scholarly journals Triiodothyronin, Thyroxine and Thyrotropin in Vitiligo

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
K Subba ◽  
D Karn ◽  
R Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Test ◽  
High Level

BackgroundVitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder of the skin, affecting individuals globally. Not only is this ailment psychologically incapacitating, it also has a high incidence of autoimmunity, signifying that its manifestations may be the portrayal of dysfunction of immune system. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to find out the situations of abnormal thyroid function test (TFT) in vitiligo patients. MethodsA prospective cross sectional study was conducted at the Dhulikhel Hospital, KUTH, Dhulikhel during November 2008 to January 2011 with the objective to assess the thyroid function tests in vitiligo patients. ResultsTotal 66 vitiligo patients with male 30 (45%) and female 36 (55%). Total 26 (39.39%) vitiligo patients have been found to have abnormal thyroid function test. Among them 10 had abnormal T3, seven had abnormal T4 and 12 had abnormal TSH level. Thyroid function test were normal in other vitiligo patients. Total seven vitiligo had high level of T3 than normal value, four male and three female. Two had higher level of T4 above 2.0 ng/dl and all were male, while five had abnormally low level of T4 with three male and two female. There were seven vitiligo patient with increased T3 level and three with decreased T3 level, among them six were males and four were females, the age group was ranged from seven to 68 years old. The T4 level were found abnormal in seven vitiligo patients among which five were males and two were females with the age group ranging from 7 to 51 years. ConclusionsThere has been significant association of thyroid disorder in the patient with vitiligo. Therefore, patient with vitiligo need to undergo thyroid function test to rule out the thyroid disorder and prevent from long-term complications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6279Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(2):7-10 

scholarly journals Thyroid function status in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy: a study for Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Saurav Piya ◽  
Jeena Gurung ◽  
Anadi Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Hypothyroid Patient ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy

Introduction: Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an organ-specific autoimmune inflammatory incapacitating eye disorder usually associated with Graves’ disease affecting the orbit. Objectives: To determine thyroid function status in patients with thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy. Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study of sixty three clinically diagnosed new cases of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy done at Nepal Eye Hospital, Kathmandu from February 2012 to January 2013. Detailed history, systemic & ocular examination with special emphasis on evaluation of extraocular movement, lid signs, exophthalmos with Hertel's exophthalmometer was done. Thyroid function test and endocrine consultation were also done in all cases. Results: There were an equal distribution of TED with hyperthyroid (34.95%) and euthyroid status (34.95%). The most common presentation of both euthyroid and hypothyroid patient was tremor (13.4%) and palpitation (13.45%). The most common symptom of TED was foreign body sensation (54 %) but in TED with euthyroid and hypothyroid status, redness (22.2 %) and diminution of vision (20.6 %) were more frequent symptoms respectively. The most common presenting sign was Von Graefe’s sign (69 %). Among TED with hyperthyroid and hypothyroid status, Dalrymple's sign (29.3%) and Mobius sign (17.4%) were most common respectively. Conclusion: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an important health concern among patients with a thyroid disorder. TED with hyperthyroid states present more severely than hypothyroid and euthyroid states. As TED occurred with a high prevalence in all thyroid states, a close collaboration between endocrinologists and ophthalmologists along with timely referrals of patients with any eye complaint is mandated.

scholarly journals Thyroid function test in nephrotic syndrome children who are admitted in emergency ward of Government Tirunelveli Medical College and Hospital, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2290
Author(s):  
J. Rukmani ◽  
C. Krishanamurthy ◽  
Denny Clarin
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Function Test

Background: Nephrotic syndrome in childhood is largely primary or idiopathic, although a small proportion of cases are secondary to infectious agents and other glomerular and systemic diseases. The etiology of nephrotic syndrome is age-dependent. Most cases appearing in the first 3 months of life are referred as congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and are due to genetic diseases. The objective of this study is to study the correlation between thyroid profile and different types of nephrotic syndrome.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done between March 2017 to October 2017 in the Department of Pediatrics Tirunelveli Government Medical College. 40 cases of nephrotic syndrome between 1 to12 years, which include all types of nephrotic syndrome. After history taking and clinical examination, blood samples were collected from the patients for thyroid function test and analyzed with standard techniques.Results: Serum T3, T4, TSH were found to be within normal limits. But TSH values in remission were significantly elevated compared to the first episode.Conclusions: Thyroid profiles in control were within normal range. The T4 and T3 levels in nephrotic syndrome were low and TSH was high. Hypothyroidism was more common in children less than 6 years. 

scholarly journals Status of Thyroid Disorder among the Thyroid Function Test Samples Received in a Laboratory among Postmenopausal Women: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (234) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Shrestha ◽  
Reshmi Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Function Test

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction prevalence is high in females worldwide which increases with age. Postmenopausal and elderly women are particularly at risk of developing comorbidities and mortality related to thyroid dysfunction. We aimed to study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal women in the National Reference Laboratory of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in National Reference Laboratory from January 2019 to June 2019 including postmenopausal females, ≥49 years. The database of thyroid function test result was used for statistical analysis and proportion of thyroid dysfunction was calculated. The data was collected after approval from the institutional review committee. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to study descriptive data. Results: Out of a total of 160 postmenopausal females with thyroid function tests, 71 (44.4%) had thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the frequently occurring thyroid dysfunction 51 (32%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism 13 (8%), hypothyroidism 3 (2%) and hyperthyroidism 3 (2%). In our study population, thyroid dysfunction peaked at 49 to 58 years of age interval 53 (33.1%) and subclinical hypothyroidism was the most frequent form 38 (23.7%). Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroidism was the common thyroid dysfunction in postmenopausal age which peaked at 49 to 58 years of age group. Early postmenopausal females are predisposed to increased risk of comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis with high fracture, depression) which could be exacerbated with thyroid dysfunction; therefore awareness of thyroid dysfunction prevalence and thyroid screening for early management seems appropriate in Nepalese postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals MON-475 Discrepant Thyroid Function Tests in Adenocarcinoma-Is This a True Thyroid Disorder?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Tameemi ◽  
Janice L Gilden
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Amiodarone Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Check Point ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Check Point Inhibitors

Abstract Background: Many causes of abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs) occur that may or may not reflect a true thyroid disorder. The most common include: immune check point inhibitors therapies (ICI) used to treat various types of cancers; biotin supplements, which may interfere with thyroid function test assays; euthyroid sick syndrome; as well as amiodarone therapy for cardiac disorders. Clinical Case: A 67-year old female patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, taking insulin and oral antihyperglycemic agents, with hyperlipidemia, hypertension and coronary artery disease, who had abnormal TFTs (TSH was 3.7 to 4.9 uIIu/ml; ref range 0.27-4.2 uIU/mL), and Free T4 was 0.92 to 1.06 ng/dL; ref range 0.55-1.6 ng/dl) prior to the diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lungs. She was initially treated with radiation. TFTs were unchanged. Her CEA was noted to be 129.5 (0-3.0 ng/mL). However, following chemotherapy with Tarceva (Erlotinib) 50 mg po daily, the TSH increased to 7.6 uIU/ml with Free T4 of 3.19 ng/dL. She remained clinically euthyroid. A thyroid ultrasound showed 1 -small sub centimeter nodule in each thyroid lobe. The patient later admitted to also taking biotin for an unknown period of time. TSH antibodies and TSI were both negative. Free T4 by dialysis was normal. While still taking Tarceva her TSH was noted to be 2.5 to 3.8 uIU/ml and both Free T4 and Free T3 were elevated and was 6.57 pg/ml;ref range=2.52-4.34 pg/mL). Six months later, the Free T4 decreased to 1.08 ng/dL. Thyroid antibodies and thyroglobulin remain normal. The patient remained clinically euthyroid. Conclusion: It is important to note that several factors can cause abnormal thyroid function tests, such as Immune check point inhibitors therapy, with the exact mechanism for abnormal TFTs unknown, and can also be associated with either Grave’s hyperthyroidism or Hashimoto’s hypothyroidism,as well as other autoimmune endocrine disorders. Biotin, a common supplement, has also been reported to interfere with the thyroid function test assays for free thyroxine (T4), total T4, free triiodothyronine (T3), total T3, TSH, and various cancer markers. However, It is important to clinically evaluate the patient for thyroid disorders, and recognize that therapy may not always be required, when discrepant and fluctuating thyroid function tests are obtained, such as in this patient. References: (1) Holmes EW, Samarasinghe S, Emanuele MA, Meah. Biotin interference in clinical immunoassays: a cause for concern. . Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017;141:1459-1460. (2) Rossi E, Sgambato, De Chaira G, et al. Thyroid-induced toxicity of check-point inhibitors immunotherapy in the treatment of advance non-small cell lung cancer. J. Endocrinol Diabetes 2016;3:1-10.

scholarly journals Thyroid Function Test as First-line Investigation of Hypernatremia: Is It Necessary?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Nada Syazana ◽  
Huzairi Sani ◽  
Zahir Izuan Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional

Non-severe hypothyroidism has no strong association with hyponatremia. However, thyroid function tests (TFT) continue to be ordered as a first-line investigation. The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of inpatient hyponatremia and to reiterate the association between thyroid disorders and hyponatremia based on study findings and current literature. A cross-sectional study on 3,478 in-patients adults of both gender admitted to a Malaysian tertiary hospital was carried out.  Age, gender, sodium levels, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and clinical notes between 1/11/17-31/12/17 were extracted from the hospital’s information system. Bivariate analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests. 21.9% of inpatients had hyponatremia of which 52% were mild. 359 (69%) of hyponatremic patients had a TFT sent where 71.9% were euthyroid. Sodium level is significantly correlated with age (R=-0.257, P<0.001). No correlations were found between sodium and TSH and fT4. Sodium was significantly lower in the non-thyroidal illness (NTI) group compared to the hypothyroid group. No significant differences in sodium were found between the hypothyroid group and other thyroid states. Hence it was conclude that in hyponatremia, TFT is indicated when there is clinical evidence of severe hypothyroidism, suspicion of hypothalamus-pituitary-axis disorder or when no cause of SIADH is apparent. Otherwise, TFT is unnecessary and costly as a first-line investigation.   Keywords: hyponatremia, hypothyroidism, hypothyroid, non-thyroidal illness, sodium

scholarly journals The Characteristics of Children with Abnormalities Detected in Thyroid Function Tests, and Distribution of Diagnoses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Çelik ◽  
Ayşe Anık
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Hashimoto Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Function Test

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid function tests are among the most frequently implemented laboratory tests in primary, and secondary healthcare institutions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics and final diagnosis of children referred by primary and secondary healthcare institutions with the suspicion of an abnormality in thyroid function test and/or with the initial diagnosis of specific thyroid disease. METHODS: A total of two hundred eighty-nine pediatric patients, aged between 4 and 18 years admitted to the outpatient clinics of Behçet Uz Children’s Health and Diseases Hospital between January 2018 and January 2020, were included in the study. The patient data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital records. RESULTS: A total of 66% of the patients who were included in the study were female with a median age of 12 years (8.7-14.4), while 64% of them were pubertal; and 78% of the cases were referred by secondary healthcare institutions. The most common reason for referral was isolated elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). A total of 56% of the patients were asymptomatic at the time of admission, and thyroid function test results of 75% of them were within normal limits. When evaluated according to their final diagnoses, the children were normal/healthy (64%), diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis (30%), nodular thyroid disease (3%), Graves disease (2%) and isolated increase of TSH was related to obesity in 5 patients (1%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It is essential to evaluate children with abnormal thyroid function test results with detailed history and physical examination. Besides, the thyroid function tests should be performed with reliable and sensitive methods in standardized laboratories to reach the correct diagnosis in these children.

scholarly journals Screening of Thyroid Function in the First Half of Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Shaila Naznine Tania ◽  
Ferdousi Islam
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
One Year ◽  
Serum Tsh

Objective: The study was conducted to find out any alterations in thyroid function status in first half of pregnancy (up to 20 weeks), with ultimate aim of deciding the usefulness of routine screening of thyroid function in pregnancy.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of one year from July 2011 to June 2012 on pregnant women in their 1st half of pregnancy to screen for the thyroid function. Based on predefined eligibility criteria, a total of 230 pregnant women were purposively included in the study. Thyroid function status was assessed by measuring serum levels of TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), and free tri-iodothyronine (FT3). Women with thyroid disorders were excluded.Results: The mean age of the patients being 24 years. Over 90% of the women were housewife and majority (88.7%) was educated. Over one-quarter of women was overweight with mean body mass index being 22.1 ± 4.4 kg/m2. The women were predominantly multigravida with 56% in 1st trimester 44% in the 1st half of 2nd trimester of pregnancy (13-20 weeks). Based on trimester’s specific range of serum TSH in the 1st and 1st half of 2nd trimester (13-20 weeks) of pregnancy,13% of the patients were hypothyroid and 3% were hyperthyroid thus yielding a total of 37(16%) pregnant women with abnormal thyroid function status.Conclusion: The study concluded that one in every six women may have thyroid disorder in the first half of pregnancy and subclinical hypothyroidism is four times more common than the subclinical hyperthyroidism.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 26-31

scholarly journals Effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on disease recognition and utilisation of healthcare services in the older population in German: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Michalowsky ◽  
Wolfgang Hoffmann ◽  
Jens Bohlken ◽  
Karel Kostev
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background There is little evidence about the utilisation of healthcare services and disease recognition in the older population, which was urged to self-isolate during the COVID-19 lockdown. Objectives We aimed to describe the utilisation of physician consultations, specialist referrals, hospital admissions and the recognition of incident diseases in Germany for this age group during the COVID-19 lockdown. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting 1,095 general practitioners (GPs) and 960 specialist practices in Germany. Subjects 2.45 million older patients aged 65 or older. Methods The number of documented physician consultations, specialist referrals, hospital admissions and incident diagnoses during the imposed lockdown in 2020 was descriptively analysed and compared to 2019. Results Physician consultations decrease slightly in February (−2%), increase before the imposed lockdown in March (+9%) and decline in April (−18%) and May (−14%) 2020 compared to the same periods in 2019. Volumes of hospital admissions decrease earlier and more intensely than physician consultations (−39 versus −6%, respectively). Overall, 15, 16 and 18% fewer incident diagnoses were documented by GPs, neurologists and diabetologists, respectively, in 2020. Diabetes, dementia, depression, cancer and stroke were diagnosed less frequently during the lockdown (−17 to −26%), meaning that the decrease in the recognition of diseases was greater than the decrease in physician consultations. Conclusion The data suggest that organisational changes were adopted quickly by practice management but also raise concerns about the maintenance of routine care. Prospective studies should evaluate the long-term effects of lockdowns on patient-related outcomes.

scholarly journals Thyroid disorder in pregnancy and postpartum with neonatal outcome a study in tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1795
Author(s):  
Bharati Das ◽  
Puspanjali Khuntia
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
New Born ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Function Test ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Thyroid disorders are well known entity in pregnancy. Both mother and baby have to suffer from the consequences.  Lot of works has been done and many guidelines too came out over the years but what is actual understanding of the disease process by the mothers about themselves and for their babies especially in developing country like India remained uncovered. This has been analysed in present study.Methods: It is a prospective observational study done in the post-partum programmed department of SCB medical college and hospital, a tertiary care center in eastern part of India for 3 years period. Thyroid dysfunction of the mothers and new born screening of thyroid function of their babies has been assessed.Results: During this period total no of the babies along with their mothers were evaluated were 3762. Total no of thyroid disorders detected in 85 (2.25%) of mothers, among which hypothyroidism in 79 (2.09%) and hyperthyroidism in 6 (0.16%) were found. From total 85 cases, 79 (93%) mothers were hypothyroid   and 6 (7%) were hyperthyroid. Among the hypothyroid mothers 32 (40.5%) were diagnosed before present pregnancy and (59.5%) were diagnosed during pregnancy. In the babies of hypothyroid mother, new born screening for thyroid function was done only in 14 (17.7%) cases between 5-10 days.Conclusions: Thyroid screening should be done in pregnancy as universal screening instead of high-risk cases. Documentation and interdepartmental coordination are very much essential in thyroid disorders for further decision by the physician for necessity of continuation of treatment and thyroid function test in the post-partum period for the mothers and its long-term consequences. It also guides the neonatologist or pediatrician doing thyroid function test of their babies. Ideally All newborns should be screened for congenital hypothyroidism as a part of new born screening (NBS) programmed. Effective communication with the mother and the family is very much essential for monitoring and treatment of both mother and the baby.

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