scholarly journals Chemical Comparison of White Ginseng before and after Extrusion by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yun-Long Guo ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yi-Lin Zhao ◽  
Xiu-Ying Xu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Discrimination Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
White Ginseng ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Quadrupole-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) was used to compare the composition of ginsenosides in white ginseng (WG) and extruded white ginseng (EWG). A total of 45 saponins, including original neutral ginsenosides, malonyl-ginsenosides, and chemical transformation of ginsenosides, were successfully identified in both WG and EWG. Multivariate statistical analyses including supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to analyze components of white ginseng before and after extrusion. As a result, three ginsenosides (malonyl (M)-Rb1, M-Rb2, and M-Rc) were found to be increased in WG, while three ginsenosides (Rb2, Rc, and Rg1) were elevated in EWG. In the OPLS-DA S-plot, the different compositions of ginsenoside that were distinguished between WG and EWG were screened out. Experimental results indicate that the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS is a useful tool to characterize variations of ginsenosides in WG and EWG.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shen from different regions based on fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Junrui Tian ◽  
Chong Wan ◽  
Hongmin Dong ◽  
Dingtao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Chemometric Method ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Hexadecatrienoic Acid

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this paper was to construct a reliable methodology to discriminate the geographical origins of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan planted in different regions in Sichuan, China. Materials and methods Fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves of C. violaceum planted in various regions of Sichuan Province in China, namely Guangyuan (GY), Langzhong (LZ), Jintang (JT), Bazhong (BZ), and Shuangling (SL), were determined using GC-MS followed by multivariate statistical analyses, including orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Results Leaves of C. violaceum showed the highest contents of hexadecatrienoic acid (3.21 g/kg), linoleic acid (6.62 g/kg), and α-linolenic acid (7.24 g/kg), which were all higher than those contained in roots. Chuanminshen violaceum samples collected from LZ, JT, and GY could be clearly distinguished based on fatty acid profiles of leaves and those collected from LZ, GY, and BZ could be clearly distinguished based on fatty acid profiles of roots. Conclusions Chemometric method is used as a potential approach for analyses of fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves to control the quality of C. violaceum and their powered products.

scholarly journals Metabolome-Based Discrimination Analysis of Five Lilium Bulbs Associated with Differences in Secondary Metabolites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Ying Kong ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Lixin Lang ◽  
Xiaoying Dou ◽  
Jinrong Bai
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Discrimination Analysis ◽  
Lilium Species ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography

The bulbs of several Lilium species are considered to be both functional foods and traditional medicine in northern and eastern Asia. Considering the limited information regarding the specific bioactive compounds contributing to the functional properties of these bulbs, we compared the secondary metabolites of ten Lilium bulb samples belonging to five different species, using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based secondary metabolomics approach. In total, 245 secondary metabolites were detected; further, more metabolites were detected from purple Lilium bulbs (217 compounds) than from white bulbs (123–171 compounds). Similar metabolite profiles were detected in samples within the same species irrespective of where they were collected. By combining herbal analysis and screening differential metabolites, steroid saponins were considered the key bioactive compounds in medicinal lilies. Of the 14 saponins detected, none were accumulated in the bulbs of L. davidii var. willmottiae, also called sweet lily. The purple bulbs of L. regale accumulated more secondary metabolites, and, notably, more phenolic acid compounds and flavonoids. Overall, this study elucidates the differential metabolites in lily bulbs with varying functions and colors and provides a reference for further research on functional foods and the medicinal efficacy of Lilium species.

scholarly journals The impact on social relationships of moving from congregated settings to personalized accommodation

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy McConkey ◽  
Brendan Bunting ◽  
Fiona Keogh ◽  
Edurne Garcia Iriarte
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

A natural experiment contrasted the social relationships of people with intellectual disabilities ( n = 110) before and after they moved from congregated settings to either personalized accommodation or group homes. Contrasts could also be drawn with individuals who had enduring mental health problems ( n = 46) and who experienced similar moves. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in each person’s residence on two occasions approximately 24 months apart. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to determine significant effects. Greater proportions of people living in personalized settings scored higher on the five chosen indicators of social relationships than did persons living in grouped accommodation. However, multivariate statistical analyses identified that only one in five persons increased their social relationships as a result of changes in their accommodation, particularly persons with an intellectual disability and high support needs. These findings reinforce the extent of social isolation experienced by people with disabilities and mental health problems that changes in their accommodation only partially counter.

Statistical Approaches to Structural Change in Regional Interindustry Models

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189-1207
Author(s):  
B Ó Huallacháin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
State Data ◽  
System A ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
The Impact

The conventional approach to assessing structural change in regional input – output tables is to measure the impact of coefficient change on the estimation of outputs and multipliers. The methods developed and tested in this paper focus exclusively on the coefficients. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses can be used to identify and measure various types of changes ranging from coefficient instability to changes in interindustry relationships as a system. A distinction is made between structural changes in input relationships and those in output relationships. The methods are tested by using Washington State data for the years 1963 and 1967. The results are compared with previous analyses of change in these data.

scholarly journals Identification of Epidemiological Traits by Analysis of SARS−CoV−2 Sequences

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Bohu Pan ◽  
Zuowei Ji ◽  
Sugunadevi Sakkiah ◽  
Wenjing Guo ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering Analysis ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Pairwise Sequence Similarity ◽  
Sequence Similarity Analysis

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS−CoV−2) has caused the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic that began in late December 2019. The rapid spread of SARS−CoV−2 is primarily due to person-to-person transmission. To understand the epidemiological traits of SARS−CoV−2 transmission, we conducted phylogenetic analysis on genome sequences from >54K SARS−CoV−2 cases obtained from two public databases. Hierarchical clustering analysis on geographic patterns in the resulting phylogenetic trees revealed a co-expansion tendency of the virus among neighboring countries with diverse sources and transmission routes for SARS−CoV−2. Pairwise sequence similarity analysis demonstrated that SARS−CoV−2 is transmitted locally and evolves during transmission. However, no significant differences were seen among SARS−CoV−2 genomes grouped by host age or sex. Here, our identified epidemiological traits provide information to better prevent transmission of SARS−CoV−2 and to facilitate the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics against the virus.

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