To Approach or to Avoid? Motivation Differentially Mediates the Effect of Hardiness on Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Military Personnel

Objective. To investigate the mediation effect of approach/avoidance motivation between hardiness and depressive symptoms. Methods. Cross-sectional design was utilized. Two independent samples of military servicemen (G1: military personnel in the Armed Forces; G2: Chinese army military cadets) (n1 = 98, n2 =140) were sampled and investigated. The assessment tools of hardiness scale (DRS), behavioral activation and inhibition scales (BAS/BIS), and Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D)/Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. General linear model was conducted to examine the predictive role of hardiness (DRS) and motivation (BAS/BIS) on depressive symptoms (CES-D or BDI). The mediating role of BAS/BIS between hardiness and depressive symptoms was examined. Results. (1) Across army soldiers and military medical university cadets, hardiness (β=-0.394, P<0.001) and behavioral inhibition (β=0.297, P<0.001) significantly predicted depressive symptoms. (2) For soldiers only, behavioral inhibition mediated the significant association between hardiness and depressive symptoms (β=-0.043, SE=0.027, 95%CI=-0.130~-0.008). (3) For cadets only, behavioral activation-Drive significantly predicted depressive symptoms (β=-0.237, P=0.012), and hardiness operates through behavioral activation-Drive to influence depressive symptoms (β=-0.057, SE=0.036, 95%CI=-0.151~-0.078). Conclusion. Individuals who are low in hardiness and behavioral activation-Drive and who are high in behavioral inhibition showed more severe depressive symptoms. The relationship between hardiness and depressive symptoms was mediated by behavioral activation-Drive in cadets and behavioral inhibition in soldiers. The proposed model offers a useful approach for the development of hardiness training programs to alter approach/avoidance motivation in the military context. Future training program of hardiness could lay more emphasis on promotion of perseverance in pursuing goals in hardy individuals, which may in turn improve active coping.

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Role of depressive symptoms in cardiometabolic diseases and subsequent transitions to all-cause mortality: an application of multistate models in a prospective cohort study

Stroke and Vascular Neurology ◽

10.1136/svn-2020-000693 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. svn-2020-000693

Author(s):

Yanan Qiao ◽

Siyuan Liu ◽

Guochen Li ◽

Yanqiang Lu ◽

Ying Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

European Population ◽

Multistate Models ◽

Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Background and purposeThe role of depression in the development and outcome of cardiometabolic diseases remains to be clarified. We aimed to examine the extent to which depressive symptoms affect the transitions from healthy to diabetes, stroke, heart disease and subsequent all-cause mortality in a middle-aged and elderly European population.MethodsA total of 78 212 individuals aged ≥50 years from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe were included. Participants with any baseline cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes, stroke and heart disease were excluded. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Euro-Depression scale at baseline. Participants were followed up to determine the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality. We used multistate models to estimate the transition-specific HRs and 95% CIs after adjustment of confounders.ResultsDuring 500 711 person-years of follow-up, 4742 participants developed diabetes, 2173 had stroke, 5487 developed heart disease and 7182 died. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with transitions from healthy to diabetes (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.20), stroke (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.44), heart disease (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.34) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.49). After cardiometabolic diseases, depressive symptoms were associated with the increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.89), patients who had stroke (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.61) and patients with heart disease (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.44).ConclusionsDepressive symptoms increase the risk of diabetes, stroke and heart disease, and affect the risk of mortality after the onset of these cardiometabolic conditions. Screening and treatment of depressive symptoms may have profound implications for the prevention and prognosis of cardiometabolic diseases.

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Language Proficiency and Migrant–Native Disparities in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4782

Author(s):

Sousan Hamwi ◽

Elsa Lorthe ◽

Henrique Barros

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Language Proficiency ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Migrant Women ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Native Women ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

Migrant women have a higher risk of developing postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) than do native women. This study aimed to investigate the role of host-country language proficiency in this disparity. We analysed the data of 1475 migrant and 1415 native women who gave birth at a Portuguese public hospital between 2017 and 2019 and were participants in the baMBINO cohort study. Migrants’ language proficiency was self-rated and comprised understanding, speaking, reading, and writing skills. PPDS were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale with a cut-off score of ≥10. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the association between language proficiency and PPDS. PPDS were experienced by 7.2% of native women and 12.4% among migrants (p < 0.001). Increasing proportions of PPDS were observed among decreasing Portuguese proficiency levels; 11% among full, 13% among intermediate, and 18% among limited proficiency women (ptrend < 0.001). Full (aOR 1.63 (95% CI 1.21–2.19)), intermediate (aOR 1.68 (95% CI 1.16–2.42)), and limited (aOR 2.55 (95% CI 1.64–3.99)) language proficiencies were associated with increasingly higher odds of PPDS among migrant women, compared to native proficiency. Prevention measures should target migrant women at high risk of PPDS, namely those with limited language skills, and promote awareness, early detection, and help-seeking, in addition to facilitating communication in their perinatal healthcare encounters.

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The Influence of Discrepancies between Parents’ Educational Aspirations and Children’s Educational Expectations on Depressive Symptoms of Left-Behind Children in Rural China: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11713

Author(s):

Xiaoou Man ◽

Jiatong Liu ◽

Yutong Bai

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Educational Aspirations ◽

Educational Expectations ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Left Behind ◽

Academic Self Efficacy

Although long-term separation has made discrepancies between parents’ educational aspirations and children’s own educational expectations among families with left-behind children (LBC), limited researches on the influence of these discrepancies on children’s mental health are carried out at present. Based on China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2018, we selected 875 LBC aged 9~15 as the sample, explored the influence of the direction and degree of these discrepancies on LBC’s depressive symptoms by hierarchical regression, and examined the mediating role of children’s academic self-efficacy and mediation effect pathway with Baron and Kenny method and Bootstrap mediation analysis methods. Results showed that LBC’s mental health was worse when parents’ educational aspirations were higher than their children’s educational expectations, compared to that without discrepancies. The degree of such discrepancies was negatively associated with LBC’s mental health. In the relationship between the direction of discrepancies and LBC’s depressive symptoms, academic self-efficacy played a mediating role partially. In addition, the study indicated that mothers played a significant role in the development of LBC’s mental health. These findings also provided critical evidence for the intervention practice of LBC’s mental health.

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Supplemental Material for Vulnerability to Psychopathology and Creativity: The Role of Approach-Avoidance Motivation and Novelty Seeking

Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts ◽

10.1037/aca0000223.supp ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Novelty Seeking ◽

Avoidance Motivation ◽

Approach Avoidance

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A-121 Functional Outcomes in Bilingual Persons with Traumatic Brain: The Role of Mood

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acab062.139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1171-1171

Author(s):

Winter Olmos ◽

Daniel W Lopez-Hernandez ◽

Isabel Munoz ◽

Laura Schierholz ◽

Rachel A Rugh-Fraser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

The Relationship ◽

Pearson Correlations

Abstract Introduction We examined the relationship between depression and anxiety, language, and functional outcomes in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods The sample consisted of 48 acute TBI (ATBI: 23 Spanish-English Bilinguals; 25 English monolinguals), 30 chronic TBI (CTBI: 17 Spanish English Bilinguals; 12 English monolinguals), and 47 healthy comparison (HC: 29 Spanish-English Bilinguals; 18 English monolinguals) participants. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A). The Mayo Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4) was used to measure functional outcomes (ability, adjustment, participation). Results An ANCOVA, controlling for age, revealed the ATBI group reported lower anxiety levels compared to the CTBI group, p = 0.034 np2 = 0.06. HC participants demonstrated significantly higher functional ability compared to both TBI groups, p < 0.05, np2 = 0.08–0.19. The ATBI group demonstrated worse participation scores compared to the CTBI and HC groups, p = 0.001, np2 = 0.11. Pearson correlations revealed mood was related to functional status in ATBI monolinguals (HADS-A: r = 0.29–0.64; HADS-D, r = 0.49–0.62). Monolingual participants with ATBI demonstrated correlations between depressive symptoms and functional adjustment (r = 0.57, p = 0.005) and ability (r = 0.44, p = 0.034). For monolinguals with CTBI, HADS-A correlated with functional outcomes, r = 0.60–0.66, p < 0.05. For bilinguals with CTBI, functional outcomes correlated with HADS-A, r = 0.53–0.66, p < 0.05, and HADS-D, r = 0.54–0.66, p < 0.05. For HC monolinguals, functional outcomes correlated with HADS-A, r = 0.53–0.70, p < 0.05, and HADS-D, r = 0.50–0.72, p < 0.05. Finally, for HC bilinguals, functional outcomes correlated with HADS-A, r = 0.59–0.68, p < 0.05. Conclusion Our results suggest that a relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms is related more to functional outcomes in monolingual TBI survivors compared to bilingual TBI survivors.

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Masculine Traits and Depressive Symptoms in Older and Younger Men and Women

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988315619676 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 19-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elizabeth C. Price ◽

Jeffrey J. Gregg ◽

Merideth D. Smith ◽

Amy Fiske

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Externalizing Symptoms ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Age Group ◽

Men And Women ◽

Younger Men ◽

And Gender

Evidence suggests that men who strongly endorse masculine traits display an atypical presentation of depression, including more externalizing symptoms (e.g., anger or substance use), but fewer typical, internalizing symptoms (e.g., depressed mood or crying). This phenomenon has not been adequately explored in older adults or women. The current study used the externalizing subscale of the Masculine Depression Scale in older and younger men and women to detect atypical symptoms. It was predicted that individuals who more strongly endorsed masculine traits would have higher scores on the measure of externalizing symptoms relative to a measure of typical depressive symptoms Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale. It was anticipated that results would differ by age-group but not by gender. Multigroup path analysis was used to test the hypothesis. The hypothesized path model, in which endorsement of masculine traits was associated with lower scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale and with scores on the externalizing, but not internalizing, factor of the Masculine Depression Scale, fit the data well. Results differed significantly by age-group and gender. Masculine individuals reported lower levels of typical depressive symptoms relative to externalizing symptoms, but further research is needed within age- and gender groups. Results are consistent with the gendered responding framework and suggest that current assessment tools, which tend to focus on internalizing symptoms of depression, may not detect depression in individuals who endorse masculine traits.

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Toward a Complex Network of Risks for Psychosis: Combining Trauma, Cognitive Biases, Depression, and Psychotic-like Experiences on a Large Sample of Young Adults

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa125 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Łukasz Gawęda ◽

Renata Pionke ◽

Jessica Hartmann ◽

Barnaby Nelson ◽

Andrzej Cechnicki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Experience Of Care ◽

Traumatic Life Events

Abstract Although the linkage between traumatic life events and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) is well established, the knowledge of potential mechanisms of this relationship is scarce. The aim of the present study was to better understand the structure of connections between traumatic life events and PLEs by considering at the same time the role of cognitive biases and depressive symptoms in the population of young adults (18–35 years of age, M = 26.52, SD = 4.74, n = 6772). Our study was conducted within a framework of network analysis. PLEs were measured with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), cognitive biases were measured with nine items from the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale-18 (DACOBS-18), depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CESD-R) and exposure to traumatic life events was measured with a combination of Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) and Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC). The results present a network of all nodes being interconnected within and between domains, with no isolated factors. Exposures to sexual trauma were the most central node in the network. Pathways were identified from trauma to PLEs via cognitive biases and depressive symptoms. However, the shortest pathway between the most central traumatic life event and PLEs was through other traumatic life events, without cognitive biases or depressive symptoms along the way. Our findings suggest the importance of environmental adversities as well as dysfunctional information processing and depression in the network of psychosis risks.

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The Longitudinal Association Between Passive Social Networking Site Usage and Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Envy and Moderating Role of Life Satisfaction

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1521/jscp.2019.38.3.181 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 181-199

Author(s):

Hai-Zhen Wang ◽

Ting-Ting Yang ◽

James Gaskin ◽

Jin-Liang Wang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Networking ◽

Social Networking Site ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Indirect Relationship ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: The relationship between Social Networking Site (SNS) usage and depressive symptoms is a growing concern among mental health researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to better understand the mechanism and context under which SNS use affects depressive symptoms. Method: We did this by examining envy as a mediator of the relationship between passive SNS usage and depression over time, with life satisfaction as a moderator of this mediation effect. The sample included 266 college students, who completed the surveys in two waves. Results: The results showed that envy fully mediated the association between passive SNS usage and depression. This indirect relationship was moderated by level of life satisfaction. Specifically, and unexpectedly, among individuals with higher levels of life satisfaction, more frequent passive SNS use was related to increased envy, which, in turn, was associated with increased depressive symptoms. However, this indirect relationship was non-significant for those with lower levels of life satisfaction. Discussion: Thus, the potential of passive SNS use to increase depressive symptoms through envy among individuals with high life satisfaction should be considered when mental health practitioners design interventions.

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