Rice Cultivar Response to Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl When Applied with Imazethapyr and a Cytochrome P450 Inhibitor

Understanding cultivar responses to a new herbicide is crucial to determining appropriate herbicide use and management practices. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new rice herbicide developed to control troublesome weeds in rice production. Little research has been conducted to characterize rice cultivar responses to florpyrauxifen-benzyl, and thus, a field experiment was conducted at the Pine Tree Research Station (PTRS) in 2017 and 2018 and at the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) in 2018 to determine rice cultivar tolerance to florpyrauxifen-benzyl as influenced by herbicide rate, the addition of imazethapyr, and rice growth stage. Another experiment was conducted in 2018 at PTRS and RREC to assess crop response when florpyrauxifen-benzyl at different rates is applied with and without malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor. Three cultivars were evaluated in both experiments: a long-grain variety “CL111,” a medium-grain variety “CL272,” and a long-grain hybrid “CLXL745.” Injury in the first experiment was higher when florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at 60 g ae ha−1 than at the labeled rate of 30 g ha−1, with the most injury being 10% when averaged over growth stage at the time of application. Generally, applications made at the 3-leaf growth stage resulted in the most injury; however, this injury was at most 14%. Additionally, there was no reduction in grain yield for any cultivar, indicating florpyrauxifen-benzyl can be used safely in conjunction with imazethapyr in imidazolinone-resistant rice. In the second experiment, there was no more than 10% injury and no reduction in grain yield, with the addition of malathion not causing an increase in rice injury. Results from these experiments indicate florpyrauxifen-benzyl can be mixed with imazethapyr and the addition of malathion will not lead to increased risk for injury to rice.

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Response of Rice Varieties to Age of Seedlings and Transplanting Dates

Nepal Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.3126/narj.v4i0.4858 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

Mishri L Shah ◽

Rambaran Yadav

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Research Station ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Research Journal ◽

Key Words Age ◽

Similar Yield

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur in 1998/99 and 1999/00 with an aim to find out the alternate management practices to compensate the loss in the grain yield due to flood. Irrespective of the varieties and transplanting dates, age of seedlings had no effect on grain yield of rice. But transplanting dates had significant effect on grain and grain contributing characters. The yield of rice transplanted at 1 Sept was 25.6 and 37.5% less in 1998/99 and 1999/00 respectively as compared to rice grain yield of 14 July transplanting. Radha 11 registered the highest grain yield of 4086 kg ha-1 in 1999/00 and 2662 kg ha-1 in 1998/99, which was at par to the yield obtained by Sabitri at the same year. The interaction effect of the age of seedlings, transplanting dates and varieties were found significant in both the years. 25 days old seedlings transplanted on 14 July in 1999/00 of rice varieties Masuli and Radha 11, produced statistically the similar yield. Radha 11 was the best among the tested varieties. 25 days old seedlings of Masuli, Basmati, Sabitri and Radha 11 can be recommended to transplant as late as Sept 1 .Key words: Age of seedlings; Rice; Transplanting datesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4858Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 14-17Uploaded date: 7 June, 2011

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Effect of Land Configuration and Weed Management on Performance of Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4241 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

P. Venkata Rao ◽

A. Subbarami Reddy ◽

M. V. Ramana

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Vigna Mungo ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Research Station ◽

Marginal Lands ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Plot Design

Background: Blackgram is an important crop among kharif pulses and is usually grown on marginal and sub-marginal lands without proper weed management under rainfed situation. Broad bed furrows had greater influence on plant growth over farmers practice. Weed management through mechanical or manual is normally tedious, labour consuming and costlier. Keeping this in view, the present study was envisaged to investigate integrated effect of land configuration and weed management regimes on productivity of urdbean. Methods: A field experiment was carried out during kharif seasons of 2016 and 2017 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur on effect of land configuration and weed management on performance of urdbean (Vigna mungo L.Hepper). The treatments included two land configurations i.e., flat bed and broad bed furrow method allotted as horizontal plots and four weed management practices i.e., weedy check, pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 PE, imazethapyr 10% SL @ 55 g ha-1 at 15-20 DAS and pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 PE fb imazethapyr 10% SL @ 55g ha-1 at 15-20 DAS allotted as vertical plots replicated four times in a strip plot design. The comparison of treatment means was made by critical difference (CD) at P less than 0.05 by using standard statistical procedures. Result: Based on the results, it can be concluded broad bed method of land configuration proved its superiority over flat bed method by producing 12.8 per cent higher grain yield besides empowering growth and yield attributes. Among the weed management practices, the highest grain yield (1280 kg ha-1) recorded with pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 PE fb imazethapyr 10% SL @ 55g ha-1 at 15-20 DAS along with maximum monetary returns and B:C can be recommended for urdbean.

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Relative effectiveness of various sources, methods, times and rates of copper fertilizers in improving grain yield of wheat on a Cu-deficient soil

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-089 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. S. Malhi ◽

L. Cowell ◽

H. R. Kutcher

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Growing Season ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Cu Deficiency

A field experiment was conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of various sources, methods, times and rates of Cu fertilizers on grain yield, protein concentration in grain, concentration of Cu in grain and uptake of Cu in grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and residual concentration of DTPA-extractable Cu in soil on a Cu-deficient soil near Porcupine Plain in northeastern Saskatchewan. The experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 on the same site, but the results for 2002 were not presented because of very low grain yield due to drought in the growing season. The 25 treatments included soil application of four granular Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate, Cu sulphate, Cu oxysulphate I and Cu oxysulphate II) as soil-incorporated (at 0.5 and 2.0 kg Cu ha-1), seedrow-placed (at 0.25 and 1.0 kg Cu ha-1) and foliar application of four solution Cu fertilizers (Cu chelate-EDTA, Cu sequestered I, Cu sulphate/chelate and Cu sequestered II at 0.25 kg Cu ha-1) at the four-leaf and flag-leaf growth stages, plus a zero-Cu check. Soil was tilled only once to incorporate all designated Cu and blanket fertilizers into the soil a few days prior to seeding. Wheat plants in the zero-Cu treatment exhibited Cu deficiency in all years. For foliar application at the flag-leaf stage, grain yield increased with all four of the Cu fertilizers in 2000 and 2001, and in all but Cu sequestered II in 1999. Foliar application at the four-leaf growth stage of three Cu fertilizers (Cu chelate-EDTA, Cu sequestered I and Cu sulphate/chelate), soil incorporation of all Cu fertilizers at 2 kg Cu ha-1 and two Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate and Cu sulphate) at 0.5 kg Cu ha-1 rate, and seedrow placement of two Cu fertilizers (Cu lignosulphonate and Cu sulphate) at 1 kg Cu ha-1 increased grain yield of wheat only in 2001. There was no effect of Cu fertilization on protein concentration in grain. The increase in concentration and uptake of Cu in grain from Cu fertilization usually showed a trend similar to grain yield. There was some increase in residual DTPA-extractable Cu in the 0–60 cm soil in Cu lignosulphonate, Cu sulphate and Cu oxysulphate II soil incorporation treatments, particularly at the 2 kg Cu ha-1 rate. In summary, the results indicate that foliar application of Cu fertilizers at the flag-leaf growth stage can be used for immediate correction of Cu deficiency in wheat. Because Cu deficiency in crops often occurs in irregular patches within fields, foliar application may be the most practical and economical way to correct Cu deficiency during the growing season, as lower Cu rates can correct Cu deficiency. Key words: Application time, Cu source, foliar application, granular Cu, growth stage, placement method, rate of Cu, seedrow-placed Cu, soil incorporation

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Yield of aerobic rice affected by high temperature stress during summer season -A study from red and laterite zone of West Bengal, India

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v5i2.339 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 394-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Jana ◽

G. K. Mallick ◽

S. Ghosh

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

West Bengal ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Summer Season ◽

Research Station ◽

Aerobic Rice ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Spikelet Sterility

Field experiment on the performance of aerobic direct seeded rice (ADSR) under red and laterite zone of West Bengal was conducted at Rice Research Station, Bankura, West Bengal, India during summer season, 2012. The experimental soil was sandy loam with acidic in nature (pH: 5.2). The results exhibited that the grain yield (1 t ha-1) of rice in aerobic situation was low. This might be due to high atmospheric temperature during flowering period, which results in poor grain setting in panicle and most of them became chaffy due to spikelet sterility. Ultimately, it produced low grain yield of rice in aerobic situation during summer season due to high temperature at flowering period, grain formation and grain ripening stages. Thus, aerobic rice system of cultivation needed good management practices.

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Yield Potentiality of Maize as Relay Crop with T. Aman Rice under Different Agronomic Management

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2017-0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 35-49

Author(s):

M.R. Islam ◽

R. Zaman ◽

M.A. Alam ◽

M.A.A. Khan ◽

J. Hossain

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Soil Management ◽

Research Station ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Area Index ◽

Economic Point ◽

Agronomic Management

AbstractThe experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh, during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to introduce maize as relay crop with T. Aman rice under different agronomic practices for determine the production potentials. The experiment was design split plot with three replications. The agronomic management practices included four plant spacing viz. S1=75 cm×20 cm (66666 plants/ha), S2=60 cm×20 cm (83333 plants/ha), S3=50 cm×20 cm (100000 plants/ha) and S4=40 cm×20 cm (125000 plants/ha) and four soil management practices viz. M1=soil mulching at 25 DAE, M2=earthing up at 25 DAE, M3=straw mulching at 25 DAE and M4= without earthing up and mulching (control). Seeds were relayed by dibbling manually in 10 days before the harvest of T. Aman rice. Results showed that an increasing plant spacing increased leaf area Index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR) and light energy interception (LEI). Grain yield was higher in S3spacing (8.44 t/ha) than others (S48.11 t/ha, S27.34 t/ha and S16.89 t/ha). Among the soil management practices, M2increased LAI, TDM, CGR, LEI as well as grain yield. Moreover, M2and M1gave similar grain yield (8.22 t/ha and 8.02 t/ha), that were significantly greater than other two soil management practices (M37.55 t/ha and M46.98 t/ha). From the economic point of view, combination of S3M1gave better performance with gross margin of Tk. 95000/ha and BCR of 2.17. On the basis of results, S3M1combination was suitable for growing maize under relay sowing with T. Aman rice.

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Performance of direct seeded rice in Tungabhadra command area of Karnataka

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i4.1557 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2481-2484

Author(s):

Y. M. Ramesha ◽

Manjunath Bhanuvally ◽

Ashok Kumar Gaddi

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Large Scale ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Command Area ◽

Research Station ◽

Net Returns ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Labour Requirement ◽

Direct Seeded

A large scale demonstration was taken on direct seeded rice in four locations (one at ARS, and three at Farmers field in 50 acres each) in and around the Agricultural Research Station, Dhadesugur, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka. Our analysis showed that, the yield performance of direct seeded rice (DSR) varied with transplanted rice (TPR) and with different locations. This may be due to variety used and crop management practices adopted by the farmers. In L2, maximum grain yield was recorded in DSR (6500 kg/ha) and TPR (6200 kg/ ha) compared to other three locations. Further, the grain yield was higher in DSR compared to TPR in all the locations. Similarly, economics of DSR varied with TPR and with different locations. This may be due to yield variation at different locations. In L2, net returns and B:C ratio were higher in DSR (` 93628/ha and 3.93, respectively) and TPR (`79868/ ha and 3.0, respectively) compared to other three locations. Further, net returns and B:C ratio were higher in DSR compared to TPR. Further, 47% of the labour requirement was saved in DSR compared to TPR. Therefore, concluded that, farmers can grow rice by direct seeding instead of planting to save the labour and the expenditure.

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UPLAND RICE CULTIVAR RESPONSES TO ROW SPACING AND WATER STRESS ACROSS MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479716000612 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 609-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ALEXANDRE BRYAN HEINEMANN ◽

JULIAN RAMIREZ-VILLEGAS ◽

ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE ◽

WALMES MARQUES ZEVIANI ◽

LUÍS FERNANDO STONE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Rotation System ◽

Spacing Effects ◽

Cultivar Responses

SUMMARYUpland rice (Oryza sativa L., UR) could be an option under soybean–maize crop rotation system. However, the recommended row spacing for UR (0.30 m) is shorter than that recommended for soybean and corn (0.40 m), limiting the use of UR in this rotation. We hypothesize that cultivar adaptation to wider than recommended row spacing and local environmental conditions harbour significant potential for overcoming the yield constraints of wider row spacing. We evaluated the row spacing effects on rice grain yield and their components in UR cultivars grown under different water deficit conditions. The experiments were designed as a randomized block in a split–split-plot scheme with sites (the cities of Santo Antônio de Goiás, Porangatu and Formoso) as main plots, row spacing (0.25, 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55 m) as the subplots and UR cultivars (one old and two modern genotypes) as the sub-subplots. We found that, in the less stressful environments, the modern cultivars, BRSMG Curinga and BRS Primavera, presented the highest grain yield. By contrast, in environments with moderate to intense water stress, the traditional cultivar, Douradão, presented the best performance, regardless of row spacing used. We conclude that UR is a viable option for soybean–maize rotation systems, as the UR cultivars tested presented no noticeable yield losses when sown with the same row spacing used for soybean and maize crops (0.40 m). In terms of impact, it can lead to an increase in UR cropped area in Brazil, and decrease in dependence on flooded rice harvested in the south of the country.

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on the Incidence of Insect Pests in Four Rice Cultivars

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2430377 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 348-357

Author(s):

I. Paramasiva ◽

U. Vineetha ◽

Ch. Sreelakshmi ◽

P. N. Harathi

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Research Station ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Levels

Aim: To determine the effect of local rice cultivars and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the incidence of stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker); leaffolder, Cnephalocrocis medinalis (Guenee); and gall midge, Orseolia oryzae (Wood Mason) and on grain yield of rice. Study Design: A field experiment for two consecutive years was carried out in a split-plot arrangement in randomized block design with three replications. Place and duration of the study: Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Station, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India during Kharif, 2013 and 2014. Methodology: The rice cultivars (NLR 20104, NLR 20106, NLR 3135 and NLR 33892) were attributed to experimental main plots and nitrogen levels (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg ha-1) to the sub plots. Observations on incidence of stem borer, gall midge and leaf folder was recorded in randomly selected 10 hills per subplot in replication and percent incidence was calculated. Results: The pest incidence for the treatments with high N rate as 160 and 200 kg/ha was higher (31.43 & 43.86% stem borer, 9.23 & 13.59% leaffolder and 2.75 & 3.00% gall midge, respectively) than that for lower N rate i.e. 40 and 80 kg ha-1 (19.24 & 20.04% stem borer, 7.37 & 7.95% leaffolder and 1.42 & 1.93% gall midge, respectively). Different rice cultivars significantly influenced the leaffolder incidence but not the stem borer and gall midge incidence. The Highest leaffolder incidence (13.44%) was noticed in NLR 20104 cultivar which was followed by NLR 3135 cultivar with 9.64% leaffolder incidence. Gall midge and leaffolder incidence was not significantly influenced by the combined effect of rice cultivar and nitrogen levels; in contrast, interaction effect has a significant influence on stem borer incidence. Significantly lowest stem borer incidence (18.21%) was noticed with NLR 3135 rice cultivar treated with 40 N ha-1, which was statistically on par with the NLR 20106 rice cultivar treated with 40 kg N ha-1 (18.23%) and NLR 20104 rice cultivar treated with 40 kg N ha-1 (19.76%). Among the different cultivarscultivar, NLR 33892 cultivarhad produced significantly highest grain yield (5955 kg ha-1) may be for having higher physiological indices. The highest/optimum grain yield (5726 kg ha-1) produced by plots that received 120 kg N ha-1. Further increase in nitrogen level beyond 120 kg ha-1 did not significantly improve the grain yield. Optimal N rate was revealed to be 120 kg ha-1 for four rice cultivars for reducing the stem borer/leaffolder/gall midge incidence so as to minimize the cost of inputs for pest control measures and for achieving high grain yield. Conclusions: The incremental doses of nitrogen fertilizer significantly enhanced stem borer, leaffolder and gall midge infestation on rice, which further affects the grain yields.

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Sensitivity and Recovery of Grain Sorghum to Simulated Drift Rates of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Paraquat

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture9040070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ralph Hale ◽

Taghi Bararpour ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

John Seale ◽

Bhupinder Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Glyphosate Drift ◽

Herbicide Drift

A field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the sensitivity and recovery of grain sorghum to the simulated drift of glufosinate, glyphosate, and paraquat at two application timings (V6 and flag leaf growth stage). Paraquat drift caused maximum injury to sorghum plants in both years, whereas the lowest injury was caused by glyphosate in 2017. Averaged over all herbicide treatments, injury to grain sorghum from the simulated herbicide drift was 5% greater when herbicides were applied at flag leaf stage, as compared to herbicide applications at the six-leaf stage in 2017. In 2018, injury from glyphosate drift was higher when applied at the six-leaf stage than at the flag leaf stage. Paraquat and glufosinate drift caused more injury when applied at flag leaf stage than at six-leaf stage at 14 days after application in 2018. About 21% to 29% of injury from the simulated drift of paraquat led to a 31% reduction in grain sorghum yield, as compared to a nontreated check in 2017. The simulated drift of glyphosate and glufosinate did not result in any significant yield reduction compared to the nontreated check in 2017, possibly due to the recovery of sorghum plants after herbicides’ drift application.

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Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Drill-Seeded Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500083120 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 703-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Amadou Diarra ◽

Roy J. Smith ◽

Ronald E. Talbert

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growing Season ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Red Rice ◽

Culm Density ◽

High Yields

Field experiments were conducted to investigate methods of controlling red rice (Oryza sativaL. ♯ ORYSA) in drill-seeded rice (O. sativa). Treatments included the rice cultivar ‘Mars', coated with calcium peroxide (CaO2) at 40% (w/w) and a crop protectant, R-33865 (O,O-diethyl-O-phenyl phosphorothioate) at 0.5 and 1% (v/w). Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) at 6.7 kg ai/ha was applied preplant incorporated (ppi). The land was flooded (2.5 to 5 cm deep) after seeding with rice (100 kg/ha, 2.5 cm deep), and the water was maintained throughout the growing season. CaO2, with or without molinate, increased rice grain yield 50% and increased rice culm density fivefold above untreated rice. Molinate applied ppi controlled 96% of the red rice. Rice seed coated with only CaO2or with CaO2plus R-33865 at 0.5%, each combined with ppi molinate, produced 5690 and 6030 kg/ha of grain, respectively. These high yields were associated with red rice control by molinate and good stands of rice provided by O2supplied by CaO2. R-33865 applied to rice seed at 1% (v/w) injured rice by reducing rice culm densities 41%, compared with rice without protectant.

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