scholarly journals Clinicopathologic Features and Outcome of Adenocarcinoma of the Anal Canal: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shekhar Gogna ◽  
Roberto Bergamaschi ◽  
Agon Kajmolli ◽  
Mahir Gachabayov ◽  
Aram Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Canal ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background. Anal canal adenocarcinoma (AA) is an uncommon tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. We seek to provide a detailed description of the incidence, demographics, and outcome of this rare tumor in the United States. Methods. The data on anal canal adenocarcinoma from SEER Program, between 1973–2015, were extracted. We analyzed the incidence rates by demographics and tumor characteristics, followed by analysis of its impact on survival. Results. The incidence of AA increased initially by 4.03% yearly from 1973 to 1985 but had a modest decline of 0.32% annually thereafter. The mean age for diagnosis of AA was 68.12 ± 14.02 years. Males outnumbered females by 54.8 to 45.2%. Tumors were mostly localized on presentation (44.4%) and moderately differentiated (41.1%). Age generally correlated with poor overall cancer survival. However, young patients (age <40 years) also showed poor long-term survival. Patients with localized disease and well-differentiated tumors showed better survival outcomes. Surgical intervention improved survival significantly as compared to patients who did not (116.7 months vs 42.7 months, p<0.01). Conclusions. Anal canal adenocarcinoma demonstrated a poor bimodal cancer-free survival in both younger and older patient groups. Surgery significantly improves odds of survival and should be offered to patients amenable to intervention.

Breast Cancer in Young Women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A Newman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Breast Conserving Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Key Words Breast

The perception that breast cancer in young women is a growing problem in the United States is based on the fact that young women represent a demographic that has enlarged substantially over the past few decades. Population-based data actually reveal relatively stable incidence rates for breast cancer among women in the premenopausal age range. Young women are more likely to be diagnosed with biologically aggressive phenotypes such as triple-negative and HER2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer. Outcomes are optimized by treatment plans focusing on disease stage and targeted to phenotype. Locoregional therapy for breast cancer in young women should be based on patient preferences and disease pattern (as in older patients); young women with breast cancer can be managed safely with breast-conserving surgery. This review contains 3 figures, 2 tables, and 50 references. Key Words: breast cancer, fertility, ovarian suppression, premenopausal, young women; triple negative breast cancer

Abstract T MP66: Injury to the Head or Neck Increases Risk of Ischemic Stroke Three-fold After Trauma.

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine K Fox ◽  
Adam L Numis ◽  
Steve Sidney ◽  
Heather J Fullerton
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Diagnostic Codes

Background: Over 2 million people under age 50 are seen in a U.S. emergency room monthly for non-fatal injuries. Our objective was to measure ischemic stroke incidence after traumatic injury in young patients and identify stroke risk factors. Methods: We performed a population-based study of ischemic stroke after trauma among people <50 years old in a Northern Californian integrated health care system. We electronically identified a cohort of patients with diagnostic codes for trauma (ICD-9 800-959.9) in emergency and inpatient encounters from 1997-2011, then identified ischemic stroke outcomes within 4 weeks. To determine stroke, we required an ICD-9 stroke code (433-438) plus a radiology report of brain imaging containing a keyword: stroke, infarct#, thromb#, ischemi#, lacun#, or dissect#. A neurologist reviewed the reports to exclude those inconsistent with ischemic stroke. We obtained clinical data such as injury type from electronic databases to calculate stratified incidence rates and risk ratios. Results: From 1.5 million trauma encounters, we identified 197 ischemic strokes. The 4-week stroke incidence after any traumatic injury was 0.013% (95% CI 0.011, 0.015). Patients with stroke had a mean age of 37.7 years (SD 12.2) versus 24.0 years (SD 13.8) in those without stroke (P<0.0001). Patients with injury to the head or neck were more likely to have a stroke compared to those with other types of injuries (Table). The 4-week stroke incidence after head or neck injury was 0.07% (95% CI 0.05, 0.09) among adults and 0.005% (95% CI 0.001, 0.01) among children (P<0.0001). Of the 197 stroke cases, 16% (95% CI 11, 22) had a diagnostic code for cranio-cervical dissection. Conclusions: A 4-week stroke incidence of 0.013% suggests that 260 young people have an ischemic stroke after a traumatic injury every month in the U.S. Further research is needed to identify the highest risk groups, such as those with head or neck injury, and opportunities for stroke prevention.

scholarly journals Changes in the Incidence of Endstage Renal Disease Due to Lupus Nephritis in the United States, 1996–2004

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL M. WARD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Endstage Renal Disease ◽  
The Us ◽  
Population Based Registry ◽  
Us Census

ObjectiveTo determine if the incidence of endstage renal disease (ESRD) due to lupus nephritis has decreased from 1996 to 2004.MethodsPatients age 15 years or older with incident ESRD due to lupus nephritis in 1996–2004 and living in one of the 50 United States or the District of Columbia were identified using the US Renal Data System, a national population-based registry of all patients receiving renal replacement therapy for ESRD. Incidence rates were computed for each calendar year, using population estimates of the US census as denominators.ResultsOver the 9-year study period, 9199 new cases of ESRD due to lupus nephritis were observed. Incidence rates, adjusted to the age, sex, and race composition of the US population in 2000, were 4.4 per million in 1996 and 4.9 per million in 2004. Compared to the pooled incidence rate in 1996–1998, the relative risk of ESRD due to lupus nephritis in 1999–2000 was 0.99 (95% CI 0.93–1.06), in 2001–2002 was 0.99 (95% CI 0.92–1.06), and in 2003–2004 was 0.96 (95% CI 0.89–1.02). Findings were similar in analyses stratified by sex, age group, race, and socioeconomic status.ConclusionThere was no decrease in the incidence of ESRD due to lupus nephritis between 1996 and 2004. This may reflect the limits of effectiveness of current treatments, or limitations in access, use, or adherence to treatment.

scholarly journals Cutaneous lymphoma incidence patterns in the United States: a population-based study of 3884 cases

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (21) ◽  
pp. 5064-5073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Porcia T. Bradford ◽  
Susan S. Devesa ◽  
William F. Anderson ◽  
Jorge R. Toro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
T Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Cutaneous Lymphomas ◽  
Distinct Disease ◽  
Asian Pacific

Abstract There have been no prior large population-based studies focusing on cutaneous lymphomas (CL) in the United States. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program data, we analyzed age-adjusted CL incidence rates (IRs) and survival rates by sex and race/ethnicity. There were 3884 CLs diagnosed during 2001-2005. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) accounted for 71% (age-adjusted incidence rate [IR] = 7.7/1 000 000 person-years), whereas cutaneous B-cell lymphomas(CBCLs) accounted for 29% (IR = 3.1/1 000 000 person-years). Males had a statistically significant higher IR of CL than females (14.0 vs 8.2/1 000 000 person-years, respectively; male-female IR ratio [M/F IRR] = 1.72; P < .001). CL IRs were highest among blacks and non-Hispanic whites (both 11.5/1 000 000 person-years), followed by Hispanic whites (7.9) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (7.1). The CTCL IR was highest among blacks (10.0/1 000 000 person-years), whereas the CBCL IR was highest among non-Hispanic whites (3.5). Over the past 25 years, the CL IR increased from 5.0/1 000 000 person-years during 1980-1982 to 14.3 during 2001-2003. During 2004-2005, the CL IR was 12.7. This recent apparent change could be incomplete case ascertainment or potential leveling off of IRs. CLs rates vary markedly by race and sex, supporting the notion that they represent distinct disease entities.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of cancer registry completeness on international cancer survival differences: a simulation study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M.-L. Andersson ◽  
Mark J. Rutherford ◽  
Tor Åge Myklebust ◽  
Bjørn Møller ◽  
Isabelle Soerjomataram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Registration ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
International Partnership ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Data from population-based cancer registries are often used to compare cancer survival between countries or regions. The ICBP SURVMARK-2 study is an international partnership aiming to quantify and explore the reasons behind survival differences across high-income countries. However, the magnitude and relevance of differences in cancer survival between countries have been questioned, as it is argued that observed survival variations may be explained, at least in part, by differences in cancer registration practice, completeness and the availability and quality of the respective data sources. Methods As part of the ICBP SURVMARK-2 study, we used a simulation approach to better understand how differences in completeness, the characteristics of those missed and inclusion of cases found from death certificates can impact on cancer survival estimates. Results Bias in 1- and 5-year net survival estimates for 216 simulated scenarios is presented. Out of the investigated factors, the proportion of cases not registered through sources other than death certificates, had the largest impact on survival estimates. Conclusion Our results show that the differences in registration practice between participating countries could in our most extreme scenarios explain only a part of the largest observed differences in cancer survival.

Epidemiology and survival of neuroendocrine tumors in Ontario: A 15-year population-based study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 184-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moises Cukier ◽  
Calvin Law ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Refik Saskin ◽  
Simron Singh
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
The Impact

184 Background: A recent study of the SEER database in the United States showed a 5-fold increase in neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) over the last 30 years. An increasing incidence has also been reported in Norway, Sweden, England, Holland, Italy and Japan, but interestingly not in Denmark and Switzerland. The objective of our study is to describe the incidence, anatomical distribution and survival of NETs in Ontario. Methods: A population based study was initiated using the Ontario Cancer Registry, cross-linked with the Registered Persons Database and the Canadian Institute of Health Information Discharge Abstract Database. All cases of NETs were identified in Ontario (> 13 million persons) from 1994 to 2009. Baseline demographic, clinical and outcomes data were abstracted to allow for an analysis of annual incidence rates, and overall survival. Results: A total of N = 5619 cases were identified. The incidence rate increased from 2.46/ 100,000 (95% CI, 2.13-2.83) in 1994 to 5.86/ 100,000 (95% CI, 5.40 – 6.35) in 2009. The median age was 62 with 50.5% female cases. When divided by site, bronchopulmonary NETs where the most common (22%), then jejunum/ileum (17%) and rectal (16%) NETs, while pancreatic NETs (pNETs) and gastric NETs were 10% and 5% respectively. The absolute increase in the study period was most pronounced for pNETs (6-fold), rectal (5-fold) and gastric (5-fold) NETs. Metastatic disease was documented in 45% of the cases; 20% at diagnosis and 25% during follow-up. The 5-and 10-year overall survival (OS) was 61% and 46% respectively, for the entire population. Site specific 5-year OS were: rectal (87.0%), small bowel (73.4%), gastric (67.4%), colon (64.3%) and pancreas (48.8%). 5-year OS was compared for patients with and without metastatic disease after diagnosis (69.0% vs 40.1%, p<0.0001). Conclusions: There appears to be a significant increase of reported cases of NETs in Ontario, Canada, particularly pNETs, rectum NETs and gastric NETs. This supports much of the population-based reports worldwide. Survival appears to vary significantly according to anatomical site and extent of disease. Further research is required to understand the impact of this cancer previously perceived to be rare but clearly increasing.

A SEER-based multiethnic picture of cholangiocarcinoma in the United States pre and post the advent of gemcitabine/cisplatin.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 448-448
Author(s):  
Kabir Mody ◽  
Samuel O Antwi ◽  
David O Hodge ◽  
Zahara Meghji ◽  
Sikander Ailawadhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ethnic Variations

448 Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare, lethal cancer with five-year survival of less than 10%. Although incidence rates have been increasing in the United States, ethnic variations in survival have not been investigated. We examined multi-ethnic variation in overall survival (OS) and CCA-specific survival (CSS) using data from the population-based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program in the four year periods before and after introduction of gemcitabine/cisplatin as treatment for CCA. Methods: The study included data from 9,975 CCA cases reported in SEER between 2006 and 2013. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine overall and cholangiocarcinoma-specific survival by ethnicity, age, gender and in the pre- and post- gemcitabine/cisplatin era (2006-2009 vs. 2010-2013). Results: Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics had poorer 3-year OS (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.10-1.26) and 3-year CCA-specific survival (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.16-1.35). Similarly, non-Hispanic Blacks had 3-year OS (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.12-1.30) and 3-year CCA-specific survival (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.13-1.37). Males and older patients also were found to have shorter survival compared to females and younger patients. Also noted was an increase in CCA incidence rate over time (2006-2013) of 5.93%. Among those < 50 versus ≥50 years old, a 23% higher rate of incidence in those < 50 was noted. Overall survival and CSS were both significantly improved for patients post-advent of Gemcitabine/Cisplatin. Statistically significant improvement in CSS pre- and post-advent of Gemcitabine/Cisplatin was noted in non-hispanic whites (p < 0.001) and Hispanics (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks have worse survival after diagnosis with CCA. Further studies are needed to determine the determinants of poor survival among these groups toward targeted intervention. Significant improvements in OS and CSS have been seen after the advent of Gemcitabine/Cisplatin. The incidence of CCA is rising faster in young persons, under the age of 50, compared with older patients.

Proximity to oil refineries and risk of bladder cancer: A population-based analysis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4538-4538
Author(s):  
Tamer Dafashy ◽  
Daniel Phillips ◽  
Mohamed Danny Ray-Zack ◽  
Preston Kerr ◽  
Yong Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Background Exposure ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

4538 Background: Exposure to aromatic amines is a risk factor for bladder cancer. Incidence rates according to proximity to oil refineries are largely unknown. We sought to determine proximity of oil refineries and bladder cancer incidence in the State of Texas which is home to the largest number of oil refineries in the United States. Methods: We used the Texas Cancer Registry database to identify patients diagnosed with bladder cancer from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2014. The U.S. census data from 2010 was used to ascertain overall population size, age and sex distributions. Heat maps of the 28 active oil refineries in Texas were developed. Incidence of bladder cancer were compared according to proximity ( < 10 vs. ≥ 10 miles) to an oil refinery. Risk ratios were adjusted using a Poisson regression model. Results: A total of 45,517 incident bladder cancer cases were identified of which 5,501 cases were within 10 miles of an oil refinery. In adjusted analyses, bladder cancer risk was significantly greater among males vs. females (Relative Risk (RR) 3.41, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 3.33-3.50), and greater among people living within 10 miles from an oil refinery than those living outside a 10-mile radius from an oil refinery (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.08-1.31). Conclusions: People living within 10 miles from oil refineries were at greater risk for bladder cancer. Further research into exposure to oil refineries and bladder cancer incidence is warranted.

Pancreatic cancer survival trends overall, by stage, and histologic sub-type: An analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) population-based data (2000-2015).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15772-e15772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Karimi ◽  
Vanessa L Gordon-Dseagu ◽  
Pavel Chernyavskiy ◽  
Michael Goggins ◽  
Philip S. Rosenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified

e15772 Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States, with an overall relative 5-year survival rate of 8.2%. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of survival trends after PC diagnosis overall and by stage and histologic sub-type. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, population-based study of 91,234 PC cases using nationally representative data from the SEER program to evaluate 5-year survival trends by histologic sub-type from 2000 to 2015. Our model incorporated sub-type-specific random intercepts to effectively stabilize survival estimates by borrowing information across all sub-types. The estimation was performed in a fully Bayesian setting in R. Results: Adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) and ductal adenocarcinomas comprised 81% of PC. Cancer stage and histologic sub-type were both important factors in explaining variability in 5-year survival. We observed a consistent ordering of cancer stages within each histologic sub-type from highest to lowest survival for local, regional, and metastatic disease, respectively. Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified, ductal adenocarcinoma, ductal specified as mucinous, and poorly specified type had the lowest 5-year survival with fitted ranges of 25-35% for localized, 5-19% for regional and < 4% for metastatic disease. Ductal arising from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, ductal specified as cystic, acinar cell, other adenocarcinoma, and non-carcinomas had intermediate 5-year survival of 54-75%; while endocrine non-secretory or neuroendocrine, endocrine secretory, carcinoid, and solid pseudopapillary cancers had the best survival (87-98%). On average, across histologic sub-types, PC survival improved by 0.5% (90% credible interval 0.01%, 1.0%) per year, or 5.1% (0.1%, 10.0%) per decade. Some improvement in fitted survival occurred across all stages and histologic sub-types. Conclusions: Overall survival for patients with PC has improved by around 5% per decade from 2000 to 2015, with significant heterogeneity by histologic sub-type.

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