Effect of Moxibustion on Behavioral Changes and Expression of APP and BACE1 in Hippocampus of SAMP8 Mice

Objective. To observe the effect of moxibustion on cognitive function of aging mice, to observe the effect of moxibustion on protein and gene expression of APP metabolism pathway, and to explore the mechanism of action in moxibustion. Methods. 24 SAMP8 were randomly divided into 2 groups (12 in each group): moxibustion group and model group. 12 SAMR1 mice were used as blank controls. Mice in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion for 8 weeks, 10 minutes each time, 5 times a week, and for a total of 8 weeks. The model group and the blank group were treated with sham-moxibustion. Behavior tests were used to detect the learning and memory ability of each group of mice. Immunohistochemical, western blot, and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of APP and BACE1. Furthermore, the expressions of miR-29 and miR-101 were observed by RT-PCR method to explore the mechanism of moxibustion at the genetic level. Results. In this study, relative to normal mice, we found that aging mice showed behavioral changes consistent with the onset of AD. However, moxibustion interventions were able to mitigate these effects to some degree in aging mice. In addition, moxibustion was proved to regulate APP metabolism pathway at protein and gene level through molecular biology tests. Conclusion. The data suggest that the effect of moxibustion intervention on cognitive function in aging mice is related to the regulation of genes and proteins involved in APP metabolism pathway; this may be a potential target for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

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Effect of Memantine Hydrochloride on Homocysteine Level and Cognitive Function in Diabetic Vascular Dementia Model Mice

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2021.2643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 872-878

Author(s):

Yu Yang ◽

Lifei Xing ◽

Hongliang Yan ◽

Min Wang ◽

Yanqing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Vascular Dementia ◽

Clinical Judgment ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

High Performance ◽

Escape Latency ◽

Model Group ◽

Blank Group ◽

Mouse Hippocampus ◽

Positive Rate

Increased Hcy has a toxic effect on nerve cells and can cause hippocampal death and directly damage the body’s cognitive function and memory ability, leading to the occurrence of vascular dementia. Hcy predicts vascular disease and might be a basis for clinical judgment. This article provides a new basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease by exploring the mechanism of action of memantine hydrochloride in diabetic vascular dementia. After grouping, mice walked through the Morris water maze to record the escape latency, and measured the Hcy level of the mice by high performance liquid chromatography. Observing the volume of brain atrophy in mice. GFAPT, APP, and CHAT level in mouse hippocampus was assessed by IHC and CHAT mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Escape latency, Hcy level (11.46 ±0.74) yiimmol/L, brain atrophy volume (25.21 ±1.21) mm3, number of APP positive cells (46.7003±3.2431), number of GFAP positive cells (21.4000 ± 1.8127) were all significantly lower than those of model group. The positive rate of CHAT and the amount of CHAT mRNA in the memantine hydrochloride group was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) with higher CHAT mRNA than model group and lower than blank group (P < 0.05). Memantine hydrochloride could reduce the level of Hcy in mice, improve the cognitive function of mice with diabetic vascular dementia by improving the number of GFAP and CHAT positive cells in hippocampus and cortex, and increasing the amount of CHAT mRNA in brain tissue.

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Real-time Quantitative RT-PCR method for estimation of mRNA level of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein in the central nervous system ofLymnaea stagnalis

Acta Biologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/abiol.55.2004.1-4.19 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (1-4) ◽

pp. 157-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. Hatakeyama ◽

Hisayo Sadamoto ◽

E. Ito

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Real Time ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Enhancer Binding Protein ◽

Ccaat Enhancer Binding Protein ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Pcr Method

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Investigation of Antibacterial Effect and Expression of Alkaline Protease Gene in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PAO1) Using Copper Oxide, Copper Complex and Satureja Khuzistanica: RT-PCR Method

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (04) ◽

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Copper Oxide ◽

Copper Complex ◽

Alkaline Protease ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Protease Gene ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pao1 ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Alkaline Protease Gene

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Activated STAT3 signaling pathway by ligature-induced periodontitis could contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in rats

Journal of Neuroinflammation ◽

10.1186/s12974-021-02071-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi Hu ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Xinyi Xia ◽

Huxiao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Bone Resorption ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Periodontal Tissue ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Stat3 Signaling ◽

Stat3 Signaling Pathway

Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggests a causal link between periodontitis and cognitive disorders. Systemic inflammation initiated by periodontitis may mediate the development of cognitive impairment. Our study aims to investigate the effect of ligature-induced periodontitis on cognitive function and the role of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in this process. Materials and methods Ligature-induced periodontitis was established, and the rats were treated intraperitoneally with/without the pSTAT3 inhibitor cryptotanshinone (CTS). Alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation were detected by micro-computed tomography analysis and histopathological evaluation. Locomotor activity and cognitive function were evaluated by the open field test and the Morris water maze test, respectively. The activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-21) in both the periphery and cortex was evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of TLR/NF-κB and ROS cascades was evaluated by RT-PCR. The expression of pSTAT3 and the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway (JAK2, STAT3, and pSTAT3) in the periodontal tissue and cortex were assessed by IHC and Western blot. The expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its key secretases was evaluated by RT-PCR. The level of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and the ratio of Aβ1-40/1-42 were measured via ELISA in the plasma and cortex while IHC was used to detect the level of Aβ1-42 in the brain. Results In periodontal ligature rats, significant alveolar bone resorption and local inflammatory cell infiltration were present. Apparent increases in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-21) were detected in peripherial blood and brain. Additionally, spatial learning and memory ability was impaired, while locomotor activity was not affected. Activated microglia and astrocytes were found in the cortex and hippocampus, presenting as enlarged cell bodies and irregular protrusions. Levels of TLR/NF-kB, PPAR and ROS were altered. The STAT3 signaling pathway was activated in both the periodontal tissue and cortex, and the processing of APP by β- and γ-secretases was promoted. The changes mentioned above could be relieved by the pSTAT3 inhibitor CTS. Conclusions Ligature-induced periodontitis in rats resulted in systemic inflammation and further abnormal APP processing, leading to cognitive impairments. In this progress, the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway may play an important role by increasing inflammatory load and promoting neuroinflammation.

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