scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors Associated with HIV Vulnerability according to Sexual Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida A. O. Serra ◽  
Antoninho B. Milhomem ◽  
Samae B. Oliveira ◽  
Francisca Aline A. S. Santos ◽  
Roberta Araújo e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sex With Men

Objective. To analyze sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with vulnerability to HIV according to sexual orientation. Method. This is a cross-sectional study conducted using data on 3,818 people in the city of Imperatriz, Brazil, during 2015 and 2016. The survey’s questionnaires addressed sociodemographic and behavioral variables. For the data analysis, association (chi-square test) and strength of association (odds ratio) were observed. A significance level of p<0.05 and adjustment for age and gender were taken into consideration. Results. A substantial portion of the sample stated they were heterosexual (88.8%). These individuals demonstrated a lower chance of HIV infection (p<0.001), sexually transmitted infections (p<0.001), alcohol use (p<0.001) and condom use (p<0.001), compared to men who have sex with men and/or bisexuals. In this group, after adjusting for confounding variables, the factors associated with HIV infection were being male (p<0.001), unmarried (p<0.001), having completed higher education (p<0.001) and boasting multiple sexual partners (p<0.001). Conclusion. Behavioral and sociodemographic factors of vulnerability to HIV are predominant among men who have sex with men and/or are bisexual.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly persons resident in the community

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Araujo de Almeida ◽  
Annelita Almeida Oliveira Reiners ◽  
Rosemeiry Capriata de Souza Azevedo ◽  
Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva ◽  
Joana Darc Chaves Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Objective: to verify the prevalence of and factors associated with polypharmacy among elderly residents of the city of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso. Method: a cross-sectional study of 573 people aged 60 and over was performed. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications. To investigate the association between polypharmacy and sociodemographic variables, health and access to medication, the Mantel Haenszel chi square test was used in bivariate analysis and Poisson regression was used in multivariate analysis. The significance level adopted was 5%. Result: the prevalence of polypharmacy was 10.30%. Statistically significant associations were found between polypharmacy and living with others, describing suffering from circulatory, endocrine, nutritional and digestive tract diseases, and referring to financial difficulties for the purchase of medicines. Conclusion: some social and health condition factors play an important role in the use of multiple medications among the elderly.

scholarly journals Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Among Postpartum Mothers at Two Rwandan Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Joella Mukashyaka ◽  
Rose Mukarubayiza ◽  
Rose Mukarubayiza ◽  
Emmanuel Habumugisha ◽  
Francois-Xavier Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Initiation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Background Breastfeeding in the first hour post birth can decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality. Disease prevention and health outcomes differ immensely between newborns who receive human milk and those who do not. Rwanda has high breastfeeding rates, though factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) are unknown. Objective To assess factors associated with EIBF among mothers in immediate postpartum units at two hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional study design and a convenience sample of 187 mothers were used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. A Chi-square test showed the relationship between EIBF and sociodemographic factors. Results The findings showed less than one quarter (20.5%) breastfed within the first hour after birth. The majority was < 25 years (52.4%), had some primary education (27.7%) employed (66.7%), urban dweller (58.1%), attendance of one ANC visit or more (81.3%), vaginal birth (58.8%), and did not receive EIBF health education (92.0%). The majority (78.5%) was too tired to initiate breastfeeding, and many supplemented (41.9%) due to perceived insufficient breastmilk. Conclusion Most mothers did not initiate breastfeeding within the first hour after birth. Sociodemographic factors were associated with EIBF. A program to promote, protect, and support EIBF is urgently needed the community. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):181-192

Risk Factors Associated with Probable Sleep Bruxism of Children and Teenagers with Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
TAE da Silva ◽  
AM Silva ◽  
ESL Alvarenga ◽  
BR Nogueira ◽  
RR Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Participants

Aim: To assess the association between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and other occlusal characteristics in children and teenagers with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Study design: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 148 participants (74 with CP and 74 without special needs) aged between 2 and 14 years old. Participants underwent an oral clinical examination to evaluate the occlusal characteristics. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to the typical sounds of PSB, sociodemographic factors and the presence of harmful oral habits in the study participants. Data analysis was carried out, using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and Odds Ratio (p&lt;0.05).Results: PSB and malocclusion (68.9% and 95.9%, respectively) were more prevalent in participants with CP than in participants without CP. The association between PSB and the presence of a wear facet was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001) in participants with CP. In this group, 64.8% of participants with PSB presented tooth wear. Conclusion: Presence of dental wear facets was significantly associated with PSB in individuals with cerebral palsy.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR PERILAKU ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS DINOYO KOTA MALANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Dinar Septi Pratiwi ◽  
Moch. Yunus ◽  
Rara Warih Gayatri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor perilaku orang tua dengan kejadian pneumonia balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional study, dengan sampel penderita pneumonia balita dan penderita bukan pneumonia/ISPA di wilayah Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi masing-masing sebanyak 30 sampel menggunakan perbandingan 1:1. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan non-probability sampling dengan pendekatan accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara menggunakan kuesioner kepada orang tua penderita. Sedangkan teknik analisa data menggunakan uji chi square test for association dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 atau (p < 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara kebiasaan merokok orang tua, kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah batuk/bersin, kebiasaan membuka jendela kamar tidur dan kebiasaan membuka jendela ruang tamu.Kata kunci: pneumonia, balita, faktor perilaku orang tua.ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the relationship between behavioral factors of parents with the incidence of pneumonia toddlers in Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang. This study used correlational method with cross sectional study design, with sample of pneumonia infants and non-pneumonia/ARI patients in Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang which fulfilled the inclusion criteria of 30 samples using 1: 1 ratio. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling with accidental sampling approach. Data collection was done by interview using questioner to the patient's parents. While technique of data analysis used chi square test for association with significance level 0,05 or (p <0,05). Based on the results of data analysis there is a significant correlation between parents' smoking habits, hand washing habit after coughing/sneezing, the habit of opening the bedroom window and the habit of opening the living room window. Keywords: pneumonia, toddlers, behavioral factors of parents

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Insomnia and Factors Associated with it Among the Elderly People of Sarangdanda VDC in Panchthar District

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Restorative Sleep

Insomnia is one of the major and unsolved problems in older people. Most of the sleep studies report that the different forms of insomnia like Difficulty Initiating Sleep (DIS), Difficulty Maintaining Sleep (DMS) and Non-Restorative Sleep (NRS) are common among the elderly that are associated to many factors. The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of insomnia and the factors associated to it among the elderly people. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 142 elderly people of and above 60 years of age in Sarangdanda VDC of Panchthar District of Eastern Nepal. The presence or absence of insomnia and the associated factors were assessed on them by the help of interview schedule. The results were analyzed using chi-square test in SPSS (version 11.5). DMS was the most common reported form of insomnia among the elderly followed by DIS and NRS. Association between insomnia and each of factors like use of tobacco before sleeping hours, eating too close to bedtime, use of tea/coffee before sleeping hours and use of alcohol before sleeping hours were statistically significant at 95% level of confidence. Insomnia affects a large proportion of elderly and is triggered by many factors like use of tobacco before sleeping hours, use of tea/coffee before sleeping hours, eating too close to bedtime and use of alcohol before sleeping hours. Keywords: Alcohol; tea/coffee; difficulty initiating sleep (DIS); difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS); non-restorative sleep (NRS); tobacco DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4517 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.129-142

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Inadequate Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2740
Author(s):  
Efrat L. Amitay ◽  
Tobias Niedermaier ◽  
Anton Gies ◽  
Michael Hoffmeister ◽  
Hermann Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Inadequate Bowel Preparation

The success of a colonoscopy in detecting and removing pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions depends heavily on the quality of bowel preparation. Despite efforts, 20–44% of colonoscopy participants have an inadequate bowel preparation. We aimed to assess and compare risk factors for inadequate bowel preparation and for the presence of advanced colorectal neoplasms in routine screening practice. In this cross-sectional study, among 8125 participants of screening colonoscopy in Germany with a comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and medical history, we examined factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation and with findings of advanced neoplasms using adjusted log-binomial regression models. Among the identified risk factors assessed, three factors were identified that were significantly associated with inadequate bowel preparation: age ≥ 70 years (adjusted prevalence ratios, aPR, 1.50 95%CI 1.31–1.71), smoking (aPR 1.29 95%CI 1.11–1.50) and abdominal symptoms (aPR 1.14 95%CI 1.02–1.27). The same risk factors were also associated with the prevalence of advanced neoplasms in our study (aPR 1.72, 1.62 and 1.44, respectively). The risk factors associated with inadequate bowel preparation in this study were also associated with a higher risk for advanced neoplasms. Inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy might lead to missed colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors and the late diagnosis of CRC. People at high risk of advanced neoplasms are in particular need of enhanced bowel preparation.

scholarly journals Exploration of COVID-19-Based Changes to Caregiver Burden and Caregiving Intensity among Informal Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 945-945
Author(s):  
Steven Cohen ◽  
Zachary Kunicki ◽  
Megan Drohan ◽  
Mary Greaney
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Abstract Individuals providing unpaid care of assistance to family members and friends (e.g. informal caregivers), may have been uniquely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Research is needed to examine the pandemic’s effect on informal caregivers’ caregiving intensity and burden. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to explore self-reported changes in caregiver intensity (CI) and caregiver burden (CB) due to the pandemic to identify factors associated with changes in responsibilities and burdens. In June 2020, informal caregivers providing care to someone aged 50+ (n=835) reported their current and pre-pandemic caregiving intensity and burden. Data were collected via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Chi-square tests were used to examine bivariate associations between pandemic time (pre vs. post) differences in CI and CB. Multinomial regression was used to assess multivariate predictors of changes to CI and CB due to COVID-19. Results showed a significant U-shaped association between initial CB and CB change due to COVID-19. Higher levels of initial CB were associated with both a significant decrease in CB during COVID-19 (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.06-1.67), and a significant increase in CB during COVID-19 (OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.05-1.43). There were no significant associations between initial CB and changes in CI due to COVID-19, although older caregivers were more likely to experience a decrease in CB due to caregiving (OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00-1.05). These mixed results suggest that caregivers with high initial CB experienced the most extreme changes to CB due to COVID-19. Future planned analyses will focus on understanding the potential drivers behind these unexpected results.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hyposalivation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Brazilian Subpopulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhiane Almeida Leite ◽  
Marcial Francis Galera ◽  
Mariano Martínez Espinosa ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Teles de Lima ◽  
Vander Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Population

Background.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory, multisystem, and autoimmune disease.Objective.The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of hyposalivation in SLE patients and evaluate factors associated.Methods.This is a cross-sectional study developed at the Cuiaba University General Hospital (UNIC-HGU), Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study population consisted of female SLE patients treated at this hospital from 06/2010 to 12/2012. Unstimulated salivary flow rates (SFRs) were measured. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed in all cases using a significance levelP<0.05.Results.The results showed that 79% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus suffered from hyposalivation and that the disease activity and age in years were the factors that resulted in statistically significant differences.Conclusion.The activity of the disease, age >27 years, and the drugs used were factors associated with hyposalivation, resulting in a statistically significant decrease in saliva production.

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