scholarly journals Thermal Profile of a Low-Concentrator Photovoltaic: A COMSOL Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Maryam M. Alqurashi ◽  
Reem M. Altuwirqi ◽  
Entesar A. Ganash
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Operating Temperature ◽  
Thermal Profile ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Pv Panel

With the gradual reduction of fossil fuels, it is essential to find alternative renewable sources of energy. It is important to take advantage of substitutes that are less expensive and more efficient in energy production. Photovoltaic concentrators (CPVs) are effective methods through which solar energy can be maximized resulting in more conversion into electrical power. V-trough concentrators are the simplest types of low-CPV in terms of design as it is limited to the use of two plane mirrors with a flat photovoltaic (PV) plate. A consequence of concentrating more solar radiation on a PV panel is an increase in its temperature that may decrease its efficiency. In this work, the thermal profile of the PV plate in a V-trough system will be determined when this system is placed in different geographical locations in Saudi Arabia. The simulation is conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software with a ray optics package integrated with a heat transfer routine. The 21st of June was chosen to conduct the simulation as it coincides with the summer solstice. The employment of wind as a cooling method for V-troughs was investigated in this work. It was found that with the increase in wind speed, the PV panel temperature dropped significantly below its optimum operating temperature. However, due to the mirrors’ attachment to the PV panel, the temperature distribution on the surface of the panel was nonuniform. The temperature gradient on the PV surface was reduced with the increase of wind speed but not significantly. Reducing the size of the mirrors resulted in a partial coverage of solar radiation on the PV surface which helped in reducing the temperature gradient but did not eliminate it. This work can assist in testing numerous cooling models to optimize the use of V-troughs and increase its efficiency especially in locations having high ambient temperatures.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility Study on PV/Wind Hybrid Microgrids for Indonesia Remote Island Application

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2001-2006
Author(s):  
Syafii Syafii ◽  
Pinto Anugrah ◽  
Heru Dibyo Laksono ◽  
Herris Yamashika
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Software Optimization ◽  
Hybrid Microgrid ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Speed Effect

This paper presents the economic feasibility of hybrid microgrid power system for three remote islands of Sumatra, Indonesia. The microgrid system simulated and analysed using Homer Pro software. Optimization results showed that the combination of photovoltaic (PV), diesel generation (G) and batteries (Batt) for microgrid power system in Mandeh and Lagundri Island area were the most economical configuration. Meanwhile, for Mentawai area, the combination of PV, Wind Turbine (WT), G, Batt was the most optimal since it has higher wind speed then the other two areas. The Mandeh area has the highest solar radiation compared to the other two areas, resulting in the lowest CoE of $0.096/kWh as well as the lowest investment and operational costs. For the fixed PV 100 kW scenario, the optimal configuration is obtained with 86 kW supplied by WT for the Lagundri location, and 67 kW supplied by WT for the Mentawai area, while the WT installation area is not recommended for Mandeh location. The power management analysis showed that the average and patterns of weather parameters including solar radiation and wind speed effect both PV and Wind electrical power production.

scholarly journals Studies on Influence of Cell Temperature in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Operation

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Govindarasu ◽  
S. Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Methanol Concentration ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Optimum Operating Temperature

Directmethanol fuel cells (DMFCs) offer one of the most promising alternatives for the replacement of fossil fuels. A DMFC that had an active Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) area of 45 cm2, a squoval-shaped manifold hole design, and a Pt-Ru/C catalyst combination at the anode was taken for analysis in simulation and real-time experimentation. A mathematical model was developed using dynamic equations of a DMFC. Simulation of a DMFC model using MATLAB software was carried out to identify the most influencing process variables, namely cell temperature, methanol flow rate and methanol concentration during a DMFC operation. Simulation results were recorded and analyzed. It was observed from the results that the cell temperature was the most influencing process variable in the DMFC operation, more so than the methanol flow rate and the methanol concentration. In the DMFC, real-time experimentation was carried out at different cell temperatures to find out the optimum temperature at which maximum power density was obtained. The results obtained in simulation and the experiment were compared and it was concluded that the temperature was the most influencing process variable and 333K was the optimum operating temperature required to achieve the most productive performance in power density of the DMFC.

scholarly journals Study and Order of a Medium Power Wind Turbine Conversion Chain Connected to Medium Voltage Grid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 7279-7282
Author(s):  
Α. Guediri ◽  
Α. Guediri
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
Variable Wind

In this article, we will study a system consisting of a wind turbine operating at a variable wind speed and a two-feed asynchronous machine (DFIG) connected to the grid by the stator and fed by a transducer at the rotor side. The conductors are separately controlled for active and reactive power flow between the stator (DFIG) and the network, which is achieved using conventional PI and fuzzy logic. The proposed controllers generate reference voltages for the rotor to ensure that the active and reactive powers reach the required reference values, in order to ensure effective tracking of the optimum operating point and to obtain the maximum electrical power output. System modeling and simulation were examined with Matlab. Dynamic analysis of the system is performed under variable wind speed. This analysis is based on active and reactive energy control. The results obtained show the advantages of the proposed intelligent control unit.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collector with monofacial and bifacial solar cells: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fudholi ◽  
Muslizainun Mustapha ◽  
Ivan Taslim ◽  
Fitrotun Aliyah ◽  
Arthur Gani Koto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Bifacial Solar Cell

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors directly convert solar radiation into electrical and thermal energy. A PVT collector combines the functions of a PV panel and a flat plate solar collector. The development of PVT air collectors is a very promising research area. At present, PVT air collectors are used in solar drying and solar air heaters. On the basis of existing literature, most PVT air collectors were built by using monofacial PV modules. The bifacial PV modules had two active surfaces that could capture solar radiation with its front and rear surfaces. Additional sunlight absorption through both surfaces resulted in an enhanced electrical power generation compared with the conventional monofacial PV. Therefore, bifacial PVT was considered to be useful and attractive due to its potential of enhancing overall system performances, including energy and exergy efficiencies. Findings of this review indicated that PVT air collector with bifacial solar cell produced a larger amount of electrical energy, which was approximately 40% higher than a monofacial PVT. The energy and exergy efficiencies of PVT air collector with monofacial solar cells range from 27% to 94% and from 4% to 18%, respectively. For bifacial PVT, the energy and exergy efficiencies of PVT air collector range from 28% to 67% and from 8.2% to 8.4%, respectively.

scholarly journals Analisa Perbandingan Performansi AC SPLIT Konvensional Dengan AC SPLIT Tenaga Surya

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Yudhy Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Solar Powered

Currently, the world's energi needs are still dominated by depleting fossil fuels, where the largest consumption produced from these fossils is electrical energi. For tropical country conditions, on average, every house and in city buildings use split AC as a tool to condition the room so that it feels comfortable for its residents. Where about 60% utilize electrical energi. In this study, split AC uses solar power as an alternative to electrical energi by using a solar photovoltage (PV) system as a medium for absorbing solar radiation to be converted into electrical energi in split AC. The goal is that the use of solar radiation is able to reduce the use of electricity from PLN, which so far requires a large amount of money. The research method begins by making a model of a device that is modified by an electric panel on a split AC connected to an inverter to convert DC to AC current from the PV cell. From the use of solar cells as electrical energi then the test results are compared with conventional split AC. The results obtained from the conventional split AC test can be seen that the efficiency is 85% while the solar-powered split AC has an efficiency of 73%, but for the use of electrical power that operates for 2 hours on a solar-powered split AC, it is more efficient with a power of 376 Wh per day.

scholarly journals Modeling of Monocrystalline PV Cell Considering Ambient Conditions in Baghdad City

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Mohammed E. Abd Al-Wahed ◽  
Osamah F. Abdullateef
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Abstract   The environmental conditions are important factors, because they affect both the efficiency of a photovoltaic module and the energy load. This research was carried out experimentally and modeling was done in MATLAB –Simulink by monitoring the variation in power output of the system with environmental conditions such as solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, and humidity of Baghdad city. From the results, the ambient temperatures are inversely proportional to humidity and the output power performance of the system, while the wind speed is directly proportional with the output power performance of the system.     Keywords: Ambient temperature, cell temperature, humidity, Photovoltaic, solar radiation, wind speed.

scholarly journals Energy and Environmental Performance of Solar Thermal Collectors and PV Panel System in Renovated Historical Building

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7158
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Zukowski ◽  
Marta Kosior-Kazberuk ◽  
Tomasz Blaszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Optimal Angle ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Solar Thermal Collectors ◽  
Radiation Conversion ◽  
Long Operation

The major intent of this article was to determine the amount of energy received by two active systems used to convert solar radiation and to estimate their impact on reducing the emission of pollutants. Thermal solar collectors with an area of 51.36 m2 and photovoltaic panels with an area of 50.4 m2 were subject to comparative analysis. It was assumed that either of the two systems could be installed on the roof of an old tenement house located in Poznan (Poland), which is planned for renovation. Computer simulations made with DesignBuilder software were used as a research tool. Two main conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the year-long operation of both systems in the conditions of a typical meteorological year. Thermal solar collectors can produce 469 kWh of heat from 1 m2 of the device annually, while PV panels can generate 136 kWh of electricity per year from 1 m2 of active area. However, it turned out that the use of photovoltaic systems can contribute to a higher reduction in pollutants emitted to the atmosphere as a result of the alternative combustion of fossil fuels. Additionally, the optimal angle of inclination of devices for solar radiation conversion located near Poznan was determined.

An Efficient Hybrid Forecasting Approach for Wind Speed Time Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bhargavi Munnaluri ◽  
K. Ganesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hybrid Forecasting ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Future Utilization

Wind forecasting is one of the best efficient ways to deal with the challenges of wind power generation. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels renewable energy sources plays a major role for the generation of power. For future management and for future utilization of power, we need to predict the wind speed.  In this paper, an efficient hybrid forecasting approach with the combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) are proposed to improve the quality of prediction of wind speed. Due to the different parameters of wind, it is difficult to find the accurate prediction value of the wind speed. The proposed hybrid model of forecasting is examined by taking the hourly wind speed of past years data by reducing the prediction error with the help of Mean Square Error by 0.019. The result obtained from the Artificial Neural Networks improves the forecasting quality.

scholarly journals Atmospheric influences on infrared-laser signals used for occultation measurements between Low Earth Orbit satellites

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2273-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schweitzer ◽  
G. Kirchengast ◽  
V. Proschek
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Infrared Laser ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Wind Speed Profile ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Trace Species

Abstract. LEO-LEO infrared-laser occultation (LIO) is a new occultation technique between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, which applies signals in the short wave infrared spectral range (SWIR) within 2 μm to 2.5 μm. It is part of the LEO-LEO microwave and infrared-laser occultation (LMIO) method that enables to retrieve thermodynamic profiles (pressure, temperature, humidity) and altitude levels from microwave signals and profiles of greenhouse gases and further variables such as line-of-sight wind speed from simultaneously measured LIO signals. Due to the novelty of the LMIO method, detailed knowledge of atmospheric influences on LIO signals and of their suitability for accurate trace species retrieval did not yet exist. Here we discuss these influences, assessing effects from refraction, trace species absorption, aerosol extinction and Rayleigh scattering in detail, and addressing clouds, turbulence, wind, scattered solar radiation and terrestrial thermal radiation as well. We show that the influence of refractive defocusing, foreign species absorption, aerosols and turbulence is observable, but can be rendered small to negligible by use of the differential transmission principle with a close frequency spacing of LIO absorption and reference signals within 0.5%. The influences of Rayleigh scattering and terrestrial thermal radiation are found negligible. Cloud-scattered solar radiation can be observable under bright-day conditions, but this influence can be made negligible by a close time spacing (within 5 ms) of interleaved laser-pulse and background signals. Cloud extinction loss generally blocks SWIR signals, except very thin or sub-visible cirrus clouds, which can be addressed by retrieving a cloud layering profile and exploiting it in the trace species retrieval. Wind can have a small influence on the trace species absorption, which can be made negligible by using a simultaneously retrieved or a moderately accurate background wind speed profile. We conclude that the set of SWIR channels proposed for implementing the LMIO method (Kirchengast and Schweitzer, 2011) provides adequate sensitivity to accurately retrieve eight trace species of key importance to climate and atmospheric chemistry (H2O, CO2, 13CO2, C18OO, CH4, N2O, O3, CO) in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region outside clouds under all atmospheric conditions. Two further species (HDO, H218O) can be retrieved in the upper troposphere.

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