Physiochemical, Insecticidal, and Antidiabetic Activities of Senna occidentalis Linn Root

The present study aimed to investigate the physiochemical activities of Senna occidentalis (Linn) roots and phytochemicals as insecticidal (ethyl acetate and methanol) and antidiabetic (ethanolic extract) activities. Physicochemical properties were carried out by using Association of Official Analytical Chemist methods; thin layer chromatography was carried out according to the Stahl method. Larvicidal activity and LD50 were studied against the third instar of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae to detect and extract toxicity. The ethanolic extracts of the roots were orally tested at the dose 200 mg/kg for the hypoglycemic effect on induced hyperglycemia in normal rats, assessed in the ethanol extract, and were compared with diabetic control and standards glibenclamide 10 mg/kg. Physiochemical parameters showed high rate in the nitrogen-free extract (69.6%), curd fiber (14.5%), crude proteins (8.15%), ether extract (3.75%), and both ash and moisture (2%), and high concentrations values were found in potassium (43 mg/l) followed by phosphorous (28.5 mg/l), calcium (15 mg/l), sodium (3.65 mg/l), and magnesium (0.145 mg/l). In this part, phytochemical compounds showed high amount of alkaloids, triterpene, flavonoids, tannins, sugars, and few amount of anthraquinone glycosides. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies different colored phytochemical constituted with different Rf values. All the spots are colored under UV light, but some are localized colorless after spaying. The ethyl acetate (EtAc) extract showed eight spots, and the methanol (MeOH) extract showed thirteen spots. The larvicidal activity showed that the ethyl acetate extract was safe against mosquito larvae with an LD50 value 1412.54 (p<0.05), and the methanol extract had moderate larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with an LD50 value 257.54 (p<0.05), while the ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis (L.) causes a favorable hypoglycemic activity when compared to control significant reduction by [53.15%, 32.87%, and 20.94%], respectively, as well as standard glibenclamide. Based on the various data of the physicochemical parameters, TLC spots, and phytochemical compounds of Senna occidentalis root, they could be used as references standards for manufacturing units of Senna occidentalis root larvicidal and antidiabetic drugs.

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Physiochemical, Insecticidal and Antidiabetic activities of Senna occidentalis Linn Root

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28860/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tahani Osman Issa ◽

Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed ◽

Yahya Sulieman Mohamed ◽

Sakina Yagi ◽

Abdelrafie Mohamed Makhawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Uv Light ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Ld50 Value ◽

Layer Chromatography

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the physiochemical activities of Senna occidentalis (Linn) roots, phytochemicals as insecticidal (ethyl acetate and methanol) and antidiabetic (ethanolic extract) activities. Physicochemical properties were carried out by using Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods, thin layer chromatography was carried out according to the Stahl method. Larvicidal activity and LD50 were studied against third instar of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae to detect, which extract is safe or toxic. The ethanolic extracts of the roots were orally tested at the dose 200 mg/kg for hypoglycemic effect on induced hyperglycemia in normal rats, assessed in the ethanol extract were compared with diabetic control and standards Glibenclamide 10mg/kg. Physiochemical parameters showed high parameters in nitrogen free extract (69.6%), curd fiber (14.5%), crude proteins (8.15%), ether extract (3.75%), and both Ash and moisture (2%), high concentrations values were found in potassium (43 mg/l) followed by phosphorous (28.5 mg/l), calcium (15 mg/l), sodium (3.65 mg/l) and magnesium. (0.145 mg/l) in this part beside phytochemical compounds showed high amount of alkaloids, triterpene, flavonoids, tannins, sugars, and few amount of Anthraquinone glycosides. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) studies different colored phytochemical constituted with different Rf values. All the spots are colored under UV light, but some are localized colorless after spaying. Ethyl acetate (EtAc) extract showed eight spots and methanol (MeOH) extract showed thirteen spots. The Larvicidal activity showed that ethyl acetate extract was safe against mosquito larvae with LD50 value 1412.54 (p<0.05) and methanol extract had moderate larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with LD50 value 257.54 (p<0.05). While the ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis (L.) cause a favorable hypoglycemic activity when compared to control significant reduction by [53.15%, 32.87% and 20.94%] respectively as while as standard Glibenclamide. Based on the various data of the physicochemical parameters, TLC spots and phytochemical compounds of Senna occidentalis root, they could be used as references standards for manufacturing units of Senna occidentalis root Larvicidal and antidiabetic drugs.

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Identifikasi Sediaan Jamu Kuat yang Beredar di Kecamatan Banguntapan dan Pleret Kabupaten Bantul dengan Metode KLT

Surya Medika: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan dan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.32504/sm.v14i2.133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Dewi Umniyatul ◽

Dwi Kurniawati Sambodo

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Silica Gel ◽

Plant Material ◽

Uv Light ◽

Sildenafil Citrate ◽

Quota Sampling ◽

Layer Chromatography

Background: Traditional herbs are ingredients or herbs in the form of plant material, animal ingredients, mineral ingredients, galenic preparations or mixtures of these ingredients, it has been used as medicine traditionally.Objective: This study is aimed to Identify of Sildenafil Citrate on “Jamu Kuat” (Herbal Medicine) products.Methods: This type of research was descriptive and the sample was determined by quota sampling. The method used Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) which was a physicochemical method. There were seven samples were extracted by the soxhletation method until a thick extract was obtained to be spotted in the quite phase of TLC silica gel F254. The motion phase used to identify sildenafil citrate was chloroform: ethyl acetate (6: 4). Spots detection was done by observation under UV light 366 nm and the spots that appeared were calculated of Rf value and compared with the comparable Rf value of sildenafil citrate.Results: From this study, there were samples containing sildenafil citrate. Sample C with a sample Rf value of 0.75 and sample D with Rf value of sample 0.78 and a comparable Rf of sildenafil citrate 0.77.Conclusion: The seven samples of “Jamu Kuat” contained sildenafil citrate in Banguntapan and Pleret Districts, Bantul Regency. Keywords: Jamu Kuat (Herbal Medicine), Sildenafil citrate, TLC

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Direct Fluorescent Detection of Organothiophosphorus Pesticides and Some of Their Sulfur-containing Breakdown Products After Thin Layer Chromatography

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/50.5.1088 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 1088-1098

Author(s):

Mohamed Tawfik H Ragab

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Ultraviolet Light ◽

Congo Red ◽

Fluorescent Detection ◽

Bromine Vapor ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Sulfur Containing ◽

Dark Blue

Abstract A rapid, simple, convenient, and widely applicable method for the direct fluorescent detection of organothiophosphorus pesticides and some postulated breakdown products of these compounds is presented. The coinpounds were spotted on thin layer chromatographic sheets, developed in ethyl acetate :nhexane, and made visible by exposure to bromine vapor followed by spraying with ferric chloride and 2-(o-hydroxy phenyl) benzoxazole. Of the 47 compounds tested, 32 compounds produced fluorescent blue spots vinder longwave ultraviolet light; these consisted of 25 organothiophosphorus pesticides, 5 sulfur-containing breakdown products, and phosphoric and hypophosphorous acids. A superimposed Congo red spray destroyed the fluorescence and resulted in dark blue spots against a red backgrovind. The sensitivity of this method is in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 μg, depending on the specific compound.

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Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography

Biology Medicine & Natural Product Chemistry ◽

10.14421/biomedich.2014.31.31-33 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Rahmawati Ekaputri ◽

Sudarsono Sudarsono ◽

Budi Mulyaningsih

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Vinca Rosea ◽

Layer Chromatography

Background: Vinca rosea is known contain alkaloids, it was usually used to treat various diseases. Alkaloids from Vinca leaves are also already known have larvicidal activity. Based on this toxicological activity, the fruit of Vinca rosea was selected to investigation its larvicidal activity against the 3rd instar larvae of the mosquito vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Aedes aegypti. Five concentrations of Vinca fruit extract were tested against the 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The different larval mortality percentages were recorded after 24 hours. Lethal concentration (LC50 anf LC90) of Vinca fruit extract were calculated using Probit analysis. Phytochemical compounds of ethanolic extract also investigated using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC). LC50 and LC90 values of fruit extract were 2.987 mg/ml and 32.861 mg/ml. Alkaloids were detected in extract.

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Rapid Identification and Quantitation of Clotrimazole, Miconazole, and Ketokonazole in Pharmaceutical Creams and Ointments by Thin-Layer Chromatography–Densitometry

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/79.3.656 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 656-660 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Utpal Roychowdhury ◽

Saroj K Das

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Uv Light ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Solvent System ◽

Short Wave ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Pharmaceutical Creams ◽

Liquid Chromatographic ◽

Layer Chromatography

Abstract Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)–densitometry was used to separate, identify, and quantitate clotrimazole, miconazole, and ketokonazole (alone or combined with other drugs) in various pharmacopoeial or proprietary creams and ointments. Clotrimazole was extracted from the cream or ointment with ethyl alcohol, and miconazole and ketokonazole were extracted with a mixture of equal volumes of chloroform and isopropyl alcohol. Active ingredients were separated from excipients and other drugs by TLC on a precoated silica gel F254 plate with a solvent system of n-hexane–chloroform–methanol–diethylamine (50 + 40 + 10 + 1, v/v). The 3 azoles were well separated and easily identified in this chromatographic system. The separated azoles were visualized under short-wave UV light and quantitated by scanning densitometry at 220 nm by comparing the integrated areas of samples with those of standard (one azole was used as internal standard for the other). Recoveries from samples spiked with known amounts of azoles were excellent. The method was validated further by comparison with official liquid chromatographic methods.

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PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TLC FINGERPRINTING OF THE BARK OF CASCABELA THEVETIA L.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i7.29218 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 125-130

Author(s):

Neelutpal Gogoi ◽

Biman Bhuyan ◽

Trinayan Deka

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Cork Cell ◽

Layer Chromatography

Objectives: In this study, systematic pharmacognostic study and preliminary phytochemical screening of the bark of Cascabela thevetia L. were carried out. Methods: The selected plant part was collected, processed and stored in an airtight container. From the bark different pharmacognostic studies like macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, physicochemical parameters, fluorescence analysis were done. Powdered bark was successively extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus and finally macerated with the hydro-alcoholic solvent system (30:70). The preliminary phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatography of the extracts were done to find the nature and number of the different phytoconstituents present. Results: Transverse microscopy reveals the presence of crystal oxalate, cork cell, starch granules, vascular bundle, phloem fiber, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Powder microscopy also showed the presence of cork cell, fiber and calcium oxalate crystal. Results obtained in different physicochemical analysis like total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol-soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive, and moisture content were 8.67%, 0.83%, 5.33%, 4.53%, 12.27%, and 7.83% respectively. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, phytosterol, tannin, saponin, anthraquinone, carbohydrate and fatty acid in the different extracts. TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) study revealed 4 spots in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts and 3 spots in the Hydro-alcoholic extract with different solvent systems. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study will provide a reliable basis for identification, purity, and quality of the plant.

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Determination of Biphenyl in Citrus Fruits by Thin Layer Chromatography and Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/50.4.934 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 934-938

Author(s):

Paul E Corneliussen

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Uv Light ◽

Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Citrus Fruits ◽

Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry ◽

Spectrophotometric Measurement ◽

Layer Chromatography

Abstract A rapid method for determining biphenyl in citrus fruits has been developed and was studied collaboratively. Biphenyl is separated from fruit tissue by steam liquidliquid extraction. The ra-heptane extract is subjected to preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) on plates coated with silica gel containing phosphors for ready visibility of the biphenyl spots under UV light. The spots are removed from the plate and extracted with alcohol for spectrophotometric measurement at 248 mμ. The TLC cleanup adds specificity to the method; o-phenylphenol, if present, does not interfere and crop blanks are insignificant. The average of 36 recoveries (12 each at abovit 100, 50, and 10 ppm) was 96.7% with a mean deviation of 10.7%. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official, first action.

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Identifikasi dan Penetapan Kadar Rhodamin B pada Eye Shadow secara Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet-Visible

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan ◽

10.33221/jikes.v19i02.447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (02) ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

Siva Fauziah ◽

Dede Komarudin ◽

Citra Dewi

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Rhodamine B ◽

Uv Light ◽

Average Value ◽

Traditional Market ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Rhodamin B

Abstract Based on BPOM findings in 2016 there is still the presence of Rhodamin B which is used as one of the dyes in cosmetics. It causes irritation to the skin, respiratory tract and is carcinogenic. The purpose of this study to conduct an examination and determination of Rhodamin B in eye shadow in the Kalideres traditional market. The sample used for the research is eye shadow that is bought from cosmetics stores and cosmetic kiosks, which circulated in the Kalideres traditional market. The sample consist of five different brands based on three criteria is eye shadow which does not include the ingredients used, the writing in the packaging used a language other than Indonesia and does not have a permit number from BPOM. This research was conducted to identify the presence of Rhodamin B in eye shadow with KLT method ( thin layer chromatography), the eluent used is N-butanol, etil asetat, amoniac 25% (10 : 4 : 5) then detected with UV light 254 nm and determination of the content using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method at maximum wavelength 553 nm using as blank is methanol. The resulted was presence of Rhodamine B in sample code A and sample code D with the average value of Rhodamine B levels in the sample examined, the sample code A is 1,3063 mg/g and sample code D is 1,2564 mg/g. Keywords: Rhodamine B, Eye Shadow, KLT, Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry

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Phytochemical Investigation of the Aerial Part of Iraqi Convolvulus arvensis

Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) ◽

10.31351/vol29iss2pp62-69 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 62-69

Author(s):

Mustafa H. Alwan ◽

Maha N. Hamad

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Morning Glory ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Phytochemical Investigation ◽

Layer Chromatography

Convolvulus arvensis is a species of bindweed that is rhizomatous and is in the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae) native to Europe and Asia. The plant is naturally grown in Iraq. The plant was reported to be used in traditional medicine from as early as 1730s. The Aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis were macerated in 80% ethanol for 6 days. The concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate- and n-butanol successively. The n-hexane and ethyl acetate, fractions were examined for the presence of phytochemicals by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography and its steroid and flavonoid contents were investigated. Stigmasterol was isolated from n-hexane fraction and identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Rutin was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The aim is to examine the phytochemical constituents of the aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis, literature survey available so far revealed that there were no studies about the phytochemical investigation for Convolvulus arvensis in Iraq. Different chromatographic techniques like Thin Layer Chromatography and mass spectroscopy were used and the presence of Stigmasterol and Rutin in aerial parts of Convolvulus arvensis was indicated.

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Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr)

Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi UMA (JIBIOMA) ◽

10.31289/jibioma.v1i1.138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Aji Suteja ◽

Emmy Harso Kardhinata ◽

Rosliana Lubis

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Experimental Method ◽

Thin Layer Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Screening Analysis ◽

Durio Zibethinus ◽

Rf Values ◽

Layer Chromatography

This study aims to determine how to identify the types of secondary metabolite compounds contained in durian leaves. The study was conducted by an experimental method by identifying secondary metabolite compounds on durian leaves using phytochemical screening. The sample criteria used were the leaf buds and all the leaf strands (except the leaf bones). The results of the study showed that of the three types of durian leaves namely copper, baskets and Sp A. There are several types of secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. Phytochemical screening analysis was carried out using thin layer chromatography by showing RF values on three types of durian leaves using methanol and ethyl acetate solvents in a ratio of 3: 1. RF value on copper durian is 0.97, bakul durian is 0.95 and Sp durian. A 0.94.

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