scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Hypertension: the Effect of Metabolic Syndrome and Antihypertensive Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Maciorowska ◽  
Paweł Krzesiński ◽  
Robert Wierzbowski ◽  
Grzegorz Gielerak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Antihypertensive Treatment ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Ambulatory Electrocardiography ◽  
The Mean

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of factors which, collectively, increase cardiovascular risk to a greater extent than each of them separately. Previous studies showed high cardiovascular risk to be associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of antihypertensive treatment on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with hypertension (HTN), depending on cooccurrence of MetS. 118 patients with uncontrolled HTN were enrolled to the study. HRV was compared among patients with and without MetS (MetS [+], n = 70 ) at baseline and following 12 months antihypertensive treatment. The HRV indices measured from RR intervals recorded form using 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography. The measured HRV domains were the standard deviation of the average of NN intervals [SDNN], square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals [rMSSD], percentage of NN50 [pNN50], low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], total power of variance of all NN intervals [TP], and LF/HF ratio. Baseline parameters: SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50, and HF were significantly lower in the MetS[+] compared to the MetS[-] subgroup ( p < 0.05 ). After a 12-month antihypertensive treatment, MetS[+] patients achieved a significant improvement in parameters: SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50, and TP ( p < 0.05 ), while the changes in HRV observed in the MetS[-] subgroup were not statistically significant. The cooccurrence of HTN and other components of MetS is associated with disturbances of the autonomic balance. HTN control has a beneficial effect on HRV, with the effect being more evident in patients with MetS.

scholarly journals The Influence ofNrf2on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Howden ◽  
Eva Gougian ◽  
Marcus Lawrence ◽  
Samantha Cividanes ◽  
Wesley Gladwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Cardiac Responses

Nrf2protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role ofNrf2on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption ofNrf2would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures.Nrf2-/-andNrf2+/+mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P<0.001) and HF HRV (P<0.001) inNrf2-/-mice compared toNrf2+/+mice.Nrf2-/-mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less thanNrf2+/+mice (~22 hrs;P<0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater inNrf2-/-compared toNrf2+/+mice (P<0.01). Results demonstrate thatNrf2deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.

Abstract P315: Increase in Stress May Contribute to Lower Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Subjects

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C Costa ◽  
Ana Gabriela C Silva ◽  
Cibele T Ribeiro ◽  
Guilherme A Fregonezi ◽  
Fernando A Dias
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nonparametric Correlation

Background: Stress is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and decreased heart rate variability is associated to increased mortality in some cardiac diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of perceived stress on cardiac autonomic regulation in young healthy volunteers. Methods: 35 young healthy volunteers (19 to 29 years old, 6 men) from a Brazilian population were assessed for perceived stress by the translated and validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, 14 questions) and had the R-R intervals recorded at rest on supine position (POLAR RS800CX) and analyzed (5 minutes, Kubius HRV software) by Fast-Fourier Transform for quantification of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Results: Average data (±SD) for age, heart rate, BMI, waist circumference and percentage of body fat (%BF) were: 21.3±2.7 years; 65.5±7.9 bpm; 22.3±1.9 Kg/m 2 ; 76.0±6.1 cm and 32.1±6.6%; respectively. The mean score for the PSS-14 was 23.5±7.2 and for the HRV parameter as follow: SSDN=54.8±21.2ms; rMSSD=55.9±32.2ms; low-frequency (LF)= 794.8±579.7ms 2 ; High-frequency (HF)= 1508.0±1783.0 ms 2 ; LF(n.u.)= 41.1±16.2; HF(n.u.)= 58.9±16.2; LF/HF=0.89±0.80 and Total power (TP)= 3151±2570ms 2 . Spearman nonparametric correlation was calculated and there was a significant correlation of PSS-14 scores and LF (ms 2 ) (r=−0.343; p= 0.044). Other HRV variables did not shown significant correlation but also had negative values for Spearman r (TP r=−0.265, p=0.124; HF r=−0.158; SSDN r=−0.207; rMSSD r=−0.243, p=0.160). LF/HF and LF(n.u.) did not correlate to PSS-14 having Spearman r very close to zero (LF/HF r=−0.007, p=0.969; LF(n.u.) r=−0.005, p=0.976). No correlation was found for HRV parameters and BMI and there was a trend for statistical correlation of %BF and LF (ms 2 ) (r=−0.309, p=0.071). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a possible association of perceived stress level and HRV at rest. Changes in LF can be a consequence of both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, however, analyzing the other variables HF, TP, SSDN and rMSSD (all negative Spearman r) and due to the lack of changes in LF/HF ratio and LF(n.u.) we interpret that increased stress may be associated to decrease in overall heart rate variability. These changes were seen in healthy individuals and may point out an important mechanism in cardiovascular disease development.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Reflex Tests for Assessment of Autonomic Functions in Preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Chaswal ◽  
Raj Kapoor ◽  
Achla Batra ◽  
Savita Verma ◽  
Bhupendra S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex Tests

Alterations in the autonomic cardiovascular control have been implicated to play an important etiologic role in preeclampsia. The present study was designed to evaluate autonomic functions in preeclamptic pregnant women and compare the values with normotensive pregnant and healthy nonpregnant controls. Assessment of autonomic functions was done by cardiovascular reflex tests and by analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Cardiovascular reflex tests included deep breathing test (DBT) and lying to standing test (LST). HRV was analyzed in both time and frequency domain for quantifying the tone of autonomic nervous system to the heart. The time domain measures included standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and square root of mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD). In the frequency domain we measured total power (TP), high frequency (HF) power, low frequency (LF) power, and LF/HF ratio. Cardiovascular reflex tests showed a significant parasympathetic deficit in preeclamptic women. Among parameters of HRV, preeclamptic group had lower values of SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HF, and LF (ms2) and higher value of LF in normalised units along with high LF/HF ratio compared to normotensive pregnant and nonpregnant controls. Furthermore, normotensive pregnant women had lower values of SDNN, TP, and LF component in both absolute power and normalised units compared to nonpregnant females. The results confirm that normal pregnancy is associated with autonomic disturbances which get exaggerated in the state of preeclampsia.

Elevated heart rate variability in physically active postmenopausal women: a cardioprotective effect?

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. H455-H460 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Davy ◽  
N. L. Miniclier ◽  
J. A. Taylor ◽  
E. T. Stevenson ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Frequency Power

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiac sudden death (CSD) incidence accelerates after menopause, but the incidence is lower in physically active versus less active women. Low heart rate variability (HRV) is a risk factor for CHD and CSD. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that HRV at rest is greater in physically active compared with less active postmenopausal women. If true, we further hypothesized that the greater HRV in the physically active women would be closely associated with an elevated spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (SBRS). HRV (both time and frequency domain measures) and SBRS (sequence method) were measured during 5-min periods of controlled frequency breathing (15 breaths/min) in the supine, sitting, and standing postures in 9 physically active postmenopausal women (age = 53 +/- 1 yr) and 11 age-matched controls (age = 56 +/- 2 yr). Body weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage were lower (P < 0.01) and maximal oxygen uptake was higher (P < 0.01) in the physically active group. The standard deviation of the R-R intervals (time domain measure) was higher in all postures in the active women (P < 0.05) as were the high-frequency, low-frequency, and total power of HRV. SBRS also was higher (P < 0.05) in the physically active women in all postures and accounted for approximately 70% of the variance in the high-frequency power of HRV (P < 0.05). The results of the present investigation indicate that physically active postmenopausal women demonstrate higher levels of HRV compared with age-matched, less active women. Furthermore, SBRS accounted for the majority of the variance in the high-frequency power of HRV, suggesting the possibility of a mechanistic link with cardiac vagal modulation of heart rate. Our findings may provide insight into a possible cardioprotective mechanism in physically active postmenopausal women.

NEUROCARDIAC-CARDIORESPIRATORY INTERACTION OF HEART-BRAIN MAILUNS SYNCHRONY AT DEEP ZEN MEDITATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650039
Author(s):  
Pei-Chen Lo ◽  
Wu Jue Miao Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Respiration Rhythm ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Interaction ◽  
Electrical Impulses

Innovatively new behaviors of heart rate variability caused by special heart-transition process were observed in the long-term, well-experienced Zen practitioners while practicing the heart-to-heart imprint sealing (HHIS) Zen meditation. HHIS Zen practice involves specific neurocardiac-cardiorespiratory interaction while on the way of realizing the heart-dominant, detached brain. Results of analyzing the electrocardiogram and respiratory signals of 10 experienced practitioners reveal several distinctive characteristics: (1) remarkably linear correlation between standard deviation of the normal R-to-R intervals, SDNN, and total power in very-low-frequency (VLF, 0.0033–0.04[Formula: see text]Hz) band of power spectrum of the heart-rate sequence, (2) time-varying VLF power dominating over the low-frequency and high-frequency power in heart rate variability (HRV) variations, (3) intermittent transition into slowly, deeply abdominal respiration inducing a boost of heart rates, (4) heart-rate baseline slowly fluctuating at 0.005–0.0067[Formula: see text]Hz, about 1.5–2 cycles in 5-min period, and (5) remarkable respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony between heart rate and respiration rhythm. This paper proposes a rational scientific hypothesis for the neurocardiac-cardiorespiratory mechanism. The unique scheme of HHIS Zen meditation involves the spiritual-qi concentration and refinement for pinpointing into the particular energy centers, mailuns. Ignition by a subtle, deepest abdominal respiration, electrical impulses rapidly transmit from solar plexus to branchial plexuses to activate unique heart-transition process. Simultaneously, another branch streams upward the spinal cord to cervical plexus and brainstem that effectively harmonizes neurocardiac interactions. To investigate the underlying behaviors, time-domain and frequency-domain HRV based on continuous wavelet transform were employed.

scholarly journals Influence of heart failure severity on heart rate variability

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Zamaklar-Trifunovic ◽  
Petar Seferovic ◽  
Mirjana Zivkovic ◽  
Vera Jelic ◽  
Goran Vukomanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Pump Failure ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Failure Severity ◽  
Heart Failure Severity

Introduction. Autonomic regulation of cardiovascular functions in congestive heart failure is characterised by enhanced sympathetic and diminished parasympathetic activity. The long term predominance of sympathetic tone is a significant factor in arrhythmogenesis, sudden cardiac death, and progressive pump failure. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method for estimating the sympatho vagal balance in cardiovascular control. Aim. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of heart failure severity on HRV. Method. HRV was estimated through the spectral analysis of short term ECG (Cardiovit AT 60, Schiller, CH) in 63 patients (78% male, mean age 56.9?10.9 years) and 14 healthy volunteers (57.1% male, mean age 53.1?8.2 years). The following spectral components were measured: VLF (very low frequency), LF (low frequency), HF (high frequency), and total power (Tot Power). Results. All spectral components were statistically, significantly lower in patients with heart failure in comparison to healthy controls (VLF: 159.89?147.02 vs. 285.50?202.77 ms2; p=0.023, LF: 161.48?204.01 vs. 474.57?362.93 ms2; p<0.001, HF: 88.58?102.47 vs. 362.71?318.28 ms2; p<0.001), as well as total power (Tot Power: 723.39?644.52 vs. 1807.29?1204.74 ms2; p<0.001). A significant, negative correlation between HRV parameters and NYHA class was detected in heart failure patients (VLF: r=-0.391; p=0.002, LF: r=-0.401; p=0.001, and Tot Power r=-0.372; p=0.003). Ejection fraction proved to be in significant, positive correlation to VLF (r=0.541; p=0.002), LF (r=0.531; p=0.003), HF (r=0.418; p=0.020), and Tot Power (r=0.457; p=0.013). Conclusion. Significant HRV reduction is a precursor to incipient heart failure (NYHA I). In heart failure progression, total power as well as the power of all spectral components is progressively reduced. LF and Tot Power are the most prominent parameters for discriminating between the different stages of heart failure. These results could promote HRV as an important decision-making tool in heart failure treatment as well as in monitoring the results of that treatment.

scholarly journals Association between Levels of Urine Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate Metabolites and Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Ching-Way Chen ◽  
Shu-Yu Tang ◽  
Jin-Shiang Hwang ◽  
Chang-Chuan Chan ◽  
Cheng-Chih Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Phthalate exposure is associated with cardiovascular risk. Among the various phthalates, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a deleterious plasticizer in our daily lives. This study investigated the association between DEHP exposure and the alteration of heart rate variability (HRV). During 2017–2019, we recruited 974 young adults to investigate the effects of living environments and dietary habits on cardiometabolic disorders in Taiwan. We quantitatively analyzed urinary metabolites of DHEP. A continuous electrocardiogram was recorded to obtain a 5-min ECG. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV analyses were performed. Multiple linear regression showed that urinary oxidized DEHP metabolites MEHHP and MEOHP were associated with decreased HRV after controlling for associated cardiovascular risk factors. A higher MEHHP level was associated with a lower triangular interpolation of NN interval histogram (TINN), very low frequency (VLF), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio. A higher MEOHP level was associated with a decreased LF/HF ratio. In addition, trend analysis showed that higher MEHHP and MEOHP quantiles were significantly associated with a decreased LF/HF ratio. DEHP is a potentially harmful and invisible chemical. The urinary DEHP metabolites MEHHP and MEOHP are associated with decreased HRV, indicating an adverse effect on autonomic balance in young adults in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Is the algorithm used to process heart rate variability data clinically relevant? Analysis in male adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Henrique Germano Soares ◽  
Breno Quintella Farah ◽  
Gabriel Grizzo Cucato ◽  
Carmelo José Albanez Bastos-Filho ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Male Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze whether the algorithm used for the heart rate variability assessment (fast Fourier transform versus autoregressive methods) influenced its association with cardiovascular risk factors in male adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1,152 male adolescents (aged 14 to 19 years). The low frequency, high frequency components (absolute numbers and normalized units), low frequency/high frequency ratio, and total power of heart rate variability parameters were obtained using the fast Fourier transform and autoregressive methods, while the adolescents were resting in a supine position. Results All heart rate variability parameters calculated from both methods were different (p<0.05). However, a low effect size (<0.1) was found for all parameters. The intra-class correlation between methods ranged from 0.96 to 0.99, whereas the variation coefficient ranged from 7.4 to 14.8%. Furthermore, waist circumference was negatively associated with high frequency, and positively associated with low frequency and sympatovagal balance (p<0.001 for both fast Fourier transform and autoregressive methods in all associations). Systolic blood pressure was negatively associated with total power and high frequency, whereas it was positively associated with low frequency and sympatovagal balance (p<0.001 for both fast Fourier transform and autoregressive methods in all associations). Body mass index was negatively associated with high frequency, while it was positively associated with low frequency and sympatovagal balance (p values ranged from <0.001 to 0.007). Conclusion There are significant differences in heart rate variability parameters obtained with the fast Fourier transform and autoregressive methods in male adolescent; however, these differences are not clinically significant.

Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of Cardiac Dysrhythmias During Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna H. Hammash ◽  
Debra K. Moser ◽  
Susan K. Frazier ◽  
Terry A. Lennie ◽  
Melanie Hardin-Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmias ◽  
Ectopic Beats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

BackgroundWeaning from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous breathing is associated with changes in the hemodynamic and autonomic nervous systems that are reflected by heart rate variability. Although cardiac dysrhythmias are an important manifestation of hemodynamic alterations, the impact of heart rate variability on the occurrence of dysrhythmias during weaning has not been specifically studied.ObjectivesTo describe differences in heart rate variability spectral power and occurrence of cardiac dysrhythmias at baseline and during the initial trial of weaning from mechanical ventilation and to evaluate the impact of heart rate variability during weaning on occurrence of dysrhythmias.MethodContinuous 3-lead electrocardiographic recordings were collected from 35 patients receiving mechanical ventilation for 24 hours at baseline and during the initial weaning trial. Heart rate variability was evaluated by using spectral power analysis.ResultsLow-frequency power increased (P = .04) and high-frequency and very-low-frequency power did not change during weaning. The mean number of supraventricular ectopic beats per hour during weaning was higher than the mean at baseline (P &lt; .001); the mean of ventricular ectopic beats did not change. Low-frequency power was a predictor of ventricular and supraventricular ectopic beats during weaning (P &lt; .001). High-frequency power was predictive of ventricular and supraventricular (P = .02) ectopic beats during weaning. Very-low-frequency power was predictive of ventricular ectopic beats (P &lt; .001) only.ConclusionHeart rate variability power spectra during weaning were predictive of dysrhythmias. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2015;24:118–127)

Short-term heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sz. Bogucki ◽  
A. Noszczyk-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ventricular Premature Complexes ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Hrv Analysis ◽  
Fixed Times

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) is a well established mortality risk factor in both healthy dogs and those with heart failure. While the standards for short-term HRV analysis have been developed in humans, only reference values for HRV parameters determined from 24-hour ECG have been proposed in dogs. The aim of this study was to develop the reference values for short-term HRV parameters in a group of 50 healthy dogs of various breeds (age 4.86 ± 2.74 years, body weight 12.2 ± 3.88 kg). The ECG was recorded continuously for at least 180 min in a dark and quiet room. All electrocardiograms were inspected automatically and manually to eliminate atrial or ventricular premature complexes. Signals were transformed into a spectrum using the fast Fourier transform. The HRV parameters were measured at fixed times from 60-min ECG segments. The following time-domain parameters (ms) were analyzed: mean NN, SDNN, SDANN, SDNN index, rMSSD and pNN50. Moreover, frequency-domain parameters (Hz) were determined, including very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components, total power (TP) and the LF/HF ratio. The results (means ± SD) were as follows: mean NN = 677.68 ± 126.89; SDNN = 208.86 ± 77.1; SDANN = 70.75 ± 30.9; SDNN index = 190.75 ± 76.12; rMSSD = 259 ± 120.17, pNN50 = 71.84 ± 13.96; VLF = 984.96 ± 327.7; LF = 1501.24 ± 736.32; HF = 5845.45 ± 2914.20; TP = 11065.31 ± 3866.87; LF/HF = 0.28 ± 0.11.

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