Prevalence, Intensity, and Associated Factors of Schistosoma mansoni among School Children in Northwest Ethiopia

Background. Schistosomiasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in Ethiopia, and its burden may show variations from time to time across different regions. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the prevalence, intensity, and associated risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) among schoolchildren in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Stool specimens were collected and examined using two-slide Kato-Katz method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. p values less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Result. A total of 786 schoolchildren were participated in this study. The prevalence of S. mansoni was 33.5%. The mean egg count of the parasite among the infected study participants was 523.665 eggs per gram (epg) of stool. Thirty-seven, 42, and 21 percent of the study participant’s infection were due to light, moderate, and heavy infection intensities, respectively. Age of 8-11 years old ( AOR = 1,687 , 95 % CI = 1.163 , 2.892 ), 5th-8th grade level ( AOR = 2.280 , 95 % CI = 1.348 , 3.856 ), residing in Chuahit District ( AOR = 95.559 , 95 % CI = 12.945 , 705.419 ), and using untreated water for domestic supply ( AOR = 1.724 , 95 % CI = 1.457 , 2.148 ) were found to be risk factors for S. mansoni infection. Conclusion. High prevalence of S. mansoni and relatively higher proportion of moderate intensity of infection in this study imply that schistosomiasis is still one of the major public health problems in Northwest Ethiopia. It is also highlighted that study sites, provision of water supply, age, and grade level of the schoolchildren were identified as a risk factors for the disease.

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AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON SELECTED RISK FACTORS OF STROKE AMONG ADULTS LIVING IN A SLUM OF KOLKATA.

10.36106/ijsr/5300467 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

Tanushree Mondal ◽

V. Abhinesh ◽

Soumitra Mondal ◽

Shibasish Banerjee ◽

Debasis Das

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Permanent Disability ◽

Study Participants

Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of permanent disability. Currently, the burden of stroke in terms of mortality, morbidity and disability is increasing across the world including India. The main risk factor of stroke are high blood pressure, tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol and diabetes mellitus. Lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stroke include smoking, drinking alcohol, high fat diet. Objective: To identify the socio demographic prole of study population and to nd out the proportion of selected risk factors of stroke among the study subjects and to assess different risk factors among them. Methodology:An observational descriptive cross sectional study was undertaken in urban eld practice area of a teaching institute of Kolkata. By 2 using the formula 4pq/l , total 200 participants were selected by simple random sampling and they were interviewed during house to house visit with WHO STEPS questionnaire for Non Communicable Diseases (NCD). Results: The mean age of the participants was 42.39 years and 33.5% participants were overweight with high BMI. Only 26 % participants were hypertensive and most of them (57.69%) had duration of hypertension more than 1 year. Majority (72.03%) did not have diabetes mellitus. Most (61%) of study participants had done moderate intensity physical activity regularly. Almost 25.5% study participants consume tobacco products and Most of the study 92.8% participants consumed alcohol 1-4 times in past 30 days. Signicant association were seen between gender and smoking (p=0.005), Gender and alcohol consumption (p=0.000), Religion and alcohol consumption (p=0.03), Occupation category and alcohol consumption (p=0.002), Marital status and hypertension (p=0.001). Conclusion: Effective public health intervention required promote regular exercise and healthy eating, avoiding alcohol and tobacco. Periodic screening for hypertension and diabetes and early diagnosis and treatment are key strategy for stroke prevention.

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Seroprevalence of AsymptomaticLeishmania donovaniamong Laborers and Associated Risk Factors in Agricultural Camps of West Armachiho District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2018/5751743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Animen Ayehu ◽

Yibeltal Aschale ◽

Wossenseged Lemma ◽

Animut Alebel ◽

Ligabaw Worku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Leishmania Donovani ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Control Measures ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Study Participants

Background. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also called kala-azar) is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially in sesame and sorghum growing areas. Compared to other populations, labor migrants are the most exposed. Knowing the seroprevalence ofLeishmania donovaniand associated risk factors is essential to design appropriate control measures. The main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers and associated risk factors in agricultural camps of West Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofL. donovaniinfection.Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 laborers from October to December 2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants from selected agricultural camps. After obtaining written informed consent, data were collected using a structured pretested Amharic version questionnaire using the interview technique. A single finger prick blood sample was collected from the study participants and the blood samples were subjected to the serological diagnostic method using the rk39 kit. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated withL. donovaniinfection.Result. Among 185 participants examined using rk39, 14 (7.6%) were seroreactive forL. donovani.Leishmania donovaniinfection had a statistically significant association with sleeping underBalanitestrees (AOR: 4.36, 95%CI: 1.186-16.06), presence of domestic animals near sleeping place (AOR: 4.68, 95% CI: 1.25-17.56), and lack of knowledge about VL transmission (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.07-13.47).Conclusion. Seroprevalence of asymptomaticL. donovaniamong laborers in agricultural camps of West Armachiho was low. Prevention measures and health education about risk factors that expose toL. donovaniinfection for the laborers are essential to prevent the spread of the disease.

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Determinants of Helminthic Infections and Anemia among Schoolchildren in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/9913118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yeshimebet Fetene ◽

Tadesse Hailu ◽

Mulat Yimer ◽

Megbaru Alemu

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Current Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Concentration Technique ◽

Helminthic Infections

Background. Soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni are the major helminthic parasites that cause major public health problems among schoolchildren in developing countries. Infection with the above parasites decreases the hemoglobin level of children. However, information regarding the current status of helminthic infections and anemia is limited. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of helminthic infections and anemia among children. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 schoolchildren at Sekelet primary school in northwest Ethiopia, from February to March 2017. Study participants were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Stool samples were collected and processed via the modified Ritchie’s concentration technique to detect parasites in stool. A HemoCue Hb 201 analyzer was used to determine the hemoglobin level. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical software. Association of helminthic infections and anemia with independent variables was determined using logistic regression analysis. Variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. From the total of 394 participants, 185 (46.9%), 164 (41.6%), and 112 (28.4%) were infected with intestinal parasites, helminths, and STHs, respectively. The prevalence of hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni were 106 (25.6%) and 54 (13.7%), respectively. The prevalence of anemia among the schoolchildren was 278 (70.6%). Anemia was prevalent among 55 (51.9%) hookworm-infected and 19 (35.2%) S. mansoni-infected children. Not wearing shoes and improper utilization of latrine were significantly associated ( P < 0.05 ) with hookworm infection, and frequent swimming in the river was also significantly associated ( P ≤ 0.001 ) with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections were also significantly associated ( P ≤ 0.001 ) with low levels of hemoglobin. Conclusion. Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections and anemia are highly prevalent among schoolchildren. Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections are significantly associated with anemia. Therefore, helminthic detection and hemoglobin determination should be done simultaneously among schoolchildren.

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The magnitude of Schistosoma mansoni and its associated risk factors among Sebatamit primary school children, rural Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-019-4498-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lemma Workineh ◽

Mulat Yimer ◽

Woyneshet Gelaye ◽

Desalegn Muleta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Bahir Dar ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Proportion of Immediate Postpartum Anaemia and Associated Factors among Postnatal Mothers in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Anemia ◽

10.1155/2020/8979740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Asenake Abebaw ◽

Temesgen Worku Gudayu ◽

Bayew Kelkay

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Participants

Background. Anaemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries. Postpartum anaemia hurts both maternal and newborn baby health. Anaemia in pregnancy is sufficiently emphasized; however, very little attention has been paid to postpartum anaemia in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Debre Markos Referral Hospital. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 study participants from August 1st to October 30th, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were collected through both face-to-face interview and maternal chart review by using a pretested questionnaire. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered using Epi Data version 4.6.0.0 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. First, binary logistic regression was applied to identify candidate variables for multivariable regression. Then, variables at p value <0.2 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression to control possible confounders. Finally, variables at p value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results. The proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia was 24.3%. Frequency of antenatal care (ANC) visits <4 times [AOR = 2.40; 95% CI (1.29, 4.43)], antepartum haemorrhage (APH) [AOR = 5.08; 95% CI (1.91, 13.55)], postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) [AOR = 4.47; 95% CI (2.25, 8.88)], giving birth assisted by instruments (vacuum or forceps) [AOR = 3.99; 95% CI (1.42, 11.23)], poor adherence to iron and folic acid (IFA) [AOR = 2.52; 95% CI (1.06, 6.04)], and midupper arm circumference (MUAC) <23 cm [AOR = 3.25; 95% CI (1.87, 5.65)] were the predictors. Conclusion. The proportion of immediate postpartum anaemia was a moderate public health concern. ANC, APH, PPH, mode of delivery, adherence to IFA supplementation, and MUAC measurement were the factors affecting the magnitude of anaemia. Therefore, interventions that would address the above mentioned factors need to be implemented.

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Hygienic Practice during Complementary Feeding and Associated Factors among Mothers of Children Aged 6–24 Months in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/2075351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Alelign Alemu Demmelash ◽

Biruk Demissie Melese ◽

Fitalew Tadele Admasu ◽

Eniyew Tegegne Bayih ◽

Getachew Yideg Yitbarek

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Health Sector ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Bahir Dar ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hygienic Practice ◽

Study Participants

Introduction. Breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of infants, and therefore food is needed. Microbiologically contaminated food is particularly harmful for children <2 years of age. There is scanty of information on hygienic practice and associated factors during complementary feeding among mothers of children aged 6 to 24 months in the country, particularly in the study setting. Objective. The study was aimed to assess hygienic practices and associated factors during complementary feeding among children aged 6 to 24 months in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross sectional study was conducted from March 20 to April 20, 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using the structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with hygienic practice during complementary feeding. Data were entered by using Epi Data version 3.1, and then it was exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis, and at 95% CI, p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. Among 604 respondents, 235 (38.9%) of study participants had good hygienic practice during complementary feeding. Access to media (AOR: 8.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8–20.3), private latrine ownership (AOR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.90–8.49), presence of hand washing facility at doorstep (AOR: 6.75 95% CI: 3.16–14.41), and residence of the study participants (AOR: 85.42, 95% CI: 1.94–15.2) were significantly associated with good hygienic practice of mothers during complementary feeding. Conclusion. Majority of mothers had poor hygienic practice during complementary feeding. Attitude of mothers, access to media, household private latrine ownership, presence of handwashing facility, and residence of the study participants were significantly associated with hygiene practice of mothers during complementary feeding. The health sector should train mothers on good hygiene practices during complementary feeding.

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Malaria Parasitemia in Febrile Patients Mono- and Coinfected with Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Attending Sanja Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2020/9891870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Fantahun Getaneh ◽

Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke ◽

Wossenseged Lemma ◽

Yalewayker Tegegne

Keyword(s):

Parasite Density ◽

Sample Size Calculation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Malaria Parasitemia ◽

Double Population ◽

Study Participants ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Background. Malaria is a life-threatening disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Helminths are among the most widespread infectious agents prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the developing world. Malaria and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STHs) are coendemic and major public health problems in Ethiopia. The effects of helminth coinfection on malaria parasitemia remained poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess malaria parasitemia among malaria-monoinfected and malaria-soil-transmitted helminthiasis–coinfected febrile patients attending Sanja Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study with parallel groups was conducted to assess malaria parasitemia among malaria-monoinfected and malaria-soil-transmitted helminthiasis–coinfected febrile patients in Sanja Hospital from January to March 2019. Double population proportion formula was used for sample size calculation, and convenient sampling technique was used to select 134 study participants. Data were entered and analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. A P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. From 134 malaria-positive study participants, 67 were malaria-monoinfected and 67 were malaria-STHs–coinfected patients. Out of 67 malaria STHs-coinfected patients, 54 (80.6%) were infected with hookworm followed by Ascaris lumbricoides 11 (16.4%) and Strongyloides stercoralis 2 (3%). The mean Plasmodium parasite density was significantly higher in malaria-STHs–coinfected patients than in patients infected with only Plasmodium parasites (P=0.027). The intensities of hookworm infection showed a positive association with Plasmodium parasite densities (F=6.953, P=0.002). Conclusions. Infections with STHs, especially hookworm, were positively associated with Plasmodium parasite density. The current study finding also revealed that increased worm burden of hookworm as expressed by egg intensity had significantly increased Plasmodium parasite density.

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Knowledge about Computer Vision Syndrome among Bank Workers in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

Occupational Therapy International ◽

10.1155/2020/2561703 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Getasew Alemu Mersha ◽

Mohammed Seid Hussen ◽

Gizachew Tilahun Belete ◽

Melkamu Temeselew Tegene

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Study Participants

Background. Globally, computer vision syndrome is the most common eye problem which is associated with prolonged exposure to a computer. It has a great socioeconomic impact on the users due to its effect on job performance. Recently, many people in the world, including our country Ethiopia, especially bank workers, are spending most of their time in front of a computer screen to facilitate their work. Since it is assumed that knowledge is pertinent to prevent computer vision syndrome, this study was aimed at assessing the understanding of bank workers towards computer vision syndrome. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 248 bank workers. The study participants were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the bank workers. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Results. A total of 248 bank workers completed the questionnaire fully, which was a response rate of 93.5% (n=234). Among them, 155 (66.20%) were males and the majority of the respondents were in the age group of 20-39 years (223, 95.3%). The study revealed that from 234 respondents, 211 (90.20%) were aware of computer vision syndrome, while 26.9% of them had a good knowledge about the disorder. Majority of the respondents (40, 17.1%) cited mass media as a source of information. Conclusion. Even though the majority of computer-using bank workers heard of computer vision syndrome, it was recognized that only a small portion of the participants had good knowledge.

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Seizure-Related Injuries among People with Epilepsy at the Outpatient Department of the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Institutional-Based Study

Neurology Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4970691 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Berhanu Boru Bifftu ◽

Bewket Tadesse Tiruneh ◽

Mengistu Mekonnen Kelkay ◽

Nestanet Habte Bayu ◽

Abebe Woldesellassie Tewolde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seizure Frequency ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Physical Injury ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physical Injuries ◽

Study Participants

Background. The characteristics of epilepsy such as the episodic nature of impairment of consciousness and motor control, psychomotor comorbidity, seizure frequency, and side effects of antiepileptic drugs impact negatively on the physical safety of the patients. Physical injuries such as burn, fracture, dental loss, and hemorrhage affect the quality of patients’ life to the extent of death. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of physical injury and associated factors among people with epilepsy. Methods. The study was carried out among 409 people with epilepsy. Cross-sectional study design was utilized to enroll the selected study participants using systematic random sampling technique. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were fitted to identify associated factors using an odds ratio and 95% CI. Results. The overall estimated prevalence of seizure-related physical injury was found to be 27.9%. Of the 27.9% seizure-related physical injuries, 12.5% had abrasions, 5.9% had burns, 4.4% had dental injuries, 2.2% had fractures, and 1.5% had head injuries and dislocations, respectively. Employment, 2-3 years duration of illness, seizure frequencies, and frequencies of drug taken were factors associated with physical injury. Conclusion. More than a quarter of the study participants experienced physical injury. Designing/strengthening injury prevention strategies is suggested especially for those who had uncontrolled seizure frequency for longer period of time.

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A Cross Sectional Assessment on Distribution of Snail and Risk Factors of Schistosoma Mansoni Infection in Proximity to Water Contact Points in Gorgora Town, Western Dembia District, Northwest Ethiopia.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117767/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aberham Abere ◽

Ligabaw Worku ◽

Abebe Genetu ◽

Dessie Abebaw ◽

Adane Derso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Health Problem ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Schistosome Infection ◽

Biomphalaria Pfeifferi ◽

Water Contact ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Contact Points

Abstract Background: Schistosomiasis is one of the great neglected tropical diseases with socio-economic and health problem worldwide. In Ethiopia numerous studies reported S. mansoni is high among school-age and preschool age children. Though intensive prevalence studies are conducted the snail distribution and infectivity status and human infection rate dynamics in Ethiopian context remains poorly understood. Thus the purpose of the current study was to assess distribution of snail and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection in proximity to water contact points in Gorgora town, Western Dembia District, Northwest Ethiopia. Method: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gorgora Town from March to May 2020. A total of 385 study participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Stool sample was collected and examined by Kato-Katz technique. Malacological survey was done from sampling sites showing signs of human activity near Lake Tana shoreline. Live snails collected in plastic bucket containing water and weed were transported within four hours to the University of Gondar, Medical parasitology laboratory for identification and determination of infection. Data was entered with EPI Data version 4.4.2.1. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0 and STATA version 15.0. p-value ≤ 0.05 was reported as statistically significant. Spatial distribution analysis was done using ArcGIS system for Geographical Information System (GIS). Result: The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 36.6% (CI: 32-41.9) with intensity of 30.5%, 27.0% and 42.6% for light, moderate, and heavy, respectively. Among the different fresh water snails collected on the basis of shell morphology 546(%) were Biomphalaria pfeifferi, 310(28.1%) were Bulinus spp, 101(9.1%) were Lymnaea, and 147(13.3%) were Bivalve. Schistosome infection in Biomphalaria spp. was 0.0%. Swimming frequency and proximity to water body were observed to be the most associated risk factor to S. mansoni infection. Conclusion: The study showed that S. mansoni is an ongoing health problem in Gorgora. Different fresh water snails with a potential of transmitting diseases of human and veterinary importance that requires attention had been identified. Longitudinal and molecular study on Biomphalaria pfeifferi infection rate as well as susceptibility to schistosome infection is recommended.

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