scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Particular Association

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Tini ◽  
Riccardo Scagliola ◽  
Fiammetta Monacelli ◽  
Giovanni La Malfa ◽  
Italo Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Impact

Background and aim. During ageing, the prevalence of dementia, and especially of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), increases. The aim of this review is to investigate the relationship between AD and CVD and its risk factors, with a view to explain the underlying mechanisms of this association. Methods. This review is based on the material obtained via MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Clinical Trials databases, from January 1980 until May 2019. The search term used was “Alzheimer’s disease,” combined with “cardiovascular disease,” “hypertension,” “dyslipidaemia,” “diabetes mellitus,” “atrial fibrillation,” “coronary artery disease,” “heart valve disease,” and “heart failure.” Out of the 1,328 papers initially retrieved, 431 duplicates and 216 records in languages other than English were removed. Among the 681 remaining studies, 98 were included in our research material on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: (a) the community-based studies; (b) using standardized diagnostic criteria; (c) reporting raw prevalence data; (d) with separate reported data for sex and age classes. Results. While AD and CVD alone may be considered deleterious to health, the study of their combination constitutes a clinical challenge. Further research will help to clarify the real impact of vascular factors on these diseases. It may be hypothesized that there are various mechanisms underlying the association between AD and CVD, the main ones being hypoperfusion and emboli, atherosclerosis, and the fact that, in both the heart and brain of AD patients, amyloid deposits may be present, thus causing damage to these organs. Conclusions. AD and CVD are frequently associated. Further studies are needed in order to understand the effect of CVD and its risk factors on AD in order to better comprehend the effects of subclinical and clinical CVD on the brain. Finally, we need to clarify the impact of the underlying hypothesized mechanisms of this association and to investigate gender issues.

scholarly journals Inflammation and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeles Vinuesa ◽  
Carlos Pomilio ◽  
Amal Gregosa ◽  
Melisa Bentivegna ◽  
Jessica Presa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Overnutrition and modern diets containing high proportions of saturated fat are among the major factors contributing to a low-grade state of inflammation, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. In the last decades, the global rise of type 2 diabetes and obesity prevalence has elicited a great interest in understanding how changes in metabolic function lead to an increased risk for premature brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cognitive impairment and decreased neurogenic capacity could be a consequence of metabolic disturbances. In these scenarios, the interplay between inflammation and insulin resistance could represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent or ameliorate neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. The present review aims to provide an update on the impact of metabolic stress pathways on AD with a focus on inflammation and insulin resistance as risk factors and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley ◽  
Paul Poirier ◽  
Lora E. Burke ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Impact

The global obesity epidemic is well established, with increases in obesity prevalence for most countries since the 1980s. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep disorders. Obesity also leads to the development of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease mortality independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. More recent data highlight abdominal obesity, as determined by waist circumference, as a cardiovascular disease risk marker that is independent of body mass index. There have also been significant advances in imaging modalities for characterizing body composition, including visceral adiposity. Studies that quantify fat depots, including ectopic fat, support excess visceral adiposity as an independent indicator of poor cardiovascular outcomes. Lifestyle modification and subsequent weight loss improve both metabolic syndrome and associated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, clinical trials of medical weight loss have not demonstrated a reduction in coronary artery disease rates. In contrast, prospective studies comparing patients undergoing bariatric surgery with nonsurgical patients with obesity have shown reduced coronary artery disease risk with surgery. In this statement, we summarize the impact of obesity on the diagnosis, clinical management, and outcomes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, especially sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation. In particular, we examine the influence of obesity on noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures for coronary artery disease. Moreover, we review the impact of obesity on cardiac function and outcomes related to heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we describe the effects of lifestyle and surgical weight loss interventions on outcomes related to coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.

The impact of risk factors of Alzheimer's disease in the Down syndrome

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Folin ◽  
Silvia Baiguera ◽  
Maria Conconi ◽  
Tecla Pati ◽  
Claudio Grandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

The impact of age and Alzheimer’s disease risk factors on memory performance over time

Aging Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie C Kaiser ◽  
Karen J Miller ◽  
Prabha Siddarth ◽  
Linda M Ercoli ◽  
Gary W Small
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

O4-05-02: No relationship of cardiovascular disease risk factors to the progression of Alzheimer's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. T193-T194
Author(s):  
Gabor Abellan van Kan ◽  
Yves Rolland ◽  
Fati Nourhashemi ◽  
Christelle Cantet ◽  
Sandrine Andrieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals The Impact of Disease Comorbidities in Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Santiago ◽  
Judith A. Potashkin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

A wide range of comorbid diseases is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Evidence from clinical and molecular studies suggest that chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, and inflammatory bowel disease, may be associated with an increased risk of AD in different populations. Disruption in several shared biological pathways has been proposed as the underlying mechanism for the association between AD and these comorbidities. Notably, inflammation is a common dysregulated pathway shared by most of the comorbidities associated with AD. Some drugs commonly prescribed to patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease have shown promising results in AD patients. Systems-based biology studies have identified common genetic factors and dysregulated pathways that may explain the relationship of comorbid disorders in AD. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms for the occurrence of disease comorbidities in AD are not entirely understood. Here, we discuss the impact of the most common comorbidities in the clinical management of AD patients.

Abstract P321: Pregnancy Loss is Associated With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Mexican Women

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra A Hartasanchez ◽  
Mario Flores ◽  
Adriana Monge ◽  
Elsa Yunes ◽  
Carlos Cantu-Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women often develops in the absence of conventional risk factors. Prenatal loss, a common pregnancy outcome, may result in physiologic changes that could affect future risk of myocardial infarction. Little is known about the impact of pregnancy loss on early markers of CVD risk. Hypothesis: Pregnancy loss affects carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 1,769 disease-free women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort who had been pregnant to evaluate the relation between pregnancy loss and CIMT. In 2008 participants answered a baseline questionnaire on reproductive history, risk factors for chronic disease and medical conditions that was updated in 2011. We defined pregnancy loss as abortion and/or stillbirth. Between 2012 and 2016, CIMT was measured by trained neurologists using ultrasound in three clinical sites. We log-transformed CIMT and defined carotid atherosclerosis as CIMT ≥0.8mm or plaque. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to assess the relation between pregnancy loss, CIMT and carotid atherosclerosis. Results: Mean age of participants was 49.8 (SD ± 5.1) years. The prevalence of pregnancy loss was 22% (394 of 1769) , while we observed carotid atherosclerosis in 23% (405 of 1769) of participants. Comparing participants who reported a pregnancy loss to those who did not, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for carotid atherosclerosis was 1.52 (95% CI 1.12, 2.06). Women who experienced a stillbirth had 2.32 higher odds (95% CI 1.03, 5.21) of carotid atherosclerosis than those who did not. Mean CIMT appeared to be higher in women who reported a pregnancy loss relative to those who did not, however, in multivariable analyses, pregnancy loss and stillbirth were not significantly associated with CIMT. Conclusions: Abortion and stillbirth may be associated with a higher risk of CVD. Additional investigation on potential underlying mechanisms for this association is required.

scholarly journals Differential effects of risk factors on the cognitive trajectory of early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Kim ◽  
Sook-Young Woo ◽  
Seonwoo Kim ◽  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
Junpyo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Rapid Cognitive Decline ◽  
Function Language ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although few studies have shown that risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with cognitive decline in AD, not much is known whether the impact of risk factors differs between early-onset AD (EOAD, symptom onset < 65 years of age) versus late-onset AD (LOAD). Therefore, we evaluated whether the impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk factors on cognitive trajectories differ in EOAD and LOAD. Methods We followed-up 193 EOAD and 476 LOAD patients without known autosomal dominant AD mutation for 32.3 ± 23.2 months. Mixed-effects model analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of APOE ε4, low education, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity on cognitive trajectories. Results APOE ε4 carriers showed slower cognitive decline in general cognitive function, language, and memory domains than APOE ε4 carriers in EOAD but not in LOAD. Although patients with low education showed slower cognitive decline than patients with high education in both EOAD and LOAD, the effect was stronger in EOAD, specifically in frontal-executive function. Patients with hypertension showed faster cognitive decline than did patients without hypertension in frontal-executive and general cognitive function in LOAD but not in EOAD. Patients with obesity showed slower decline in general cognitive function than non-obese patients in EOAD but not in LOAD. Conclusions Known risk factors for AD were associated with slower cognitive decline in EOAD but rapid cognitive decline in LOAD.

scholarly journals Evidence and Therapeutic Perspectives in the Relationship between the Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11157
Author(s):  
Yoann Maitre ◽  
Rachid Mahalli ◽  
Pierre Micheneau ◽  
Alexis Delpierre ◽  
Gilles Amador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This review aims to clarify the nature of the link between Alzheimer’s disease and the oral microbiome on an epidemiological and pathophysiological level, as well as to highlight new therapeutic perspectives that contribute to the management of this disease. We performed a systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews checklist, from January 2000 to July 2021. The terms “plaque,” “saliva,” and “mouth” were associated with the search term “oral diseases” and used in combination with the Boolean operator “AND”/”OR”. We included experimental or clinical studies and excluded conferences, abstracts, reviews, and editorials. A total of 27 articles were selected. Evidence for the impact of the oral microbiome on the pathophysiological and immunoinflammatory mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease is accumulating. The impact of the oral microbiome on the development of AD opens the door to complementary therapies such as phototherapy and/or the use of prebiotic compounds and probiotic strains for global or targeted modulation of the oral microbiome in order to have a favourable influence on the evolution of this pathology in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document