scholarly journals Thyroid Dysfunction and Cytological Patterns among Patients Requested for Thyroid Function Test in an Endemic Goiter Area of Gondar, North West Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Asmelash ◽  
Kumlgn Tesfa ◽  
Belete Biadgo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Thyroid dysfunction is the most common endocrine disorder in clinical practice, and about half of the population with thyroid dysfunction remains undiagnosed. There is a fairly wide spectrum of thyroid dysfunction, which can be identified by patterns of thyroid function test results. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among the population varies in different studies. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 8th to April 8th, 2017, among patients who requested for the thyroid function test in an endemic goiter area at the Gondar Hospital, University of Gondar. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Three milliliters of blood samples was collected in a plain test tube and centrifuged for serum separation. The thyroid function test was done by using the MINI-VIDAS automation following the manufacturer manual (Setema PLC, Italy). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics were used for data presentation, and P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result. Of the total 384 study participants, 346 (90.1%) were females and the study participants’ mean age was 38 ± 13.9 years. The overall thyroid dysfunction prevalence was 26.3% (101): 1.6% was identified as subclinical hypothyroidism, 0.5% hypothyroidism, 9.6% subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 14.6% hyperthyroidism, and 23.4% had goiter. Furthermore, for cytological pattern analysis, 144 study participants who fulfilled indications for fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in thyroid nodules were included. Of the total, 3 (2.1%) had thyroid carcinoma, 46 (32%) had cystic degenerated follicular cells, and 82 (57%) had nodular thyroid goiter. In addition, a clinical presentation of a total of 144 study participants, showed lymphadenites in 7 participants (4.8%), hypertension in 9 (6.2%), and cardiac failure in 12 (8.3%). Conclusion. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was high. The majority of thyroid dysfunction cases were newly diagnosed and more common in females. In addition, the most common disorders were subclinical hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Follicular cell with cyst degeneration and thyroid nodular goiter were the predominant FNAC findings. For early diagnosis and appropriate intervention in goiter endemic areas, the thyroid function test should be closely monitored.

scholarly journals Status of Thyroid Disorder among the Thyroid Function Test Samples Received in a Laboratory among Postmenopausal Women: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (234) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Shrestha ◽  
Reshmi Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Test

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction prevalence is high in females worldwide which increases with age. Postmenopausal and elderly women are particularly at risk of developing comorbidities and mortality related to thyroid dysfunction. We aimed to study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal women in the National Reference Laboratory of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in National Reference Laboratory from January 2019 to June 2019 including postmenopausal females, ≥49 years. The database of thyroid function test result was used for statistical analysis and proportion of thyroid dysfunction was calculated. The data was collected after approval from the institutional review committee. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to study descriptive data. Results: Out of a total of 160 postmenopausal females with thyroid function tests, 71 (44.4%) had thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the frequently occurring thyroid dysfunction 51 (32%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism 13 (8%), hypothyroidism 3 (2%) and hyperthyroidism 3 (2%). In our study population, thyroid dysfunction peaked at 49 to 58 years of age interval 53 (33.1%) and subclinical hypothyroidism was the most frequent form 38 (23.7%). Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroidism was the common thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal age which peaked at 49 to 58 years of age group. Early postmenopausal females are predisposed to increased risk of comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis with high fracture, depression) which could be exacerbated with thyroid dysfunction; therefore awareness of thyroid dysfunction prevalence and thyroid screening for early management seems appropriate in Nepalese postmenopausal women.

THYROID CYTOLOGY AND IT'S INTERPRETATION WITH THYROID FUNCTION TEST

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Dipti Debbarma ◽  
Shipra Singh ◽  
Debarshi Jana ◽  
Chittaranjan Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Euthyroid State ◽  
Function Test

INTRODUCTION: The Thyroid gland is unique among the endocrine glands. It is the largest of all the endocrine glands and it is supercial in location. It is the only gland which is easily approachable to direct physical, cytological and histopathological examination. The thyroid gland is affected by a variety of pathological lesions that are manifested by various morphologies including developmental, inammatory, hyperplastic and neoplastic pathology which are quiet common in the clinical practice. AIM OFTHE STUDY:In this study, we aimed to assess the cytological ndings of palpable thyroid nodules in conjunction with thyroid hormonal prole of the patient. To study the incidence in relevance to age, sex in various categories of thyroid lesions. MATERIALS & METHODS: Study Design: Institutional based Cross-sectional Study. Duration of study: January 2019 to August 2020. Source of data: Patients presenting to the OPD and admitted in the In-patient ward at Darbhanga Medical College, Bihar. Place of study: Department of Pathology, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar. Sample Size: 60 patients of enlarged thyroid gland. RESULTS & OBSERVATIONS: We found that the 53.3% Patients are in euthyroid state. Nodular goitre is the most common nding. In the present study among 60 patients, Nodular goiter accounts for 83.3 % of all cases; 41.7% of them were in euthyroid state, 21.7 % in hypothyroid state , 8.3 % in subclinical hypothyroid and remaining 11.7 % in hyperthyroid state . SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: FNAC together with thyroid function test (TFT) analysis leads to early and accurate diagnosis of various thyroid diseases and reduces surgical intervention. The study showed that FNAcytologic diagnosis cannot be used to predict thyroid function using total serum T4, T3 and TSH concentrations. Measurement of TSH, free T4, and free T3 would be preferable

scholarly journals Thyroid function test in abnormal uterine bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Pramod Kattel
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Function Test

Aims: To evaluate and detect the thyroid dysfunction in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) from puberty to menopause.Methods: This is an observational descriptive study of 90 patients of abnormal uterine bleeding at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu from 17th January 2016 to 16th January 2017. Besides thyroid function test Pap smear, endometrial biopsy and histo-pathological examination of uterus following hysterectomy was done in selected cases.Results: The incidence of AUB was 6.2 % with mean age of 37 years. The most common presenting complaint was menorrhagia (36.7%) followed by metrorrhagia (23.3%). Thyroid dysfunction accounted for 20% of AUB with major share occupied by subclinical hypothyroidism (11%) and least by hyperthyroidism (1%). The most common association of thyroid dysfunction with AUB was overt hypothyroidism (27.3%) with menorrhagia. Non-structural cases of AUB accounted for 30.4% of thyroid dysfunction.Conclusions: This study shows that thyroid dysfunction plays significant role for AUB so it is wise enough to perform TFT on routine basis in order to avoid unnecessary hormonal treatment with Estrogen, Progesterone or their combination and even the hysterectomies.

scholarly journals Thyroid function test in nephrotic syndrome children who are admitted in emergency ward of Government Tirunelveli Medical College and Hospital, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2290
Author(s):  
J. Rukmani ◽  
C. Krishanamurthy ◽  
Denny Clarin
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Function Test

Background: Nephrotic syndrome in childhood is largely primary or idiopathic, although a small proportion of cases are secondary to infectious agents and other glomerular and systemic diseases. The etiology of nephrotic syndrome is age-dependent. Most cases appearing in the first 3 months of life are referred as congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and are due to genetic diseases. The objective of this study is to study the correlation between thyroid profile and different types of nephrotic syndrome.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done between March 2017 to October 2017 in the Department of Pediatrics Tirunelveli Government Medical College. 40 cases of nephrotic syndrome between 1 to12 years, which include all types of nephrotic syndrome. After history taking and clinical examination, blood samples were collected from the patients for thyroid function test and analyzed with standard techniques.Results: Serum T3, T4, TSH were found to be within normal limits. But TSH values in remission were significantly elevated compared to the first episode.Conclusions: Thyroid profiles in control were within normal range. The T4 and T3 levels in nephrotic syndrome were low and TSH was high. Hypothyroidism was more common in children less than 6 years. 

scholarly journals Triiodothyronin, Thyroxine and Thyrotropin in Vitiligo

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
K Subba ◽  
D Karn ◽  
R Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Test ◽  
High Level

BackgroundVitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder of the skin, affecting individuals globally. Not only is this ailment psychologically incapacitating, it also has a high incidence of autoimmunity, signifying that its manifestations may be the portrayal of dysfunction of immune system. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to find out the situations of abnormal thyroid function test (TFT) in vitiligo patients. MethodsA prospective cross sectional study was conducted at the Dhulikhel Hospital, KUTH, Dhulikhel during November 2008 to January 2011 with the objective to assess the thyroid function tests in vitiligo patients. ResultsTotal 66 vitiligo patients with male 30 (45%) and female 36 (55%). Total 26 (39.39%) vitiligo patients have been found to have abnormal thyroid function test. Among them 10 had abnormal T3, seven had abnormal T4 and 12 had abnormal TSH level. Thyroid function test were normal in other vitiligo patients. Total seven vitiligo had high level of T3 than normal value, four male and three female. Two had higher level of T4 above 2.0 ng/dl and all were male, while five had abnormally low level of T4 with three male and two female. There were seven vitiligo patient with increased T3 level and three with decreased T3 level, among them six were males and four were females, the age group was ranged from seven to 68 years old. The T4 level were found abnormal in seven vitiligo patients among which five were males and two were females with the age group ranging from 7 to 51 years. ConclusionsThere has been significant association of thyroid disorder in the patient with vitiligo. Therefore, patient with vitiligo need to undergo thyroid function test to rule out the thyroid disorder and prevent from long-term complications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6279Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):7-10 

Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy

2008 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
N Pearce Elizabeth ◽  
M Leung Angela
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Screening ◽  
Function Test ◽  
In Pregnancy

The spectrum of thyroid disease in pregnancy has implications for both the mother and the developing fetus. Here we review the interpretation of thyroid function test values, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, iodine requirements, autoimmune thyroid disease, and thyroid screening recommendations as they pertain to pregnant women. It should be noted that the management of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy should be closely co-ordinated with obstetricians and other providers.

Thyroid Dysfunction and Nodular Goiter in Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih Ching Lin ◽  
Tzen Wen Chen ◽  
Yee Yung Ng ◽  
Yi Hong Chou ◽  
Wu Chang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Uremic Patients

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nodular goiter and thyroid dysfunction in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Single dialysis unit and outpatient clinic. Patients The study included 221 patients [143 HD and 78 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients] along with 135 consecutively selected outpatients as controls. Main Outcome Measures Ultrasonography was used to detect patients’ thyroid function and nodular goiter. Results Nodular goiter was detected in 54.8% of the uremic patients and in 21.5% of the controls. Uremic patients had higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, which included reduced serum concentration of total T3, total T4, and free T4, and increased serum level of TSH. Hypothyroidism was also observed more frequently in uremic patients than in the control group (5.4% vs 0.7%, p < 0.05). Nodular goiter was more frequently found in females than in males (63.5% vs 48%, p < 0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of nodular goiter increased with age (p < 0.02) in uremic patients. Hemodialysis patients had a higher frequency of reduced total T3 level (46.9% vs 29.5%, p < 0.02). However, CAPD patients had lower T4 levels (6.23 ± 1.82μg/dL vs 7.15± 1.99μg/dL, p < 0.05). Conclusion Because of the high incidence of hypothyroidism and nodular goiter in uremic patients, screening of thyroid function and goiter detection with ultrasound should be considered in evaluation of end-stage renal disease patients.

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