scholarly journals Cellulase-Assisted Extraction, Characterization, and Bioactivity against Rheumatoid Arthritis of Astragalus Polysaccharides

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ling Cao ◽  
Mi Yu ◽  
Chonghui Wang ◽  
Yunhui Bao ◽  
Minghui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Synovial Membranes ◽  
Cellulose Column

This study investigated the effect of cellulase on the isolation of crude Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), analyzed the monosaccharide component of deproteinized APS, detected the molecular weights of purified APS, and examined the biological activities and the preliminary mechanism against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Compared with water extraction method, cellulase-assisted extraction increased the yield of crude APS to 154% and polysaccharide contents to 121%. Crude APS was then purified by ethanol precipitation, Sevag deproteinization, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis; monosaccharide contents of APS were different after cellulase-assisted method, especially galacturonic acid content which significantly increased. DEAE-52 cellulose column chromatography isolated three polysaccharide fractions, including a neutral polysaccharide (APS-water) and two acidic polysaccharides (APS-NaCl1 and APS-NaCl2). Using high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), the molecular weights of APS-water, APS-NaCl1, and APS-NaCl2 were identified as 67.7 kDa, 234.1 kDa, and 189.4 kDa, respectively. Then their therapeutic effects and possible mechanism against RA were explored using type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. APS could significantly reduce paw swelling, serum concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the expression levels of NF-κB-p65 and IκBα in synovial membranes in CIA rats. Our study indicated that cellulase significantly increases the yield and polysaccharide contents of crude APS, improves the product quality, and preserves the biological features against RA in CIA rats.

Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of Gold Nanoclusters and Gold Nanoparticles on Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2281-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Zhesheng He ◽  
Ruoping Wang ◽  
Pengju Cai ◽  
Xiangchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Au Clusters ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and progressive cartilage and bone damage. In our previous studies, we found that Au clusters using glutathione as a template (GACs) produced profound anti-inflammatory effects in vitro on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and type II collagen-induced rat RA in vivo. In this study, we examined whether the template for Au clusters synthesis has an effect on its anti-inflammatory effect and whether Au nanoparticles with larger particle diameter produce the same anti-inflammatory effect. We synthesized Au clusters with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template (BACs), Au clusters with glutathione (GSH) as a template (GACs), and Au nanoparticles with glutathione as a template (GANs) and compared their anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. These three Au nanomaterials can inhibit the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory mediators and ameliorate type II collagen-induced rat RA. However, although the three Au nanomaterials produced similar anti-inflammatory effects, the GANs with larger particle sizes were less stable in vivo and accumulated in the peritoneum after intraperitoneal injection, resulting in poor absorption in vivo. The BACs showed relatively high liver accumulation due to the larger molecular weight of the outer shell. Therefore, we believe that the GACs are potential reliable nanodrugs for the treatment of RA.

Molecular Weight Measurements of Low Molecular Weight Heparins by Gel Permeation Chromatography

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Mulloy ◽  
C Gee ◽  
S F Wheeler ◽  
R Wait ◽  
E Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Calibration Table ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Degraded Material

SummaryThe molecular weight profiles of low molecular weight heparin samples have been measured by high-performance gel permeation chromatography using as calibrant the heparinase-degraded material (90/686) now established as the 1st International Reference Preparation (IRP) Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Molecular Weight Calibration. Use of the calibrant as a broad molecular weight standard is described and a calibration table provided based on data collected over several years in one laboratory.In order to confirm the assignment of degree of polymerisation to resolved oligosaccharide peaks in the calibrant, molecular weights of oligosaccharides fractionated from the 1st IRP were independently determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS).The molecular weight distributions of commercial low molecular weight heparins have been characterized. Measurements of molecular weight parameters of heparin molecular weight standards from several sources provide comparisons between the molecular weight scales of this and other studies.

Isolation of inhibin from ovine follicular fluid

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Leversha ◽  
D. M. Robertson ◽  
F. L. de Vos ◽  
F. J. Morgan ◽  
M. T. W. Hearn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Inhibin Subunits

ABSTRACT Two forms of inhibin with molecular weights of 65 000 and 30 000 (65 and 30 kD) were isolated from ovine follicular fluid using a combination of gel permeation chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 65 kD form was partially purified approximately 315-fold whilst the 30 kD form was isolated as two isoforms (29 and 30 kD) of similar biological activity and in >95% purity (1210-fold purification and 4·2% recoveries). On reduction the 30 kD form resolved into four components of 36, 31, 20–21 and 16 kD of which the 20–21 and 16 kD components were similar to the corresponding inhibin subunits isolated from porcine and bovine follicular fluid. The 36 kD component was established as a non-reducible inhibin-like material, based on its binding to antiserum raised against bovine 58 kD inhibin. The nature of the remaining non-reducible 31 kD component is unknown. Two NH2-terminal amino acid sequences (first 13 amino acids) identified in purified 30 kD inhibin were identical to the corresponding subunit amino acid sequences of bovine 31 kD inhibin. J. Endocr. (1987) 113, 213–221

Atrial natriuretic peptides are present throughout the plant kingdom and enhance solute flow in plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (3) ◽  
pp. E465-E477
Author(s):  
D. L. Vesely ◽  
W. R. Gower ◽  
A. T. Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Solute Flow ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The present investigation was designed to 1) determine if atrial natriuretic-like peptides are present throughout the plant kingdom and 2) to determine if these peptides increase the flow of solute and/or water upward to leaves and flowers of plants. The 126-amino acid prohormone of atrial natriuretic factor (proANF)-(1-30), proANF-(31-67), and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-like peptides were present in the roots, stems, leaves, and flower petals of the more highly developed plants (Tracheophyta), with their highest concentrations being: Florida beauty > buddhist pine > Boston fern > rose = geranium = resurrection plant or club moss > Moses-in-the-cradle > Florida coontie. These peptides were also present in Bryophata (plants without vascular tissue or roots) and even in Euglena, flagellated chlorophyll-containing plants without leaves, stems, or roots. proANF-(1-30), proANF-(31-67), and proANF-(79-98) but not ANF (each at < 5.9 pg/ml) significantly increased (P < 0.001) the flow of colored water up stems, coloring their flowers 15-35 min earlier than the other one-half of the same flowers without exogenous peptide addition. These same peptides increased the rate of transpiration (i.e., loss of water from the leaves) and the absorption of solutions. High-performance gel permeation chromatography revealed that proANF-(1-30), proANF-(31-67), and ANF extracted from plants are very similar to their pure synthetic human sequences, with elution profiles and molecular weights of the plant extracts duplicating those of the pure synthetic peptides.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-101-3p inhibits fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting PTGS2

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaofeng Wei ◽  
Fang Lv ◽  
Hongju Zhang ◽  
Xinfang Wang ◽  
Qin Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Luciferase Activity Assay ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase ◽  
Synovial Tissues ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequently occurring inflammatory arthritis. The present study was performed to characterize the role of microRNA-101-3p (miR-101-3p) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in inflammation and biological activities of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in RA. Methods: Initially, miR-101-3p and PTGS2 expression in RA tissues of RA patients and RA rats was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Rat model of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was adopted to simulate RA, followed by injection of miR-101-3p mimics or siRNA against PTGS2. Next, the apoptosis in synovial tissue and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were identified. Subsequently, FLSs in RA (RA-FLSs) were isolated, after which in vitro experiments were conducted to analyze cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion upon treatment of up-regulated miR-101-3p and silenced PTGS2. Furthermore, the relationship of miR-101-3p and PTGS2 was determined by bioinformatics prediction and luciferase activity assay. Results: We identified poorly expressed miR-101-3p and highly expressed PTGS2 in synovial tissues of RA patients and RA rats, which showed reduced synoviocyte apoptosis and enhanced inflammation. In response to miR-101-3p mimics and si-PTGS2, the RA-FLSs were observed with attenuated cell proliferation, migration and invasion, corresponding to promoted apoptosis. Down-regulation of PTGS2 could rescue the effect of inhibited miR-101-3p in synovial injury and phenotypic changes of FLS in RA rats. Notably, miR-101-3p was found to negatively regulate PTGS2. Conclusion: Taken together, miR-101-3p reduces the joint swelling and arthritis index in RA rats by down-regulating PTGS2, as evidenced by inhibited FLS proliferation and inflammation.

scholarly journals Antiadhesive Activity of Polysaccharide-Rich Fractions from Lithothamnion muelleri

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
Cristiane M. Soares ◽  
Bruna G. Malagoli ◽  
Gustavo B. Menezes ◽  
Vanessa Pinho ◽  
Danielle G. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Leukocyte Rolling ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Gel Permeation

Red seaweeds are known sources of polysaccharides, some of which possess antiadhesive properties by inhibition of P-selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling. We here report the chemical composition and the antiadhesive activity of polysaccharide-rich fractions from the red alga Lithothamnion muelleri (Hapalidiaceae). The crude fractions enriched in polysaccharides B1 and B2 were obtained, respectively, by sequential extraction with 1% and 2% (w/v) Na2CO3 solution, at 60 °C. Fractionation of B1 and B2 by gel permeation chromatography afforded three polysaccharide-rich fractions each, whose compositions were characterized by chemical analysis (total contents of carbohydrates, proteins, sulfate, and uronic acid); their molecular weights were estimated by high-performance gel permeation chromato graphy (HPGPC). The antiadhesive activity of B1-derived fractions was assayed by visualizing lipopolysaccharides-induced leukocyte rolling under intravital miscroscopy. The intravenous injection of fractions B1a and B1b in mice, at the dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, reduced leukocyte rolling by approximately 90%; fucoidan (10 mg/kg body weight) employed as positive control induced a similar response. Therefore, the sulfated polysaccharides of L. muelleri deserve further evaluation as potential templates for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.

Innovative Extraction Techniques for the Optimum Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Peanut Meal and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phenolic Extract ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Water Ratio

There is a worldwide demand for phenolic compounds (PC) because they exhibit several biological activities. This work aimed at extracting phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The methods of extraction were mainly: conventional solvent extraction (traditional methods) and ultrasound assisted extraction (recent methods) and comparing their results. Peanut meal (PM) was prepared by defatting with n-hexane, and then extracted by the two previous methods. First, the conventional solvents used were 80% methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, and distilled water. Then studied Different parameters such as meal: water ratio, also the effect of temperature and the pH on the extraction process. Second, ultrasonic assisted extractions (USAE), the parameters investigated were temperature, time and speed of sonication. Finally, all the extracts were analyzed by HPLC for their phenolic contents. Results indicated that the highest extracted PC achieved by solvents was in distilled water where 1:100, Meal: Water ratio which extracted 40 mg PC / g PM at 30& 35°C. Highest extracted PC was achieved by alkaline medium at pH 12 more than acidic and neutral medium. While (USAE) at speed 8 ultrasonication and temperature 30ᵒC, extracted 49.2mg PC /g PM. Sothe ultrasound assisted extraction exhibited great influence on the extraction of phenolic compounds from peanut meal. The ultrasonic peanut extract was examined for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticarcinogenic activities. The antioxidant activity of PM phenolic extract prepared by ultrasonic technique, was measured by, β-carotene, and DPPH methods, and reducing antioxidant power. Results revealed values: 84.57, 57.72 and 5960 respectively. The PM extract showed different levels of antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic bacteria used. As for the anticarcinogenic effect PM phenolic extract most effective on inhibiting colon carcinoma and lung carcinoma cell lines with IC50 = 20.7 and 20.8 µ/ml., respectively. This was followed by intestinal carcinoma and liver carcinoma cell lines with IC50= 39.6 and 40.2µ/ml.

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