scholarly journals Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazir ◽  
Asim Al-Ansari ◽  
Khalifa Al-Khalifa ◽  
Muhanad Alhareky ◽  
Balgis Gaffar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
High Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Bleeding On Probing ◽  
Periodontal Index

Background. Periodontal disease is a public health problem and is strongly associated with systemic diseases; however, its worldwide distribution is not fully understood. Objective. To evaluate global data of periodontal disease: (1) among adolescents, adults, and older population and (2) in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Methods. This ecological study included data of periodontal disease from the World Health Organization’s data bank which are based on the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN code: 0 = no disease; 1 = bleeding on probing; 2 = calculus; 3 = periodontal pocket (PD) 4-5 mm; 4 = PD (6+ mm). Age- and income-related periodontal disease inequalities were evaluated across the globe. Results. Compared with 9.3% of adults and 9.7% of older persons, 21.2% of adolescents had no periodontal disease (P=0.005). Nearly 18.8% of adolescents compared with 8.9% of adults and 5% of older persons had bleeding on probing (P≤0.001). Similarly, 50.3% of adolescents, 44.6% of adults, and 31.9% older persons demonstrated the occurrence of calculus (P=0.01). On the other hand, older persons had the highest prevalence of PD 4-5 mm and PD 6+ mm than adults and adolescents (P≤0.001). The distribution of periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) in adults differed significantly in low- (28.7%), lower-middle- (10%), upper-middle- (42.5%), and high-income countries (43.7%) (P=0.04). However, no significant differences in periodontitis (CPITN code 3 + 4) were observed in adolescents and older persons in low- to high-income countries. Conclusions. Within the limitations of data, this study found that the distribution of periodontal disease increases with age. Periodontitis was the most common in older persons and in population from high-income countries.

scholarly journals STATUS PERIODONTAL DAN KEBUTUHAN PERAWATAN PADA USIA LANJUT

e-GIGI ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyna Agnes Nastassia Lumentut ◽  
Paulina N. Gunawan ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index ◽  
Physical Abilities

Abstract: Elderly is a phase of declinemind and physical abilities caused by various degenerative diseases, environmental conditions and lifestyles. Changes that occur can lead the elderly to become susceptible to various diseases and one of it in oral is periodontal disease. The purpose of this research is to find out description of periodontal status and treatment need on elderly.This research is a descriptive research of Cross Sectional Study. The research did in the village of Ratatotok Muara with the community sample aged ≥ 55 years as many as 41 responden.Periodontal status examination performed by using an index of the WHO Community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN).Results showed that there was no healty periodontal, 1 person (2,44%) had bleeding on probing, 17 person (41,46%) have calculus, 19 orang (46,34%) had periodontal pocket 4-5 mm and patient with periodontal pocket ≥ 6 mm were 4 person (9,76%). Key words: Elderly, periodontal disease, CPITN.     Abstrak: Usia lanjut adalah fase menurunnya kemampuan akal dan fisik akibat berbagai penyakit degeneratif, kondisi lingkungan serta gaya hidup. Perubahan yang terjadi mengakibatkan usia lanjut rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit termasuk penyakit periodontal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran status periodontal dan kebutuhan perawatan periodontal pada usia lanjut. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan Study Cross Sectional.Penelitian dilakukan di desa Ratatotok Muara dengan sampel masyarakat yang berusia ≥ 55 tahun sebanyak 41 orang.Pemeriksaan status periodontal dilakukan dengan menggunakan indeks dari WHO yaitu Community index of periodontal treatment needs (CPITN). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan periodontal sehat, 1 orang (2,44%) yang mengalami perdarahan pada saat probing, 17 orang (41,46%) yang memiliki karang gigi, 19 orang (46,34%) yang mengalami poket periodontal 4-5 mm dan sebanyak 4 orang (9,76%) yang mengalami poket periodontal ≥ 6 mm. Kata kunci : Usia lanjut, penyakit periodontal, CPITN.

scholarly journals Periodontal clinical features of bronchial asthma patient using inhalation drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Maria Efrinta Ginting ◽  
Rosiliwati Wihardja ◽  
Dyah Nindita Carolina
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Gingival Bleeding ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Bronchial asthma patients use inhalation drugs as therapy to achieve a controlled asthma state. Inhaled corticosteroids and β2 agonists are the medication that is being used in this case. Prolonged use of inhalation drugs will affect the health of periodontal tissue. The effect of these drugs can reduce the periodontal defense mechanism and increase the risk of periodontal disease. This study aims to determine the periodontal clinical features of bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs. Method: This research was a descriptive study. The sample of the study were 22 females and 8 males bronchial asthma patients at the Community Lung Health Center of Bandung (Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Bandung/BBKPM Bandung) who had been using inhalation drugs for at least one year. The periodontal clinical feature was assessed by employing a Community Periodontal Index (CPI) modified with probing the gingival sulcus to assess the presence of gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket, and loss of clinical attachment where then a periodontal status was obtained. The periodontal status data were then processed using the periodontitis case definitions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) to determine periodontal disease in asthmatics patients. Results: Clinical features of gingival bleeding were found in 26 asthmatic patients (86.7%), periodontal pockets in 18 asthmatic patients (60%), and loss of clinical attachment in 27 asthmatic patients (90%). Based on the CDC/AAP case definition, 23 asthmatic patients (76.7%) had periodontitis. Bronchial asthma patients who used inhalation drugs had a risk of periodontitis.Conclusion: Bronchial asthma patients who used inhalation drugs for at least one year had gingival bleeding and loss of clinical attachment and periodontal pocket.

scholarly journals Disequilibrium of Plasma Protease/Anti-Protease Due to Severe Periodontal Disease Contributes to Human Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shotaro Yoshioka ◽  
Takeshi Miyamoto ◽  
Junichiro Satomi ◽  
Yoshiteru Tada ◽  
Kenji Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Severe Periodontal Disease ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhages

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remains unclear. Although a relationship between SAHs and periodontal disease (PD) has been suggested, the mechanism requires clarification. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between PD and SAHs and to identify periodontal pathogens associated with SAHs. METHODS This prospective study included consecutive patients with ruptured (n = 11) and unruptured (n = 14) IAs and healthy controls (n = 8). The plasma and plaque subgingival bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) levels in PD were evaluated by a dentist using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP2), and procollagen I were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with ruptured IAs, had significantly higher CPITN scores than the controls, suggesting that ruptured IAs were associated with severe PD. Although no rupture-specific bacteria were identified, the positive rate of plaque subgingival bacterial DNA was significantly higher in patients with severe PD than in those without severe PD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that bleeding on probing (BOP) was associated with ruptured IAs (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.20; P = .0001). BOP was positively associated with plasma MMP-9 levels and a disequilibrium in the MMP-9/TIMP2 ratio. BOP was negatively correlated with plasma procollagen I levels (P < .05, for each). This suggested that local inflammation with severe PD might have systemic effects and lead to ruptured IAs. CONCLUSION Disequilibrium of plasma protease/anti-protease associated with a high BOP rate in severe PD may be attributable to IA rupture.

scholarly journals The chronic periodontitis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The inflammation link between periodontal disease and coronary atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtkowska ◽  
Tomasz Zapolski ◽  
Joanna Wysokinska-Miszczuk ◽  
Andrzej P. Wysokinski
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Periodontal Index

Abstract Background Coronary atherosclerosis and periodontal disease, due to their prevalence, are a serious epidemiological problem. Pathophysiological evidence points to their possible common inflammatory etiopathological background. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the presence and severity of periodontitis, systemic inflammation and selected parameters of myocardial injury and heart function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods The study group consisted of 71 patients 54.22(7.05) - year - old hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction. The patients underwent a coronary angiographic examination and echocardiography. The following laboratory parameters were determined: blood morphology, hsCRP, ESR, fibrinogen, troponin I, CK-MB, BNP, lipidogram, glucose, creatinine, GFR, TSH, HbA1c. Dental assessment of the patients was performed and the following indicators were included: the number of teeth preserved, approximal plaque index (API), bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD), the number of bleeding periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm in depth (NoPD ≥ 4 mm), the percentage of bleeding periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm in depth (%PD ≥ 4 mm), clinical attachment loss (CAL). The severity of periodontal disease and periodontological treatment needs were determined using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Results The BI (bleeding index) significantly correlated with fibrynogen. All indices regarding the pocket depth (PD, NoPD ≥ 4 mm,% PD4 ≥ mm) correlated significantly with the number of leukocytes. PD and NoPD ≥ 4 mm were also associated significantly with the level of hsCRP. The BI is correlated closely with the levels of BNP. The multifactorial analysis showed that significant predictors of myocardial infarction are API and BI. The analysis showed that API and BI are important predictors of troponin levels. Linear regression analysis showed that only CAL is a significant predictor of BNP. Conclusions Patients with acute myocardial infarction have worse periodontal status in the AAP and CPITN classification compared to people without coronary heart disease. Higher severity of periodontal disease, poorer oral hygiene and increased activity of the periodontitis leads to greater manifestation of systemic inflammation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Periodontitis is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and also affects the degree of post-infarction left ventricular damage, which means that there is an inflammatory link between these two diseases.

scholarly journals The validity of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in epidemiological studies of periodontal diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Abdulsamet Tanık ◽  
Mehmet Gül
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index ◽  
Index Sensitivity

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of partial CPITN (PCPITN) and full-mouth CPITN (FCPITN) indexes from CPITN index versions used in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. Method: The study included 1,000 patients over the age of 20. The clinical attachment loss examination and clinically assisted full-mouth periodontal examination (gold standard) including the depth of the periodontal pocket on probing and dental stones were performed. PCPITN and FCPITN index versions were compared with the gold standard oral examination. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic estimation tables were statistically created from the obtained data. Results: For Gingivitis, the sensitivity of the PCPITN index was found to be 68.88%, specificity was 85.94% and the field value under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.6893. For periodontitis, FCPITN index sensitivity was 89.28%, specificity was 96.56% and field value under the ROC curve was 0.931. Conclusion: Although FCPITN and PCPITN indexes have a near moderate value in the diagnosis of gingivitis, they were found to be more effective in the diagnosis of periodontitis. We think that the FCPITN index is particularly effective in the diagnosis of periodontitis.   How to cite this article: Tanık A, Gül M. The validity of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in Epidemiological Studies of Periodontal Diseases. Int Dent Res 2020;10(2):44-48. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no2.3   Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

scholarly journals Examining Relationship between Occupational Acid Exposure and Oral Health in Workplace

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Liang Chen ◽  
Yuan-Yuei Chen ◽  
Wei-Te Wu ◽  
Ching-Huang Lai ◽  
Yu-Shan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Acid Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Acid Mist ◽  
Oral Tissue

Abstract Objectives: Acid mist can suspend in the air and enter the body via skin contact, the respiratory tract, or even oral intake, which pose various health hazards. Previous studies have shown that occupational exposure to acid mist or acidic solutions is a major risk factor for oral diseases. However, the findings are inconsistent and do not consider individual factors and lifestyles that may cause the same oral diseases. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive oral health survey and collected detail information to confirm the effect of acidic solution exposure on worker’s oral health. Methods: The study selected enterprises in the metal surface treatment or electroplating industries in Taiwan that employed 300 or more employees and were willing to participate in this survey. Each enrolled subject underwent a questionnaire and comprehensive teeth and oral mucosa examination by a team of qualified and uniformed trained dentists. Oral clinical mirrors and community periodontal index (CPI)-type millimetric probe clinical data were collected according to the World Health Organization (WHO) dental caries diagnostic criteria. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 309 subjects participated was surveyed. Results: The results showed that acid exposure was correlated with soft oral tissue injury rather than hard oral tissue in our survey. Besides, halitosis and age were positive associated with periodontal disease and use of dental floss reduced the risk of periodontal disease. After correcting for major factors, such as age, sex, smoking, drinking, and chewing areca, acid exposure was still statistically related to periodontal disease in LA (loss of attachment) index by 3.27-fold (p = 0.00, CI 1.69 - 6.34). Conclusion: This study showed that occupational acid exposure during acidic solution work was an independent risk factor for periodontal disease. It is important to strengthen occupational hazard control, educate workers on oral disease and related factors, and raise the awareness of oral hygiene.

scholarly journals Pengalaman karies, penyakit periodontal dan tingkat risiko karies ibu hamilCaries experience, periodontal disease, and caries risk level of pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mutia Rizki Rahmayani ◽  
Anne Agustina Suwargiani ◽  
Netty Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index

Pendahuluan: Perempuan yang sedang hamil merupakan golongan yang rentan terhadap penyakit gigi dan mulut. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang tidak dijaga dengan baik dapat menjadi sumber terjadinya penyakit gigi dan mulut seperti infeksi gigi dan jaringan periodontal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengalaman karies, penyakit periodontal, dan tingkat risiko karies ibu hamil. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui survei yang melibatkan 50 orang ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pagarsih. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan indeks DMF-T, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) dan Caries Risk Assessment Form ADA usia >6 tahun. Hasil: Nilai indeks DMF-T ibu hamil 7,84 termasuk kriteria rendah. Hasil CPITN yaitu periodontal sehat 0%; BOP 4%; kalkulus 64%; poket 4-5 mm 32%; poket 6 mm 0%. Sejumlah 4% ibu hamil membutuhkan perawatan periodontal instruksi oral hygiene, 96% lainnya membutuhkan perawatan instruksi oral hygiene, scaling dan menghilangkan faktor retentif plak. Persentase risiko karies ibu hamil dengan kategori sedang sebanyak 34% dan tinggi sebanyak 66%. Simpulan: Pengalaman karies ibu hamil termasuk ke dalam kriteria rendah, penyakit periodontal yang paling sering dijumpai adalah gingivitis, sedangkan tingkat risiko karies ibu hamil masuk ke dalam kategori tinggi.Kata kunci: Ibu hamil, indeks DMF-T, indeks CPITN, karies, tingkat risiko karies. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pregnant women are the susceptible group to oral diseases. Negligence of oral health care can be a source of oral diseases such as dental and periodontal tissue infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the caries experience, periodontal disease, and caries risk level of pregnant women. Methods: This research was descriptive with data collection techniques through a survey involving 50 pregnant women at Pagarsih Community Health Centre (Puskesmas). Data collection was obtained by examining the DMF-T index, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), and the ADA Caries Risk Assessment Form aged >6 years. Results: The DMF-T index value for pregnant women was 7.84, which included the low criteria. The result of the CPITN was 0% healthy periodontal; BOP 4%; 64% calculus; pocket 4-5 mm 32%; pocket 6 mm 0%. Some 4% of pregnant women need periodontal treatment with oral hygiene instructions; the other 96% need oral hygiene instructions, scaling and removing plaque retentive factors. The percentage of caries risk for pregnant women in the moderate category was 34%, and 66% were in the high category. Conclusion: The caries experience of pregnant women is included in the low criteria. The most common periodontal disease is gingivitis, while the caries risk level of pregnant women is in the high category.Keywords: Pregnant women, DMF-T index, CPITN index, caries, caries risk level.

scholarly journals Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among 12 and 15-year-old Government and Private School Children in Rupandehi District (Bhairahawa) Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
HK Halwai ◽  
PK Bhat ◽  
M Shekhar ◽  
B Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Periodontal Index

INTRODUCTION : Good oral health is important and have major impact on peoples daily lives and activities. This study  was conducted to assess dental caries, periodontal health, and malocclusion of school children aged 12 and 15 years and to compare them in government and private schools. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 12- and 15-year-old children in government and private schools was conducted in Rupendehi (Bhairahawa) Nepal. A sample of 1011 school children (both males and females) was selected by a two-stage cluster sampling method. Clinical recordings of dental caries and malocclusion were done according to World Health Organization diagnostic criteria 1997. Periodontal health was assessed by Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs index. The data collected was analyzed by SPSS versons 13. The statistical tests used were t-test and Chi-square tests.RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries was 32.6% and 42.2% at 12 and 15 years of age, respectively. At 12 years of age, the mean decayed, missing, filled teeth were 0.62 ± 1.42 and it was 1.06 ± 2.93 at 15 years of age. Females had higher level of caries than males at both the ages. At both ages, mean of decayed teeth was statistically higher in government schools as compared with private schools. Children in government schools had significantly less number of mean filled teeth at both ages as compared with private schools. The healthy component of gingiva was present in higher percentage of children in private schools as compared with government schools at both the age groups. The prevalence of malocclusion among the 12- year-old (58.1%) was more as compared with that among the 15-year-old (53.5%).CONCLUSION: The caries experience of 12 and 15 years old children was low but the prevalence of gingivitis and malocclusion was quite high. Effective oral health promotion strategies need to be implemented to improve the oral health of school children further in Rupendehi District , Bhairahawa, Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11822 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 15-19

scholarly journals Health Literacy Associations with Periodontal Disease among Slovak Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Silvia Timková ◽  
Tatiana Klamárová ◽  
Eva Kovaľová ◽  
Bohuslav Novák ◽  
Peter Kolarčik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index

Periodontal disease is inflammation of the gums and without good oral hygiene, it can progress to periodontitis. Oral hygiene might be related to a patient’s health literacy (HL), defined as ability to gain access, understand, and use information to promote and maintain good health. The aim of our study is to examine the associations of HL with indicators of periodontal disease. A cross-sectional study on 1117 adults (36.2% males; mean age = 36.4, SD = 14.2) attending dental hygiene treatment was conducted. Data on demographics, socioeconomic status, and nine domains of HL (Health Literacy Questionnaire, HLQ) were collected by questionnaire, and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) was established by the dental hygienist. Data were analysed using t-tests and logistic regression. Respondents with periodontal disease (N = 152) had statistically significantly lower levels of HL in seven out of nine HLQ domains compared to intact patients (N = 818) (t from 3.03 to 4.75, p < 0.01). Association of higher HL in seven domains with lower chance of diagnosed periodontal disease remain significant even after adjustment for age, gender and educational attainment (adjusted ORs 0.55–0.67, p < 0.05). Our findings confirm that an individual’s lower HL is significantly associated with higher chance of periodontal disease incidence, specifically among Slovak adults attending oral hygiene clinics. HL might be a promising factor in the improvement of oral health in this population, worthy of consideration in intervention and preventive activities.

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