scholarly journals Automatic Analysis of Complex Interactions in Microservice Systems

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Dai ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Zhenping Qiang ◽  
Zhihong Liang ◽  
Bi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Algebra ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Model Interaction ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Asynchronous Communications ◽  
Interaction Faults ◽  
Asynchronous Interactions ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

Interactions in microservice systems are complex due to three dimensions: numerous asynchronous interactions, the diversity of asynchronous communication, and unbounded buffers. Analyzing such complex interactions is challenging. In this paper, we propose an approach for interaction analysis using model checking techniques, which is supported by the Process Analysis Toolkit (PAT) tool. First, we use Labeled Transition Systems (LTSs) to model interaction behaviors in microservice systems as sequences of send actions under synchronous and asynchronous communications. Second, we introduce a notion of correctness called “interaction soundness” which is considered as a minimal requirement for microservice systems. Third, we propose an encoding of LTSs into the CSP# process algebra for automatic verification of the property interaction soundness. The experimental results show that our approach can automatically and effectively identify interaction faults in microservice systems.

scholarly journals Organoids: life in three dimensions- a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Akhila CNV ◽  
Ravi Prakash A ◽  
Rajini Kanth M ◽  
Sreenath G ◽  
Sowmya K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Open The Doors ◽  
Dimensional Cell

Most of the diseases in humans are as a result of complex interactions occurring at cellular and molecular level. Research today has been focused in an attempt to reveal precisely the cellular evolution into pathogenesis. There are vast array of research fields, which include molecular biology, imaging techniques, etc. One of such field recently advancing worldwide is “Organotyping”. It is the successor of two dimensional cell cultures. Miniature organs and disease models can be produced from cells having the ability to proliferate and differentiate, by adopting definite protocols. Organoids are the potential tools to probe human biology and diseases; thereby they may change the approach to study diseases and provide treatment, in a more beneficiary way to the patient. Also organoids are used in vaccine production, cancer research, microbiology, tissue regeneration, drug testing, etc. Clinical trials are more devastating and may cost life of patients included in study. As such, organoids can be included in the protocols of clinical trials, through which the outcome of the study can be estimated. They open the doors for newer research methods and innovations, which are in peak requirement of present day scenario where new diseases are emerging and the diseases already existing are not yet cured.   

scholarly journals Data-flow-based adaption of the System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Security (STPA-Sec)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e362
Author(s):  
Jinghua Yu ◽  
Stefan Wagner ◽  
Feng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Data Flow ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Potential System

Security analysis is an essential activity in security engineering to identify potential system vulnerabilities and specify security requirements in the early design phases. Due to the increasing complexity of modern systems, traditional approaches lack the power to identify insecure incidents caused by complex interactions among physical systems, human and social entities. By contrast, the System-Theoretic Process Analysis for Security (STPA-Sec) approach views losses as resulting from interactions, focuses on controlling system vulnerabilities instead of external threats, and is applicable for complex socio-technical systems. However, the STPA-Sec pays less attention to the non-safety but information-security issues (e.g., data confidentiality) and lacks efficient guidance for identifying information security concepts. In this article, we propose a data-flow-based adaption of the STPA-Sec (named STPA-DFSec) to overcome the mentioned limitations and elicit security constraints systematically. We use the STPA-DFSec and STPA-Sec to analyze a vehicle digital key system and investigate the relationship and differences between both approaches, their applicability, and highlights. To conclude, the proposed approach can identify information-related problems more directly from the data processing aspect. As an adaption of the STPA-Sec, it can be used with other STPA-based approaches to co-design systems in multi-disciplines under the unified STPA framework.

Customer gratitude in relationship marketing strategies: a cross-cultural e-tailing perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Huggins ◽  
Darin W. White ◽  
Betsy Bugg Holloway ◽  
John D. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Web Quality

Purpose This study aims to examine how an organization’s Web-based marketing communication strategies drive feelings of customer gratitude and desired behavioral responses. The study specifically examines how a key cultural characteristic, ethnic identity, works in conjunction with Web quality to influence customers’ gratitude perceptions, thereby driving increases in positive word of mouth, repeat purchase intentions and price tolerance. Design/methodology/approach A major soccer e-retailer based in the USA collected survey data for the study. The authors examined the direct and indirect effects of Web quality through conditional process analysis. Findings Study findings indicate that customers’ Web quality and ethnic identity perceptions significantly influence customer gratitude and performance outcomes. Study findings also demonstrate the central mediating role of gratitude on the main and interactive effects of Web quality and ethnic identity. Practical implications Study findings suggest that online strategies of cultural-adaptation should go beyond integration of native language to include all key dimensions of website quality, to drive consumer gratitude and ultimately favorable outcomes such as word of mouth, price tolerance and repurchase intentions. Originality/value This research demonstrates empirical support for the successful deployment of relationship marketing efforts that impact all three dimensions (affect, cognition and behavioral intention) of customer gratitude.

scholarly journals Static detection of silent misconfigurations with deep interaction analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (OOPSLA) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Jialu Zhang ◽  
Ruzica Piskac ◽  
Ennan Zhai ◽  
Tianyin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
User Study ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Configuration File ◽  
Error Message ◽  
Data Flow Analysis ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Real World Datasets

The behavior of large systems is guided by their configurations: users set parameters in the configuration file to dictate which corresponding part of the system code is executed. However, it is often the case that, although some parameters are set in the configuration file, they do not influence the system runtime behavior, thus failing to meet the user’s intent. Moreover, such misconfigurations rarely lead to an error message or raising an exception. We introduce the notion of silent misconfigurations which are prohibitively hard to identify due to (1) lack of feedback and (2) complex interactions between configurations and code. This paper presents ConfigX, the first tool for the detection of silent misconfigurations. The main challenge is to understand the complex interactions between configurations and the code that they affected. Our goal is to derive a specification describing non-trivial interactions between the configuration parameters that lead to silent misconfigurations. To this end, ConfigX uses static analysis to determine which parts of the system code are associated with configuration parameters. ConfigX then infers the connections between configuration parameters by analyzing their associated code blocks. We design customized control- and data-flow analysis to derive a specification of configurations. Additionally, we conduct reachability analysis to eliminate spurious rules to reduce false positives. Upon evaluation on five real-world datasets across three widely-used systems, Apache, vsftpd, and PostgreSQL, ConfigX detected more than 2200 silent misconfigurations. We additionally conducted a user study where we ran ConfigX on misconfigurations reported on user forums by real-world users. ConfigX easily detected issues and suggested repairs for those misconfigurations. Our solutions were accepted and confirmed in the interaction with the users, who originally posted the problems.

scholarly journals Participation as Relational Space: A Critical Approach to Analysing Participation in Sustainability Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Fritz ◽  
Claudia Binder
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Relational Space ◽  
The Rich

In the field of sustainability, scholars, and policy-makers herald the transformative power of participation in knowledge production. However, a discrepancy between these expectations and the limited understanding of the complex interactions constituting participation processes can be observed. With the aim of critically analysing these complex interactions, this paper develops a conceptual perspective on participation as a relational space which is formed in the interplay of structures and processes. This perspective is applied to the analysis of empirical literature in sustainability research, development research, and science and technology studies. The literature review guided by the proposed conceptualisation systematically draws together the rich experience with participation in knowledge production. Elements constituting participation spaces along the dimensions ‘structures’ and ‘actors’ are identified and discussed in relation to ‘processes’ of space-making: (i) (in)coherences with reference system, (ii) resources, (iii) timing, (iv) expectations, (v) mutual trust, and (vi) worldviews and values. Power relations are found to pervade the three dimensions. Enhanced conceptual-analytical clarity of the elements constituting participation spaces provides a differentiated basis for discussing the transformative power of participatory knowledge production. By stimulating reflexivity on the making of participation, this approach contributes to better understanding when spaces of participation have the capacity to become spaces of transformation.

scholarly journals Interactions of a small molecule configuration mimetic the interactions found in α-synuclein aggregation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Saraiva ◽  
M. Helena Florêncio
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Model Interaction ◽  
Disordered Protein ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Spectroscopic Characteristics ◽  
Conformational Alteration ◽  
Β Sheets ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an increasingly prevalent and currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder. The aggregation of the amyloid disordered protein α-synuclein (Syn) has been implicated in the development of PD. Syn aggregation has been widely investigated but information concerning the conformational alterations in the diverse protein aggregated species at the molecular level is still scarce. To address this issue, it was here developed a comparative study involving the known parent N-acetyl-L-tyrosinamide (NAYA) compound and the Syn protein by using spectroscopic techniques. At least two different configurations of the NAYA compound were found to exist in solution. One configuration, known as the NAYA closed shape configuration, involves an amide intramolecular hydrogen-bonded interaction and was found to be a model interaction for the hydrophilic core of β-sheets, which are the most common conformational alteration found in Syn aggregated species. Since the spectroscopic techniques used herein also differentiate between tyrosyl and peptide bond groups and both NAYA and Syn possess such groups it was possible to assign these groups interactions in the β-sheets formed. This study retrieves the importance of using model compounds with spectroscopic characteristics similar to those found in proteins to access the complex interactions network existing in the amyloid aggregated species.

Time Factor in Cytogenetics and Neoplasia

1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Bartalos
Keyword(s):  
Time Factors ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Delayed Fertilization ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Negative Feedback Control ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Many

SummaryIn the complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors, time represents a coordinate. Thus, it is only logical to consider biological phenomena and features in the three dimensions of space and in the dimension of time. Gedda and coworkers devoted much attention to the genetic aspects of various chronobiological events in man, and performed an extensive series of experiments to probe the many ramifications of gene-related timing phenomena.Time factors in cytogenetics and neoplasia are discussed by considering chronobiological events as manifestations of interconnecting oscillatory phenomena in living systems. These phenomena, in turn, are regarded as the products of negative feedback control processes.Subjects under discussion include satellite association, nondisjunction, C-mitotic duplication, endomitosis, endoreduplication, and delayed fertilization. The different theories of carcinogenesis are briefly reviewed and the time factor, as it applies to postulated mutational changes in neoplasia, is discussed.

scholarly journals Bayesian Pathway Analysis for Complex Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (12) ◽  
pp. 1610-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W Baurley ◽  
Anders Kjærsgaard ◽  
Michael E Zwick ◽  
Deirdre P Cronin-Fenton ◽  
Lindsay J Collin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Premenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Modern epidemiologic studies permit investigation of the complex pathways that mediate effects of social, behavioral, and molecular factors on health outcomes. Conventional analytical approaches struggle with high-dimensional data, leading to high likelihoods of both false-positive and false-negative inferences. Herein, we describe a novel Bayesian pathway analysis approach, the algorithm for learning pathway structure (ALPS), which addresses key limitations in existing approaches to complex data analysis. ALPS uses prior information about pathways in concert with empirical data to identify and quantify complex interactions within networks of factors that mediate an association between an exposure and an outcome. We illustrate ALPS through application to a complex gene-drug interaction analysis in the Predictors of Breast Cancer Recurrence (ProBe CaRe) Study, a Danish cohort study of premenopausal breast cancer patients (2002–2011), for which conventional analyses severely limit the quality of inference.

Spudcan-Soil Interaction Analysis of a Jack-up Based on Elastic-Plastic Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wen Xian Tang ◽  
Hao Qian ◽  
Jun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Foundation Model ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Jack Up ◽  
Interaction Behaviors ◽  
Soil Interface

In order to investigate the jack-up spudcan-soil interaction behaviors, numerical simulation and design of experiments (DOE) of a jack-up were presented based on elastic-plastic foundation model, in operating and survival conditions. Spudcan load assessment indexes called RVAB, RHAB and RMAB were put forward by the authors, which were also the responses of the DOE. The results showed that, for both conditions, vertical load V on spudcan A is higher than that on spudcan B, while horizontal load H2 and moment M3 on spudcan A are lower than that on spudcan B. Yield was found on the Spudcan A-soil interface, and the plastic components in survival condition are higher than the ones in operating condition. Friction angle and unit weight are two important soil parameters that have a great effect on the spudcan-soil interaction behaviors.

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