scholarly journals Study and Simulation Analysis of Vehicle Rear-End Collision Model considering Driver Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Luo ◽  
Xinqiang Chen ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Xiaodong Zang ◽  
Junheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Theory ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Safety Distance ◽  
Traffic Regulation

The reasonable distance between adjacent cars is very crucial for roadway traffic safety. For different types of drivers or different driving environments, the required safety distance is different. However, most of the existing rear-end collision models do not fully consider the subjective factor such as the driver. Firstly, the factors affecting driving drivers’ characteristics, such as driver age, gender, and driving experience are analyzed. Then, on the basis of this, drivers are classified according to reaction time. Secondly, three main factors affecting driving safety are analyzed by using fuzzy theory, and the new calculation method of the reaction time is obtained. Finally, the improved car-following safety model is established based on different reaction time. The experimental results have shown that our proposed model obtained more accurate vehicle safety distance with varied traffic kinematic conditions (i.e., different traffic states, varied driver types, etc.). The findings can help traffic regulation departments issue early warnings to avoid potential traffic accidents on roads.

scholarly journals Estimation of Crash Severity on Mountainous Freeways in Chongqing

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accident Severity ◽  
Partial Proportional Odds Model ◽  
The Times

Mountainous freeways always suffer from accidents due to special terrain, weather conditions, driving environment, and so on. Based on the records of 898 accidents that occurred on mountainous freeways in Chongqing during the past 6 years, the partial proportional odds model is used to identify the factors affecting the accident severity. The time of the accident, season, involvement of trucks, accident characteristics, speeding, maximum driving experience of involved drivers, and weather and road conditions are found to be important for the levels of accident severity. Zero to 6 a.m. and 19 to 24 p.m. are the times prone to serious traffic accidents. The probability of serious traffic accidents in summer and autumn is greater than that in spring and winter. Once a truck is involved in an accident, the consequence is often more severe. Turnover and speeding will result in a grave accident. When there is an experienced driver, the probability of serious traffic accidents is low. The fog is extremely unfavorable weather conditions. The probability of serious accident happening in the downgrade, ramp, curve, bridge, and tunnel sections is greater than the others. The results aim to provide valuable reference for traffic safety on mountainous freeways.

scholarly journals Insights into Factors Affecting Traffic Accident Severity of Novice and Experienced Drivers: A Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12725
Author(s):  
Shuaiming Chen ◽  
Haipeng Shao ◽  
Ximing Ji
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Fatal Accident ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Accident Severity

Traffic accidents have significant financial and social impacts. Reducing the losses caused by traffic accidents has always been one of the most important issues. This paper presents an effort to investigate the factors affecting the accident severity of drivers with different driving experience. Special focus was placed on the combined effect of driving experience and age. Based on our dataset (traffic accidents that occurred between 2005 and 2021 in Shaanxi, China), CatBoost model was applied to deal with categorical feature, and SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) model was used to interpret the output. Results show that accident cause, age, visibility, light condition, season, road alignment, and terrain are the key factors affecting accident severity for both novice and experienced drivers. Age has the opposite impact on fatal accident for novice and experienced drivers. Novice drivers younger than 30 or older than 55 are prone to suffer fatal accident, but for experienced drivers, the risk of fatal accident decreases when they are young and increases when they are old. These findings fill the research gap of the combined effect of driving experience and age on accident severity. Meanwhile, it can provide useful insights for practitioners to improve traffic safety for novice and experienced drivers.

scholarly journals What Affects the E-Bicycle Speed Perception in the Era of Eco-Sustainable Mobility: A Driving Simulator Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5252
Author(s):  
Sreten Simović ◽  
Tijana Ivanišević ◽  
Aleksandar Trifunović ◽  
Svetlana Čičević ◽  
Dragan Taranović
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Speed Perception ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
H 20

The increase in the number of electric bicycles worldwide has resulted in a rise in the number of traffic accidents involving e-bicyclists. Previous studies have been based on analyzing the use, advantages and disadvantages of e-bicycles, whereas only a small number of studies have been focused on analyzing the e-bicycle traffic safety, particularly the factors leading to the occurrence of traffic accidents. One of the factors affecting the occurrence of traffic accidents is the incorrect perception of the e-bicycle speed by other traffic participants. To examine the mentioned problem, the authors of this paper conducted an experimental study to determine what affects the e-bicycle speed perception. The experiment included 175 participants, aged 18 to 50. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions using a driving simulator, at different e-bicycle speeds (10 km/h, 20 km/h and 30 km/h), in the situations in which the e-bicyclist was (not) using a reflective vest. The results show statistically significant differences in the e-bicycle speed perception when the e-bicyclist does not use/uses a reflective vest. Besides, the driving licence categories of traffic participants and their driving experience also have a significant impact on the perception of the e-bicycle speed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Picking Up Primary School Pupils on Surrounding Street’s Traffic: A Case Study in Hanoi

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Dinh Hiep ◽  
Vu V. Huy ◽  
Teppei Kato ◽  
Aya Kojima ◽  
Hisashi Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: One of the significant characteristics of schools in Vietnam is that almost all parents send their children to school and/or pick up their children from school using private vehicles (motorcycles). The parents usually stop and park their vehicle on streets outside the school gates, which can lead to serious congestion and increases the likelihood of traffic accidents. Methods: The objective of this study is to find out factors affecting the picking up of pupils at primary school by evaluating the typical primary schools in Hanoi city. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors that influence the decision of picking up pupils and the waiting duration of parents. The behavior of motorcyclists during the process of picking up pupils at the primary school gate has been identified and analyzed in detail by the Kinovea software. Results and Discussion: The study showed that, on the way back home, almost all parents use motorbikes (89.15%) to pick up their children. During their waiting time (8.48 minutes in average), they made a lot of illegal parking actions on the street there by, causing a lot of “cognitive” errors and “crash” points surrounding in front of the primary school entrance gate. Risky picking-up behaviors were significantly observed, i.e. picking-up on opposite side of the school, making a U-turn, backing-up dangerously, parking on the middle of street, and parking on the street next to sidewalk). Conclusion: Based on the analyzed results, several traffic management measures have been suggested to enhance traffic safety and reduce traffic congestion in front of school gates. In addition, the results of the study will provide a useful reference for policymakers and authorities.

scholarly journals Level of neurotic disorders among drivers causing traffic accidents

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Predrag Djuric ◽  
Danka Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Neurotic Disorder ◽  
Neurotic Disorders

Different aspects of driver personality may affect traffic safety. Extended driver reaction time causes deceleration of the reflexes, which is a major cause of traffic accidents. Cornell index was used in 30 drivers responsible for traffic accidents, with the aim to measure their level of neurotic disorder and compare them with results of controls (drivers not responsible for traffic accidents). Reaction time was measured and compared among subjects with normal results of Cornell test and those with pathological findings. Drivers causing traffic accidents showed significantly higher Cornell index scores than drivers not responsible for traffic accidents. Drivers with pathological results of Cornell index showed a significantly longer reaction time.

Driving Reaction Time Versus Computerized Reaction Time Deficits Following Concussion: Implications for Return to Driving Recommendations

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (20 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S5.1-S5
Author(s):  
Landon Bryce Lempke ◽  
Robert Lynall ◽  
Nicole Hoffman ◽  
Hannes Devos ◽  
Julianne Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
And Control

ObjectiveTo compare simulated driving reaction time (RT) between concussed and control individuals and examine Driving-RTs relationship with computerized neurocognitive testing RT (CNT-RT).BackgroundConcussed patients have impaired RT and neurocognition following injury that may linger and impair driving performance. Limited research has used direct methods to assess driving-RT post-concussion.Design/MethodsWe employed a cross-sectional laboratory study among 14 concussed and 14 healthy age, sex, and driving experience-matched controls (female: 60%; Age: 20.3 ± 1.1 years). Participants completed driving-RT and CNT-RT (CNS Vital Signs) within 48 hours of asymptomatic (15.9 ± 9.8 days post-concussion). Driving-RT consisted of two simulated driving scenarios: Stoplight (green to yellow stoplight change) and Pedestrian (child running in front of vehicle). CNT-RT outcomes included: simple-, complex-, Stroop-, and composite-RT. Independent t-tests and Hedges' g effect sizes assessed between-group RT differences (seconds), and Pearson correlation coefficients examined relationships between driving-RT and CNT-RT (a = 0.05) outcomes.ResultsConcussed participants demonstrated slower complex-RT than controls (mean difference: 0.06 s; 95% CI: 0.11–0.01; p = 0.03; g = 0.86). No other driving- or CNT-RT outcomes were statistically significant (p = 0.06), but Stoplight- (p = 0.13; g = 0.61) and Pedestrian-RT (p = 0.40; g = 0.36) demonstrated low-to high-magnitude effects for concussed deficits. Complex-, Stroop-, and composite-RT moderately correlated with Stoplight-RT (p 0.05; r range: −0.19 to 0.05).ConclusionsPost-concussion driving- and CNT-RT outcomes overall normalized once asymptomatic, but complex-RT and large magnitude effects may indicate lingering deficits. Driving- and CNT-RT measures moderately correlated with each other, but a lack of strong correlation likely indicates driving responsiveness is not thoroughly assessed using traditional CNT post-concussion, which may have vital driving safety implications.

Suggestive Sound Design - How to use Active Interior Sound Design to improve traffic safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1561-1573
Author(s):  
Manuel Petersen ◽  
Marc Etri ◽  
Matthias Behrendt ◽  
Albert Albers ◽  
Manuel Spekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Sound Design ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Safety Distance ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
External Signals

Active sound design becomes an important addition to the newest generation of premium class electrical vehicles to enhance the emotionality of the driving experience. Musicological research indicates that emotions are altered by certain harmonic sets of pitches, whereas results in traffic psychology show that emotions can influence the driving behavior. Despite these findings, there is no research done on how changes to an active vehicle sound could influence the driving behavior. In this paper, we describe an approach for a suggestive sound design. It's based on the hypothesis, that the chosen safety distance by a driver could be altered by changing the inherent dissonance of an active interior vehicle sound based on the current safety distance. The suggestive sound design is based on an additive synthesizer utilizing the Shepard-Risset glissando. The sound can be controlled by external signals e.g. CAN signals from real or virtual vehicles. To verify this hypothesis, a driving simulator was built in which the driving experience with a suggestive sound and the resulting driving behavior can be validated through subject studies within an immersive and reproducible virtual reality environment. The research aims at improving road safety by influencing the driver through changes in the interior vehicle sound.

Factors Affecting Traffic Accidents on Online Transportation Riders in Ambon City

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Hadijah Tuasikal ◽  
Yahya Thamrin ◽  
Aminuddin Syam ◽  
Furqaan Naiem ◽  
Masyitha Muis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Motorcycle Taxi

Based on the Global Status Report on Road Safety (GSRS) released by WHO (2018), it was reported that every 24 seconds there is one life lost and every year 1.35 million victims die due to traffic accidents. Work accidents can happen to anyone, including online motorcycle taxi drivers. This study aims to determine the effect of the variable causing traffic accidents on online motorcycle taxi drivers in Ambon City. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional design, with a sample size of 96 people. Data obtained by conducting interviews using a questionnaire. Bivariate analysis using the chi square test, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression tests. The results of this study indicate that the variables that affect the incidence of traffic accidents in online motorcycle taxi drivers in Ambon City are fatigue (p = 0.003), behavior (p = 0.000), and workload (p = 0.001). ) do not have a significant relationship with the incidence of traffic accidents. The most dominant influencing variable is driving behavior with the value of Exp. (Β) = 5,340. It is hoped that online motorcycle taxi drivers in Ambon City can prioritize driving safety with good driving behavior and for related agencies to provide socialization about safety riding and periodic vehicle worthiness checks.

scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF THE DEFORMATION STATE OF THE DOUBLE-WAVE GUARDRAIL MOUNTED ON BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS OF THE MOTOR ROADS IN LITHUANIA AND UKRAINE

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Jurijus Tretjakovas ◽  
Audrius Švedas ◽  
Andrii Bieliatynskyi ◽  
Alfonsas Daniunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Traffic Regulation ◽  
Deformation State ◽  
High Road ◽  
Very High

Traffic safety mainly depends on vehicles, pedestrians and road infrastructure. On highways, the heaviest traffic accidents are associated with crossing of the dividing strips by a vehicle and its collision with side obstacles on the junction or road bridge exit. These accidents often occur, when vehicles, running at a high speed, collide with obstacles, which may cause human injuries. In such cases, the probability of fatalities or heavy injuries to people in a traffic accident is very high. Road traffic infrastructure plays an important part in ensuring traffic safety on urban roads and highways. It includes guardrails, speed bumps, pedestrian safety islands, traffic regulation systems, road information infrastructure, etc. Guardrail (known as civil engineering element and traffic safety element) installation may help to reduce the number of human injuries and fatalities caused by traffic accidents. Guardrails of various types are installed on the roads of Lithuania and Ukraine. Guardrails, consisting of metal posts of the profile Σ and a protective beam of the profile W, i.e. ‘double-wave guardrails’, are among the most commonly used ones. The authors of this paper present the analysis of the deformation state of a double-wave guardrail (describing the strains and stresses of its elements).

scholarly journals Analysis of driver behavior in Amman using Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khair Jadaan ◽  
Noor Albeetar ◽  
Dania Abuhalimeh ◽  
Yara Naji
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Relationship

A key component in combating traffic accidents is to study the contributory factors behind them, among these factors, the driver behavior stands out as the main causative factor. One of the most effective tools used worldwide in measuring self-reported driving components is the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), it investigates the relationship between the driver and accidents involvement, throughout the analysis of both sociodemographic characteristics of drivers, and the risky driving components practiced such as; violations, errors and lapses. The present study investigates the factor structure of the DBQ and examines the relationships between the driver behavior factors and accident involvement. A survey questionnaire including the DBQ and background information was filled by a randomly selected sample of drivers in Amman, the capital of Jordan and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for data analysis. Driver behavior differed according to the gender, educational level and driving experience of the respondents. The results reflected the lifestyle, way of thinking and the general attitude of the driver and its relationship with traffic safety.

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