemiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern over a nine-year period at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Method. This study retrospectively analysed data from 4,489 patients who were referred to the Laboratory Department for blood culture and sensitivity testing from January 2009 to December 2017. Sociodemographic data included age, gender, and patients’ department. Blood culture results were retrieved from archival records in the laboratory. The authorities of St. Dominic Hospital granted approval for the study. Results. The incidence of bloodstream infection over the 9 years was 51.4 positive cultures per 100,000 hospital attendance. Staphylococcus aureus was the leading causative agent of bacteraemia for the first two scalar years (2009–2011 (38.9%) and 2012–2014 (42.2%)) while coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) (50.5%) was predominant for the last scalar year (2015–2017), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (169/587 (28.8%)). The highest incidence of bloodstream infections was recorded in the wet seasons (months of May (8.9 per 10,000 persons) and October (10.1 per 10,000 persons)). The bacterial isolates demonstrated high resistance to tetracyclines (390/531 (73.4%)), penicillins (1282/1669 (76.8%)), and sulphonamides (450/499 (90.2%)). Conclusion. Bloodstream infection and antimicrobial resistance are high in patients seeking healthcare in Akwatia. This therefore calls for concerted efforts aimed at reducing the incidence in the study area.

scholarly journals A prospective study of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection among adolescents and adults in northern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-384
Author(s):  
Deng B Madut ◽  
Matthew P Rubach ◽  
Nathaniel Kalengo ◽  
Manuela Carugati ◽  
Michael J Maze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Northern Tanzania

ABSTRACT Background Characterization of the epidemiology of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) in sub-Saharan Africa is lacking. We studied patients with E. coli BSI in northern Tanzania to describe host risk factors for infection and to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. Methods Within 24 h of admission, patients presenting with a fever at two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, were screened and enrolled. Cases were patients with at least one blood culture yielding E. coli and controls were those without E. coli isolated from any blood culture. Logistic regression was used to identify host risk factors for E. coli BSI. Results We analyzed data from 33 cases and 1615 controls enrolled from 2007 through 2018. The median (IQR) age of cases was 47 (34–57) y and 24 (72.7%) were female. E. coli BSI was associated with (adjusted OR [aOR], 95% CI) increasing years of age (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05), female gender (2.20, 1.01 to 4.80), abdominal tenderness (2.24, 1.06 to 4.72) and urinary tract infection as a discharge diagnosis (3.71, 1.61 to 8.52). Of 31 isolates with antimicrobial susceptibility results, the prevalence of resistance was ampicillin 29 (93.6%), ceftriaxone three (9.7%), ciprofloxacin five (16.1%), gentamicin seven (22.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 31 (100.0%). Conclusions In Tanzania, host risk factors for E. coli BSI were similar to those reported in high-resource settings and resistance to key antimicrobials was common.

scholarly journals Neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India: study of microbial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Sangita Gupta ◽  
Varun Kumar Singh ◽  
Sanjay Singhal ◽  
Priti Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Policy ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Background: Sepsis is one of the most common cause of neonatal deaths globally more so in low and middle-income countries. The key to management is high degree of clinical suspicion and prompt initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy pending investigations’ results. Knowledge of one’s own NICU flora and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern guides in choosing correct antibiotic therapy to pediatrician. If this data is standard and comparable across different sites, then it also helps in formulating regional and National treatment guidelines. Present study was therefore undertaken to study microbial flora of present NICU and analyze their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and formulate antimicrobial policy.Methods: Data of blood culture isolates sent from suspected cases of neonatal sepsis received from January 2017 to July 2018 was analysed by “WHONET”.Results: One hundred ninety-three non-repeat isolates were obtained from 992 blood culture samples. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and K. pneumoniae were the most common isolates. Non albicans Candida were responsible for majority of fungal infection. There was an outbreak of C. pelliculosa for six months. Most of the bacteria were multidrug resistant (MDR). However, except one all other Candida isolates were sensitive to antifungal drugs.Conclusions: WHO guidelines suggest use of penicillin and gentamicin for neonatal sepsis. But in present study, they were not found useful, instead amikacin, netilmicin and piperacillin-tazobactam were found useful and changes were made in antibiotic policy. Authors therefore recommend regular monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern followed by necessary changes in antibiotic policy for reasonable empirical therapy.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of blood culture isolates among febrile patients in a Tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Hasina Iqbal ◽  
Nabeela Mahboob ◽  
Mushtaque Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun ◽  
Abdur Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Acid Sensitivity ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

Background: Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) are a major problem for health care personnel’s, which leads to high morbidity and mortality of patients. Early and timely diagnosis and appropriate medication will be the best way to save the lives of affected ones. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the bacterial profile of bloodstream infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory, Popular diagnostic Ltd, Dhanmondi, Dhaka over a three months periods, from November’ 2017 to January’ 2018. A total 822 blood culture samples were screened. The positive blood cultures were examined and the organisms were identified as per standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates by using disk diffusion technique, according to CLSI guidelines 27. Results: From total blood culture samples, 105 (12.77%) were positive. The most common isolated pathogens were Salmonella Typhi, 59 (56.19.5%). Other isolates are Salmonella paratyphi A & B, 11(10.47%); Eschericia coli 14 (13.33%); Klebsiella spp, 05(04.76%); Acinetobacter spp.11 (10.47%) Enterococcus spp. 02 (01.90%); Staphylococcus aureus, 02 (01.90%) and one Candida spp (0.95%). S. Typhi showed 100% sensitivity against Ceftriaxone and Cefixime, and also more than 80% sensitive against first-line drugs (Chloramphenicol and Co-trimoxazole). Almost all the strains were found resistant towards Nalidixic acid (sensitivity 05.71%). Most of the Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp were susceptible to Vancomycin and Linezolid. More than 80% of E. coli and Klebsiella spp.are sensitive to Imipenem and Meropenem and least sensitivity show against Ciprofloxacin, Cephradine and Ceftriaxone. Conclusion: Ongoing surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility remains essential, and will enhance efforts to identify resistance and attempt to limit its spread. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 114-122

scholarly journals Prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from a tertiary Hospital in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pizga Kumwenda ◽  
Emmanuel C. Adukwu ◽  
Ebot S. Tabe ◽  
Victor. C. Ujor ◽  
Pocha S. Kamudumuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Abstract Background Bacterial infections are a significant cause of sickness and death in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at establishing the prevalence, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of major bacterial isolates from patients accessing medical care at a tertiary hospital in Malawi. Methods We retrospectively reviewed bacteria culture and antimicrobial susceptibility records for 4617 patients from 2002 to 2014 at Mzuzu Central Hospital (MCH). No inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed. Data was analysed using excel (Microsoft office, USA) and GraphPad prism 7 software programs. Results The most prevalent isolates were S. aureus (34.7%, n = 783), Klebsiella species (17.4%, n = 393) and Proteus species (11.4%, n = 256). Most microorganisms were isolated from adults (88.3%, n = 3889) and pus was the main source (69.3%, n = 1224). S. pneumoniae was predominantly isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (60.3%, n = 44) largely collected from children (88.2%, n = 64). Overall, most bacteria exhibited high resistance to all regularly used antimicrobials excluding ciprofloxacin. Conclusions Our report demonstrates an increase in bacterial infection burden in sites other than blood stream and subsequent increase in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance for all major isolates. Creating an epidemiological survey unit at MCH will be essential to help inform better treatment and management options for patients with bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Clinical and Bacteriological Profile of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis Admitted in NICU of Tertiary Hospital in Biratnagar

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-376
Author(s):  
Arun Giri ◽  
Vijay Kumar Sah ◽  
Bikash Sharma Poudel ◽  
Niraj Niraula ◽  
Raju Sedai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. The clinical signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis are non specific and blood culture report is considered gold standard for confirmation of neonatal sepsis. Organisms and their sensitivity pattern vary from place to place. The confirmation of diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis is challenging and time consuming.Objective: The aim of this study was to find incidence of blood culture proven sepsis in suspected early onset neonatal sepsis, find out sensitivity pattern of isolated organism and to find association of risk factors and clinical signs and symptoms with blood culture proven sepsis.Methodology: Prospective study was conducted in Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar from November 2016 to November 2017. Sample size was calculated to be 300 and blood culture was sent of each neonates admitted with suspected early onset neonatal sepsis before giving neonates with first dose of antibiotics and report of 72 hours was taken into consideration.Results: Out of 300 cases of suspected early onset neonatal sepsis 70.3% presented with lethargy, followed by other symptoms like poor feeding, respiratory distress, fever, hypothermia, feeding intolerance, abnormal body movement and abdominal distension. Low birth weight neonates, preterm neonates, prolonged duration of per vaginal leaking and low platelets count were significantly associated with blood culture proven sepsis in this study. Incidence of blood culture positive sepsis in suspected early onset neonatal sepsis was 27%. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus(21%) was predominant organism isolated followed by Klebsiella Pneumonia, Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli. All of the isolated Klebsiella and Pseudomonas and 86% of Escherichia coli were found to be resistant to ampicillin. All isolated Coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion: Coagulase negative Staphyloccus aureus was predominant organism detected but majority of organisms were gram negative organisms. High resistance to ampicillin was found and cefotaxime was also less sensitive to isolated organism. Vancomycin was found to be sensitive to all isolated Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus aureus. Amikacin was highly sensitive among causative organisms isolated. BJHS 2018;3(1)5 : 370-376

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