Study of the Relationship between Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Using 16SrRNA Sequencing

A lot of previous studies have recently reported that the gut microbiota influences the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Western countries, but the role of the gut microbiota in Chinese population must be investigated fully. The goal of this study was to determine the role of the gut microbiome in the initiation and development of CRC. We collected fecal samples of 206 Chinese individuals: 59 with polyp (group P), 54 with adenoma (group A), 51 with colorectal cancer (group CC), and 42 healthy controls (group HC).16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used to compare the microbiota community structures among healthy controls, patients with polyp, and those with adenoma or colorectal cancer. Our study proved that intestinal flora, as a specific indicator, showed significant differences in its diversity and composition. Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes of group CC were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group (CC group: Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes were 217.3 ± 69, 4265.1 ± 80.7, and 268.6 ± 78.1, respectively; HC group: Sobs, Chao, and Ace indexes were 228.8 ± 44.4, 272.9 ± 58.6, and 271.9 ± 57.2, respectively). When compared with the healthy individuals, the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in patients with colorectal cancer were significantly reduced: PCA and PCoA both revealed that a significant separation in bacterial community composition between the CC group and HC group (with PCA using the first two principal component scores of PC1 14.73% and PC2 10.34% of the explained variance, respectively; PCoA : PC1 = 14%, PC2 = 9%, PC3 = 6%). Wilcox tests was used to analyze differences between the two groups, it reveals that Firmicutes (P=0.000356), Fusobacteria (P=0.000001), Proteobacteria (P=0.000796), Spirochaetes (P=0.013421), Synergistetes (P=0.005642) were phyla with significantly different distributions between cases and controls. The proportion of microorganism composition is varying at different stages of colon cancer development: Bacteroidetes (52.14%) and Firmicutes (35.88%) were enriched in the healthy individuals; on the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes (52.14%-53.92%-52.46%–47.06%) and Firmicutes (35.88%-29.73%-24.27%–25.36%) is decreasing with the development of health-polyp-adenomas-CRC, and the abundance of Proteobacteria (9.33%-12.31%-16.51%–22.37%) is increasing. PCA and PCOA analysis showed there was no significant (P<0.05) difference in species similarity between precancerous and carcinogenic states. However, the composition of the microflora in patients with precancerous lesions (including patients with adenoma and polyp) was proved to have no significant disparity (P<0.05). Our study provides insights into new angles to dig out potential biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer and to provide scientific advice for a healthy lifestyle for the sake of gut microbiota.

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Reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids levels and the relationship with gut microbiota in IgA nephropathy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-373656/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lingxiong Chai ◽

Qun Luo ◽

Kedan Cai ◽

Kaiyue Wang ◽

Binbin Xu

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Caproic Acid ◽

Isobutyric Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Β Diversity

Abstract Background: IgA nephropathy(IgAN)) is the common pathological type of glomerular diseases. The role of gut microbiota in mediating "gut-IgA nephropathy" has not received sufficient attention in the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs), a metabolite of the intestinal microbiota, in patients with IgAN and its correlation with intestinal flora and clinical indicators, and to further investigate the role of the gut-renal axis in IgAN.Methods: There were 29 patients with IgAN and 29 normal control subjects recruited from January 2018 to May 2018. The fresh feces were collected. The fecal SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gut microbiota was analysed by16S rDNA sequences, followed by estimation of α- and β-diversity. Correlation analysis was performed using the spearman’s correlation test between SCFAs and gut microbiota. Results:The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and caproic acid in the IgAN patients were significantly reduced compared with control group(P<0.05). Butyric acid(r=-0.336, P=0.010) and isobutyric acid(r=-0.298, P=0.022) were negatively correlated with urea acid; butyric acid(r=-0.316, P=0.016) was negatively correlated with urea nitrogen; caproic acid(r=-0.415,P=0.025) showed negative correlation with 24-h urine protein level.Exemplified by the results of α-diversity and β-diversity, the intestinal flora of IgAN patients was significantly different from that of the control group. Acetic acid was positively associated with c_Clostridia(r=0.357, P=0.008), o_Clostridiales(r=0.357, P=0.008) and g_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group(r=0.283, P=0.036). Butyric acid was positively associated with g_Alistipes (r=0.278, P=0.040). The relative abundance of those were significantly decreased in IgAN group compared to control group.Conclusion: The levels of fecal SCFAs in the IgAN patients were reduced, and correlated with clinical parameters and gut microbiota, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN, and this finding may provide a new therapeutic approach.

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Reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids levels and the relationship with gut microbiota in IgA nephropathy

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02414-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lingxiong Chai ◽

Qun Luo ◽

Kedan Cai ◽

Kaiyue Wang ◽

Binbin Xu

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Caproic Acid ◽

Isobutyric Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Β Diversity

Abstract Background IgA nephropathy(IgAN)) is the common pathological type of glomerular diseases. The role of gut microbiota in mediating “gut-IgA nephropathy” has not received sufficient attention in the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs), a metabolite of the intestinal microbiota, in patients with IgAN and its correlation with intestinal flora and clinical indicators, and to further investigate the role of the gut-renal axis in IgAN. Methods There were 29 patients with IgAN and 29 normal control subjects recruited from January 2018 to May 2018. The fresh feces were collected. The fecal SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gut microbiota was analysed by16S rDNA sequences, followed by estimation of α- and β-diversity. Correlation analysis was performed using the spearman’s correlation test between SCFAs and gut microbiota. Results The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and caproic acid in the IgAN patients were significantly reduced compared with control group(P < 0.05). Butyric acid(r=-0.336, P = 0.010) and isobutyric acid(r=-0.298, P = 0.022) were negatively correlated with urea acid; butyric acid(r=-0.316, P = 0.016) was negatively correlated with urea nitrogen; caproic acid(r=-0.415,P = 0.025) showed negative correlation with 24-h urine protein level.Exemplified by the results of α-diversity and β-diversity, the intestinal flora of IgAN patients was significantly different from that of the control group. Acetic acid was positively associated with c_Clostridia(r = 0.357, P = 0.008), o_Clostridiales(r = 0.357, P = 0.008) and g_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group(r = 0.283, P = 0.036). Butyric acid was positively associated with g_Alistipes (r = 0.278, P = 0.040). The relative abundance of those were significantly decreased in IgAN group compared to control group. Conclusions The levels of fecal SCFAs in the IgAN patients were reduced, and correlated with clinical parameters and gut microbiota, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN, and this finding may provide a new therapeutic approach.

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Characterization of the Fecal Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients and Healthy Controls

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37119/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ningning Li ◽

Chunmei Bai ◽

Yuanzhi Guan ◽

Lin Zhao ◽

Yuping Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gastric Cancer ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽

Control Group ◽

Fecal Bacteria ◽

Healthy Controls

Abstract Background The incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal tumors are high in China. Some studies suggested that the gut microbiota is also related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, there are no prospective studies based on the correlation between gastrointestinal tumors and gut microbiota in the Chinese population. The objective of this report is to characterize the fecal microbiota in patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer and healthy controls. Methods Patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer were enrolled, and healthy people were included as controls. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the characteristics of fecal microbiota. PICRUSt software was used for functional prediction.Results Significant differences in the composition and abundance of fecal microbiota were identified between gastrointestinal cancer patients and healthy controls. The abundance of F. prausnitzii, C. clostridioforme, and B. adolescents in three different tumor groups was all significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). The abundance of R. gnavus, B. obeum, and R. faecis in the gastric and colorectal cancer groups was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). The abundance of Dorea in the gastric cancer group was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). B. fragilis, P. corpi, and E. coli were overabundant in the different tumor groups compared with the control (P<0.05). There were significant differences in functional metabolism and cell biological function between the tumor and control groups (P<0.05). The feces of cancer patients with more advanced staging had higher abundance of Prevotella and fewer Clostridium. Conclusions Patients with esophageal or gastric cancer had similar features of fecal bacteria as those with colorectal cancer. The metabolic function of fecal bacteria in the gastrointestinal cancer patients and the healthy controls were different.

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Colorectal Cancer Stage-Specific Fecal Bacterial Community Fingerprinting of the Taiwanese Population and Underpinning of Potential Taxonomic Biomarkers

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081548 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1548

Author(s):

Chuan-Yin Fang ◽

Jung-Sheng Chen ◽

Bing-Mu Hsu ◽

Bashir Hussain ◽

Jagat Rathod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Genus Level ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Cancer Group ◽

Healthy Control

Despite advances in the characterization of colorectal cancer (CRC), it still faces a poor prognosis. There is growing evidence that gut microbiota and their metabolites potentially contribute to the development of CRC. Thus, microbial dysbiosis and their metabolites associated with CRC, based on stool samples, may be used to advantage to provide an excellent opportunity to find possible biomarkers for the screening, early detection, prevention, and treatment of CRC. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing coupled with statistical analysis, this study analyzed the cause–effect shift of the microbial taxa and their metabolites that was associated with the fecal gut microbiota of 17 healthy controls, 21 polyps patients, and 21 cancer patients. The microbial taxonomic shift analysis revealed striking differences among the healthy control, polyps and cancer groups. At the phylum level, Synergistetes was reduced significantly in the polyps group compared to the healthy control and cancer group. Additionally, at the genus level and in association with the cancer group, a total of 12 genera were highly enriched in abundance. In contrast, only Oscillosprira was significantly higher in abundance in the healthy control group. Comparisons of the polyps and cancer groups showed a total of 18 significantly enriched genera. Among them, 78% of the genera associated with the cancer group were in higher abundance, whereas the remaining genera showed a higher abundance in the polyps group. Additionally, the comparison of healthy control and polyp groups showed six significantly abundant genera. More than 66% of these genera showed a reduced abundance in the polyps group than in healthy controls, whereas the remaining genera were highly abundant in the polyps group. Based on tumor presence and absence, the abundance of Olsenella and Lactobacillus at the genus level was significantly reduced in the patient group compared to healthy controls. The significant microbial function prediction revealed an increase in the abundance of metabolites in the polyps and cancer groups compared to healthy controls. A correlation analysis revealed a higher contribution of Dorea in the predicted functions. This study showed dysbiosis of gut microbiota at the taxonomic level and their metabolic functions among healthy subjects and in two stages of colorectal cancer, including adenoma and adenocarcinoma, which might serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of CRC.

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The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94481-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Shen ◽

Xiao Yang ◽

Gaofei Li ◽

Jiayu Gao ◽

Ying Liang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Maximum Dose ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Metabolic Functions

AbstractThe alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.

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Role of lung and gut microbiota on lung cancer pathogenesis

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1007/s00432-021-03644-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Zhao ◽

Yuxia Liu ◽

Shuang Li ◽

Zhaoyun Peng ◽

Xiantao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Cancer Pathogenesis ◽

Research Findings ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (Ferlay et al., Int J Cancer 136:E359–386, 2015). In addition, lung cancer is associated with the highest mortality among all cancer types (Wu et al., Exp Ther Med 16:3004–3010, 2018). Previous studies report that microbiota play an important role in lung cancer. Notably, changes in lung and gut microbiota, are associated with progression of lung cancer. Several studies report that lung and gut microbiome promote lung cancer initiation and development by modulating metabolic pathways, inhibiting the function of immune cells, and producing pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, some factors such as microbiota dysbiosis, affect production of bacteriotoxins, genotoxicity and virulence effect, therefore, they play a key role in cancer progression. These findings imply that lung and gut microbiome are potential markers and targets for lung cancer. However, the role of microbiota in development and progression of lung cancer has not been fully explored. Purpose The aim of this study was to systemically review recent research findings on relationship of lung and gut microbiota with lung cancer. In addition, we explored gut–lung axis and potential mechanisms of lung and gut microbiota in modulating lung cancer progression. Conclusion Pulmonary and intestinal flora influence the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer, and will provide novel strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.

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Lupus Gut Microbiota Transplants Cause Autoimmunity and Inflammation

10.1101/2021.08.15.456375 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yiyangzi Ma ◽

Ruru Guo ◽

Yiduo Sun ◽

Xin Li ◽

Lun He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Germ Free ◽

Autoimmune Antibodies ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Rdna Sequencing

Background: The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial. Recently, growing evidence suggests that the microbiota plays a role in SLE, yet whether gut microbiota participates in the development of SLE remains largely unknown. To investigate this issue, we carried out 16s rDNA sequencing analyses in a cohort of 18 female un-treated active SLE patients and 7 female healthy controls, and performed fecal microbiota transplantation from patients and healthy controls to germ-free mice. Results: Compared to the healthy controls, we found no significant different microbial diversity but some significantly different species in SLE patients including Turicibacter genus and other 5 species. Fecal transfer from SLE patients to germ free (GF) C57BL/6 mice caused GF mice to develop a series of lupus-like phenotyptic features, which including an increased serum autoimmune antibodies, and imbalanced cytokines, altered distribution of immune cells in mucosal and peripheral immune response, and upregulated expression of genes related to SLE in recipient mice that received SLE fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Moreover, the metabolism of histidine was significantly altered in GF mice treated with SLE patient feces, as compared to those which received healthy fecal transplants. Conclusions: Overall, our results describe a causal role of aberrant gut microbiota in contributing to the pathogenesis of SLE. The interplay of gut microbial and histidine metabolism may be one of the mechanisms intertwined with autoimmune activation in SLE.

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INVESTIGATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS POPULATION IN PATIENTS WITH POLYP AND COLORECTAL CANCER IN COMPARISON OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 141-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maryam GERAVAND ◽

Parviz FALLAH ◽

Mojtaba Hedayat YAGHOOBI ◽

Fatemeh SOLEIMANIFAR ◽

Malihe FARID ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Copy Number ◽

Healthy People ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Faecal Flora ◽

Copy Numbers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the world. One of the factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer is the changes in the normal flora of the intestine. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in people with polyps and people with colorectal cancer has been evaluated in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS: In this study, 25 patients with colorectal cancer and 28 patients with intestinal polyps were selected and stool specimens were taken. In addition, 24 healthy individuals were selected as control group. Extraction of bacterial DNA from the stool sample were performed. The molecular methods of PCR for confirmation of standard strain and absolute Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) method were used to evaluate the number of Enterococcus faecalis in the studied groups. RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in patients with colorectal cancer was 11.2x109 per gram of stool, and in patients with polyps was 9.4x108 per gram of stool. In healthy people, this number was 9x108 per gram of stool. There was a significant difference between the implicit copy numbers in the three groups. (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Enterococcus faecalis in faecal flora of people with colorectal cancer was significantly higher than those with polyps and healthy people. This could potentially signify the ability of this bacterium to induce colorectal cancer. More studies are needed to prove this theory.

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P1823THE ROLE OF FGF-23 IN CKD PROGRESSION IN CHILDREN

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Altynay Balmukhanova ◽

Kairat Kabulbayev ◽

Assiya Kanatbayeva ◽

Harika Alpay ◽

Aigul Balmukhanova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Ckd Progression ◽

Average Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fgf 23

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a global medical and public health issue. CKD takes a special place among non-infectious diseases because of its prevalence (6-20% according to different surveys and studies) and is associated with a poor life quality, complications and high risk of mortality. In recent years, there have been new biomarkers requiring more research in this area. One of these biomarkers is Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) which is found as a bone derived hormone and might be a predictor of progression. However, the role of FGF-23 in CKD progression in children has not been adequately studied, especially on the early stages. Nowadays, the study of FGF-23 in children and the question of the clinical importance of this marker are relevant. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish the role of FGF-23 in CKD progression in children. Method A prospective study was conducted on 73 children with different stages of CKD and 14 healthy individuals (control group) matched by age and gender. There were approximately equal numbers of patients in study groups. An average age was 9.61±1.05 years. Exclusion criteria: active inflammatory, bone, infectious, oncological, immunological diseases, taking steroids and vitamin D supplements. Laboratory measurements included all common clinical and biochemical indicators. Serum concentration of intact FGF-23 was assessed by using the ELISA method (Biomedica Medizinprodukte GmbH, Austria). Statistical analysis was conducted in MS Excel 2016 and SPSS 18.0. Results The normal range of FGF-23 for this kit was 0.1-1.5 pmol/l. The average value of FGF-23 in the control group was 0.69±0.12 pmol/l. Further studies in the groups with different stages of CKD revealed that FGF-23 concentration gradually rose in parallel with stages of CKD, and it reached the maximum on the last stage. It should be noticed that the level of FGF-23 concentration on the first stage of CKD was normal (0.73±0.14 pmol/l) and the comparison with healthy individuals revealed no significant differences. What is remarkable, despite the fact that the average value of the second stage patients was normal (1.36±0.2 pmol/l), there was a statistically significant difference with the control group (p=0.008). The levels of FGF-23 on the next stages were 2.52±0.52 pmol/l, 5.42±1.61 pmol/l, and 12.16±1.55 pmol/l, respectively. The differences were considerable and proved by statistical analysis (p<0.01). Conclusion Our study showed that there is an upward trend of FGF-23 as CKD progresses from early to advanced stages. The results on the second and third stages indicate that FGF-23 should be considered as one of early biomarkers of CKD progression in children. Thus, there is a need for more studies in this area.

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Distinct effects of over-general autobiographical memory on suicidal ideation among depressed and healthy people

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wen Jiang ◽

Guangtao Hu ◽

Jingxuan Zhang ◽

Ken Chen ◽

Dongni Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Childhood Trauma ◽

Study Data ◽

Path Model ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Healthy Control

Abstract Background Childhood trauma and over-general autobiographical memory (OGM) are crucial risk factors of suicide. This study aimed to investigate whether suicidal ideation was predicted by one’s childhood trauma and OGM and the mechanism of OGM underlying suicidal ideation in depression patients and healthy controls. Methods A total of 180 depression patients and 176 matched healthy individuals were recruited in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was obtained. Path analysis was conducted to test a meditational model. The multigroup comparison was applied to find differences between groups. Results Significant differences were detected between depression patients and healthy controls with respect to childhood trauma, OGM, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior. OGM was positively correlated with both current and worst-point suicidal ideation in the depression group and significantly correlated with worst-point suicidal ideation in the healthy control group. The path model showed that childhood trauma had a direct impact on the current suicidal ideation directly, and an indirect influence through OGM and worst-point suicidal ideation. Multigroup analysis further demonstrated that OGM affected and mediated the current suicidal ideation due to childhood trauma in depression patients, whereas only worst-point suicidal ideation was affected in healthy controls. Conclusions The OGM mediates suicidal ideation in depression patients, but only affects the worst-point suicidal ideation in the healthy controls. As it is one of the major risk factors of suicidal ideation in depression, amelioration of OGM might be an useful method to reduce or prevent suicidal ideation in depression patients.

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