scholarly journals Nutrient Release Pattern and Greenhouse-Grown Swiss Chard Response to Biochar Inoculated with Vermicast

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lord Abbey ◽  
Jinsheng Cai ◽  
Lokanadha R. Gunupuru ◽  
Mercy Ijenyo ◽  
Ebenezer O. Esan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

A study was performed to assess nutrient release from biochar inoculated with solid vermicast (SVB), vermicast tea (VTB), deionized water (DWB), uninoculated biochar (Bioc), and Promix-BX (Pro-BX). The growth response of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) cv. Rhubarb chard was also assessed. Comparatively, nutrients were released slowly from treatments SVB and VTB compared to the other treatments. The rate of nutrient release determined by total dissolved solids and electric conductivity from the Pro-BX was the highest. The trend for the plant growth components, total leaf surface area and leaf fresh weight at first harvest, was Pro-BX > Bioc > DWB = SVB > VTB. The only treatment that increased total leaf area and leaf fresh weight at the second harvest by approximately 1.02- and 1.88-fold was VTB. Leaf fresh weight was significantly reduced by approximately 0.33-fold for DWB, 0.28-fold for Bioc, and 0.70-fold for Pro-BX but was not altered by SVB at the second harvest as compared to the first harvest. A 2-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) biplot confirmed that treatment Pro-BX increased plant growth components at the first harvest only. The locations of SVB and VTB on the PCA biplot confirmed their efficacies, which led to increases in the plant growth components at the second harvest. Overall, the VTB adsorbed more nutrients onto its surface that were slowly released to enhance the Swiss chard cv. Rhubarb chard plant growth at the second harvest. Further studies should consider microbial activities.

Aryl esters of indolebutyric acid increase root regeneration in 3-0 red oak seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Root Regeneration ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Dormant 3-0 red oak seedlings (Quercusrubra L.) were given a 3-s basal dip in 20 mM solutions of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), the potassium salt of IBA (K-IBA), N-phenyl indolyl-3-butyramide (NP-IBA), phenyl indole-3-thiolobutyrate (P-ITB), or phenyl indolyl-3-butyrate (P-IBA). Seedlings dipped in water or 95% ethanol served as controls. Fifty-six days after treatment, seedlings treated with NP-IBA and P-ITB regenerated up to 3 times more roots (48.7 and 40.0 roots, respectively) than did ethanol-treated control seedlings, which regenerated 14.3 roots. Seedlings treated with P-IBA regenerated 26 roots per seedling. Seedlings treated with NP-IBA and P-ITB had smaller leaves than IBA- and K-IBA treated seedlings. NP-IBA treated seedlings had more leaves than IBA- or K-IBA treated seedlings (155.3 vs. 59 and 53.3, respectively), but had similar leaf surface area. P-ITB-treated seedlings had similar numbers of leaves as IBA- and K-IBA-treated seedlings, but leaves were smaller in size, resulting in less total leaf area. P-IBA-treated seedlings had the greatest total leaf surface area, 1509 cm2; water- and ethanol-treated seedlings had total leaf surface areas of 1271 and 866 cm2, repectively.

THE INFLUENCE OF ANTIGIBBERELIN PREPARATIONS ON THE ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF SOYBEAN PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
O. A. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitors

The specificity of the action of antigibberelin drugs is that they can influence the processes and intensity that cannot be corrected by agronomic measures of cultivation. The purpose of the work was to scientifically substantiate the use of plant growth inhibitors with an antigibberelin type of action as an element of soybean cultivation technology, to identify their effect on growth, development and productivity. The research was carried out on a soybean plants of the Triada variety. At a height of shoots 10-15 cm plants were treated with aqueous solutions: 0.5% tebuconazole, 0.2% ethephon and 0.5% chlormequat chloride until complete wetting of the leaves. Control plants were treated with water. During the research, morphological parameters, leaf surface area, and organ mass were defined. It was established that the use of plant growth inhibitors with an antigibberelinic mechanism of action (the ethylene producer esfone (0,2 %), the triazole-derived retardant tebuconazole (0,5 %) and the onium preparation chlormequat chloride (0,5 %) on soybean plants led to morphological and anatomical changes: decreasing of the mass of leaves and stem, increasing the thickness of the stem and root collar. The preparations reduced the length of internodes of soybean plants,, that created the preconditions for plant resistance to lodging. Plant growth inhibitors had different effects on the leaf surface area of soybean plants: there was an increase in this indicator by 24% for the use of chlormequat chloride, and processing with esfon and tebuconazole led to a decrease of 26% and 23% accordingly. Different effects of retardants were found on the length of the main root. Under the action of esfon the length of the main root decreased by 20%; the application of both chlormequatchloride and tebuconazole, this indication increased accordingly by 43% and 37%. The question of studying the influence of modern plant growth regulators with a different mechanism of action on the productivity of different varieties of legumes remains relevant

Germination, Growth, Development, and Control of Camphorweed(Heterotheca subaxillaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Awang ◽  
T. J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Heterotheca Subaxillaris ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
And Control

Germination studies on camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris(Lam.) Britt. & Rusby] revealed that freshly harvested disk achenes germinated best at 17.5 C (88%) while ray achenes were dormant. Camphorweed seed from disk achenes also germinated at temperatures as low as 3 C. Seedlings grown under long-day conditions at 23 C day and 8 C night temperatures for 144 days elongated at the rate of 0.18 cm/day. Plants grown under short-day conditions at the same temperature regime elongated at the rate of 0.06 cm/day. Total leaf surface area, fresh weight, and dry weight of shoots of plants grown under long days were at least 1.5 times greater than plants grown under short day conditions. Camphorweed, regardless of size and age, survived a 2-h exposure at −5 C. All plants in the rosette stage survived at −15 C in the freezer and an overnight temperature of −11.7 C in the field, whereas larger plants were killed at these temperatures. Stage of growth was an important factor in the herbicidal control of camphorweed. Plants in the rosette stage were generally more susceptible to herbicides than older plants. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 3.4 kg/ha, paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bypyridinium ion) at 0.6 kg/ha, methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] at 5.0 kg/ha, and a formulated mix of diuron [3–3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] and terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at 4.5 kg/ha provided adequate control of camphorweed in the rosette stage. Asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) at 2.2 or 4.5 kg/ha applied alone did not control camphorweed in the rosette form but was more effective on older plants. Various combinations of these herbicides were generally effective at both stages of growth.

scholarly journals Influence of various phytohormones on the growth and development of the Solnechny potato variety in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
O.O. Novikov ◽  
M.S. Romanova ◽  
N.I. Leonov ◽  
E.I. Kosinova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Potato Variety ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

In the work, the study of six different nutrient medium compositions’ influence on the growth and development of a healthy Solnechny potato variety in the growing process in laboratory conditions in vitro was carried out. The influence of different nutrient medium compositions on plant height, number of leaves/internodes, plant weight and total leaf surface area was studied. It was revealed that nutrient media with BAP addition cause a decrease in all of the above indicators. In addition, nutrient media with this growth regulator lead to the appearance of microtubers on the plants. It has been shown that the inclusion of GA and IAA growth regulators in nutrient media leads to a slight increase in the number of internodes. An increase in the total leaf surface area was noted in the above options. It should be noted that the nutrient medium options with the addition of GA and IAA led to a decrease in the mass and length of the root system of Solnechnyi variety potato plants.

scholarly journals Response of Lotus (Nelumbo sp.) to Container Soil Volume

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Daike Tian ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
Fenny Dane ◽  
Floyd M. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Volume ◽  
Soil Level

Abstract The effect of soil volume on containerized lotus (Nelumbo) production has been underreported. American lotus (Nelumbo lutea Willd.) and three cultivars (‘Embolene’, ‘98 Seed’ and ‘Karizma’) of Asian lotus (N. nucifera Gaertn.) were investigated for growth response to container soil volume in this study. Electrical conductivity, pH, plant growth indices, and plant nutritional content were influenced by container soil volume. Differences in some plant growth indices were significant between treatments with ½ and higher (½ and ¾) container height soil (CHS) in 21 or 29 liter (#5 or #7) containers. However, plant growth indices were generally not different between treatments with ½ and ¾ CHS. Lotus planted in containers with ¼ CHS usually produced the greatest plant height and underground fresh weight, while the largest number of propagules often occurred in containers with ½ or ¾ CHS. The highest number of emerging leaves was observed in plants with ¼ or ½ CHS treatments, with no significant difference in emerging leaf number between lotus grown in containers with ½ and ¾ CHS. Flower number generally decreased as soil level increased. The ¼ and ½ CHS were more efficient than ¾ CHS for lotus production in containers.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilizers, Salinity, and Medium on Growth of Phalaenopsis Orchid

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 764C-764
Author(s):  
Yin-Tung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
O 10 ◽  
Receiving Water

Seedling Phalaenopsis (P. Taisuco Eagle × P. Taisuco Rose) plants with an 8- to 10-cm leaf span were grown in 10-cm pots filled with a medium consisting of 70% fine fir bark and 30% peatmoss (by volume). Plants were given (in N–P2O5–K2O) 10–30–20, 15–10–30, 15–20–25, 20–5–19, 20–10–20, or 20–20–20 fertilizers at the 100 or 200 mg N/liter rate. Pots were leached with water following every two fertigations. After 7 months, leaf span, leaf size, total leaf area, and fresh weight were not affected by fertilizer type. The differences in leaf numbers were small. The higher rate of fertilizer resulted in plants with wider leaf span (32.8 vs. 28.5 cm), more (5.5 vs. 4.8), larger (103 vs. 89 cm2) leaves, and greater total leaf area (355 vs. 275 cm2) than did the lower rate. In another experiment, similar plants with a leaf span of 15 to 18 cm were grown in 10-cm pots with 100% fine fir bark or a mixture of 80% fine fir bark and 20% peatmoss. They were fertigated with water having an EC - 0.05, 0.40, 0.75, 1.10, or 1.40 dS·m–1 containing 1 g·liter–1 20–20–20 fertilizer three times and then drenched with their respective water containing 0.6 g·liter–1 Ca NO3)2·4H2O. After 11 months, water salinity did not affect the date of spiking. Plants receiving water with EC = 1.10 dS·m–1 had more leaves and spikes than other treatments. Plants in the bark/peatmoss mix began spiking earlier, had more leaves (6.7 vs. 5.7), and more inflorescences (1.9 vs. 1.5) than those in 100% bark. There was no salinity x medium interaction in all the parameters recorded.

The effect of seedling age, depth of planting and fertilizer placement on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

1. Early transplanting of seedlings resulted in the production of rice plants with greater total tiller and leaf number, greater total leaf area, leaf area per shoot and per leaf lamina, greater height, greater total fresh weight yield and yield of grain than late transplanting.2. Early transplanting reduced the number of days from seeding to ear emergence.3. Deep transplanting favoured greater leaf area per shoot and per leaf lamina and greater maximum tiller number and reduced the percentage tiller mortality.4. Deep placement of fertilizer resulted in the production of plants with greater tiller and total leaf numbers, greater height, greater total leaf area, leaf area per shoot and per leaf lamina and greater total fresh weight and grain dry weight than surface placement.5. Deep placement of fertilizer hastened the time of ear emergence of late transplanted seedlings.6. The practical significance of these findings is that early transplanting of seedlings (30 days old), shallow transplanting, and deep placement of fertilizer will lead to greater yield of the rice variety BG 79.

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SINGLE-SPECIES AND COMPATIBLE CROPS OF SUGAR SORGHUM WITH SOYBEANS

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Vasyl Lipovy ◽  
Oksana Shevchuk ◽  
Oleg Knyazyuk
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of research to assess the impact of technological methods on the productivity of single and compatible crops of sugar sorghum with soybeans, and in particular the methods of sowing and fertilizing. The main organ of the plant that absorbs the most solar energy and has the highest intensity of photosynthesis is the leaf. The use of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the total leaf surface. During years of the research with the study methods of sowing and the timing for determination of total leaf surface in areas under mineral fertilizers were applied, it was greater than in areas without fertilizers. Thus, on average for 2018-2019 in the phase of ejection of panicles in areas where sugar sorghum was sown together with soybeans according to the scheme one row of sorghum + one row of soybeans under applying N120P90K120 leaf surface was 30.1 thousand m2/ha, and in areas without fertilizers - 21.0 thousand m2/ha It was found that the largest area of assimilation surface of leaves on average for two years (41.3 thousand m2 / ha) was in the phase of milk ripeness of grain under sowing two rows of sorghum + one row of soybeans and N120P90K120 consumption. For the efficient use of solar energy is important not only the size of the leaf surface area but also the duration of its active work. Photosynthetic potential is used as an indicator for characterizing of the photosynthetic work of crops during the growing season. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential of sorghum plants on average for two years of research (2018-2019) was obtained at the end of the growing season (2.81 million m2 days/ha) in areas where it was sown together with soybeans in the method of sowing two rows of sorghum + one-row soybeans and under application of N120P90K120 doses. Keywords: Leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, sugar sorghum, method of sowing, fertilizer.

scholarly journals Air and Soil Temperatures and Fertilizer Level Affect Growth and Quality of Epipremnum aureum Bunt.

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
C.A. Conover ◽  
R.T. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Epipremnum Aureum ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Abstract Three minimum air temperatures (AT), 15.5°, 18.5°, and 21°C (60°, 65°, and 70°F), four constant soil temperatures (ST), 15.5°, 21°, 26.5°, and 32°C (60°, 70°, 80°, and 90°F), and three fertilizer rates (FR) 2.5, 4.2, and 5.9 g 19N-2.6P-10K (0.09, 0.15, and 0.21 oz 19-6-12) Osmocote/15 cm (6 in) pot/3 months were utilized on Epipremnum aureum ‘Golden Pothos’ during November–April in 1983–84, 1984–85, and 1985–86. Data collected included plant grade, leaf color grade, top fresh weight, root fresh weight and leaf surface area. Analyzed data were similar for all three experiments with AT × ST interactions significant for 4 of 5 measurements in 1984 and 1985 and for all 5 measurements in 1986. In general, as fertilizer rate increased, all measurements increased linearly with only root fresh weight not increasing significantly. Results from the 1986 experiment are used for discussion.

scholarly journals Leonardite and Fertilizer Levels Influence Tomato Seedling Growth

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Pertuit ◽  
Jerry B. Dudley ◽  
Joe E. Toler
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Tomato Seedling ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Complete Fertilizer

New Mexico-mined raw leonardite was characterized by comparing it with the International Humic Substances Society's Standard Leonardite. In the first experiment, adding as little as 1/64 leonardite (v/v) to a sand medium increased tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill. `Mountain Pride'] root and shoot growth compared with plants produced with fertilizer alone. Growth increased linearly with increasing leonardite levels, from 0% to 25%; however, 50% leonardite inhibited growth. In a second experiment, leonardite alone had no effect on plant height, shoot or root fresh and dry weight, or total leaf area, but stimulated growth when combined with a complete fertilizer. Adding 1/3 leonardite (v/v) (the highest level) and a complete fertilizer increased plant height 40%, total leaf area 160%, shoot fresh weight 134%, root fresh weight 82%, shoot dry weight 133%, and root dry weight 400%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document