Experimental Validation of a Highly Damped Deployable Solar Panel Module with a Pogo Pin-Based Burn Wire Triggering Release Mechanism

In this present work, a highly damped deployable solar panel module was developed for application in the 3 U CubeSat. The solar panel proposed herein is effective in guaranteeing the structural safety of solar cells under a launch environment owing to the superior damping characteristics achieved using multilayered stiffeners with viscoelastic acrylic tapes. A holding and release action of the solar panel was achieved by a new version of spring-loaded pogo pin-based burn wire triggering mechanism. A demonstration model of high-damping solar panel assembly was fabricated and tested to validate the effectiveness of the design. The holding and release mechanism achieved using a pogo pin was functionally tested through solar panel deployment tests under ambient room temperature and a thermal vacuum environment. The design effectiveness and structural safety of the solar panel module were validated through qualification-level launch and in-orbit environment tests.

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Development of a Novel Deployable Solar Panel and Mechanism for 6U CubeSat of STEP Cube Lab-II

Aerospace ◽

10.3390/aerospace8030064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Shankar Bhattarai ◽

Ji-Seong Go ◽

Hongrae Kim ◽

Hyun-Ung Oh

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Structural Safety ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Constrained Layer Damping ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

Design Effectiveness

The structural safety of solar cells mounted on deployable solar panels in the launch vibration environment is a significant aspect of a successful CubeSat mission. This paper presents a novel highly damped deployable solar panel module that is effective in ensuring structural protection of solar cells under the launch environment by rapidly suppressing the vibrations transmitting through the solar panel by constrained layer damping achieved using printed circuit board (PCB)-based multilayered thin stiffeners with double-sided viscoelastic tapes. A high-damping solar panel demonstration model with a three-pogo pin-based burn wire release mechanism was fabricated and tested for application in the 6U CubeSat “STEP Cube Lab-II” developed by Chosun University, South Korea. The reliable release function and radiation hardness assurance of the mechanism in an in-orbit environment were confirmed by performing solar panel deployment tests and radiation tests, respectively. The design effectiveness and structural safety of the proposed solar panel module were validated by launch vibration and in-orbit environment tests at the qualification level.

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Development of 6 U CubeSat’s Deployable Solar Panel with Burn Wire Triggering Holding and Release Mechanism

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering ◽

10.1155/2019/7346436 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Tae-Yong Park ◽

Bong-Geon Chae ◽

Hyun-Ung Oh

Keyword(s):

Random Vibration ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Structural Safety ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Wire Cutting ◽

Vibration Tests

In the present work, a deployable solar panel based on a burn wire triggering holding and release mechanism was developed for use of 6 U CubeSat. The holding and release mechanism was designed based on a nichrome burn wire cutting method widely used for CubeSat applications. However, it provides a high loading capability, reliable wire cutting, multiplane constraints, and handling simplicity during the tightening process of wire. A demonstration model of a printed circuit board-based solar panel stiffened by a high-pressure fiberglass-laminated G10 material was fabricated and tested to validate the effectiveness of the design and functionality of the mechanism under various test conditions. The structural safety of the solar panel combined with the mechanism in a launch vibration environment was verified through sine and random vibration tests at qualification level.

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Experimental CanSat Platform for Functional Verification of Burn Wire Triggering-Based Holding and Release Mechanisms

Aerospace ◽

10.3390/aerospace8070192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Shankar Bhattarai ◽

Ji-Seong Go ◽

Hyun-Ung Oh

Keyword(s):

Functional Performance ◽

Flight Test ◽

Easy Access ◽

Functional Verification ◽

Release Mechanism ◽

Space Technology ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Release Mechanisms ◽

Design Effectiveness

In this study, we present the Diverse Holding and Release Mechanism Can Satellite (DHRM CanSat) platform developed by the Space Technology Synthesis Laboratory (STSL) at Chosun University, South Korea. This platform focuses on several types of holding and release mechanisms (HRMs) for application in deployable appendages of nanosatellites. The objectives of the DHRM CanSat mission are to demonstrate the design effectiveness and functionality of the three newly proposed HRMs based on the burn wire triggering method, i.e., the pogo pin-type HRM, separation nut-type HRM, and Velcro tape-type HRM, which were implemented on deployable dummy solar panels of the CanSat. The proposed mechanisms have many advantages, including a high holding capability, simultaneous constraints in multi-plane directions, and simplicity of handling. Additionally, each mechanism has distinctive features, such as spring-loaded pins to initiate deployment, a plate with a thread as a nut for a high holding capability, and a hook and loop fastener for easy access to subsystems of the satellite without releasing the holding constraint. The design effectiveness and functional performance of the proposed mechanisms were demonstrated through an actual flight test of the DHRM CanSat launched by a model rocket.

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Abstract P189: Method of Cold Saline Storage for Prehospital Induced Hypothermia

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_1486-a ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Mitch Kampmeyer ◽

Clifton W Callaway

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Prehospital Care ◽

Rank Test ◽

Induced Hypothermia ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Storage Unit ◽

Cold Saline ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ambient Room Temperature

Recent research supports the use of cold IV fluid as a method for initiating therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest resuscitation. However, prehospital care programs employing this treatment have encountered various difficulties. Barriers to prehospital induced hypothermia protocols include the lack of effective or economically reasonable methods to maintain cold saline in the field. Objective. Determine the time that a standard commercial cooler can maintain two 1-liter normal saline solution (NSS) bags below 4°C in 3 different environments. Methods. Environments simulating an ambulance compartment were created for the experiment. NSS temperatures were continuously recorded inside a standard commercial cooler with or without ice packs (IPs) under one of three scenarios: ambient room temperature (25°C) without (IPs), ambient room temperature with IPs and 50°C ambient temperature with IPs. Four trials under each condition were performed. Time to warm to 4°C was compared using Kaplan-Meier log rank test. Results. In a room temperature environment with IPs, the NSS warmed to 4°C in a mean interval of 29 hrs 53 mins versus in ambient room temperature without IPs (1 hr 21 mins) versus in constant hot environment of 50°C with IPs (10 hrs 50 mins). A significant difference was found between the three environments (log-rank =17.90, dF =2, p =0.0001). Conclusions. Low technology methods in the form of a cooler and IPs can provide cold NSS storage for longer than a full 24 hour shift in a room temperature ambulance. In hot ambient conditions, 4°C NSS can be maintained for nearly 11 hours using this method. This model exhibits an economical, easily deployable cold saline storage unit.

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Effect of Irrigation and Potash Levels on Keeping Quality of Potato

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v6i0.28120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 92-100

Author(s):

Ram Chandra Adhikari ◽

Mahesh Kumar Rana

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Irrigation Level ◽

Ambient Room Temperature ◽

Keeping Quality ◽

Four Levels ◽

Plot Design

Irrigation and fertilizer are the most dominating factors, in deciding the keeping quality of potato. It is, therefore, essential to formulate the efficient, reliable and economically viable irrigation management strategy with the use of potassium nutrient in order to produce better keeping quality. The investigation comprising four levels of irrigation (25, 30, 35 and 40 mm CPE (Cumulative pan evaporation) and four levels of potash (0, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha) was carried out at Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, (Haryana) Hisar, India during two years to find out the optimum level of irrigation and potash for obtaining higher yield of potatoes with better keeping quality at ambient room temperature. The potato variety used for the investigation was Kufri Bahar. The treatments were laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The increasing levels of irrigation and potash showed significant improvement in keeping quality parameters of potato. Likewise, the values for physiological loss in weight and decay loss of potato tubers (%) at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after harvest were the lowest with irrigation level 40 mm CPE and application of potash @ 150 kg/ha. The two years results suggest that the irrigation level 40 mm CPE along with potash @ 150 kg/ha has shown the best treatment combination for the storage of potato at ambient room temperature under semiarid conditions of Hisar (Haryana).

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Palonosetron HCl Compatibility and Stability with Doxorubicin HCl and Epirubicin HCl During Simulated Y-Site Administration

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1e408 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 280-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lawrence A Trissel ◽

Yanping Zhang

Keyword(s):

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Chemical Stability ◽

Drug Concentration ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Chemotherapy Drugs ◽

Ambient Room Temperature ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Anthracycline Chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: Palonosetron HCl is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Palonosetron HCl may be administered with other drugs by Y-site administration, including doxorubicin HCI and epirubicin HCI. Consequently, stability and compatability information are needed to verify the acceptability of such Y-site administration. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the physical and chemical stability of undiluted palonosetron HCl 50 μg/mL with doxorubicin HCl 1 mg/mL and epirubicin HCl 0.5 mg/mL during simulated Y-site administration. METHODS: Triplicate samples of palonosetron HCl with each of the anthracycline chemotherapy drugs were tested. Samples were stored and evaluated for up to 4 hours at room temperature near 23°C. Physical stability was assessed using turbidimetric and particulate measurement, as well as visual inspection. Chemical stability was assessed by HPLC. RESULTS: All of the admixtures were clear and red—orange when viewed in normal fluorescent room light and with a Tyndall beam. Measured turbidity and particulate content were low initially and remained low throughout the study. The drug concentration was unchanged in any of the samples throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Palonosetron HCl is physically and chemically stable with doxorubicin HCl and epirubicin HCl during simulated Y-site administration of these drugs over 4 hours at ambient room temperature.

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THE INFLUENCE OF SOME POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON STAKED AND NON-STAKED CUCUMBER FRUIT QUALITY DURING STORAGE AT AMBIENT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2015.1091.16 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

P. Adoma ◽

B.K. Maalekuu

Keyword(s):

Fruit Quality ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Cucumber Fruit ◽

Ambient Room Temperature ◽

Postharvest Treatments

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Stability of Donepezil in an Extemporaneously Prepared Oral Liquid

Journal of Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/0897190006297459 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 282-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Weeranuj Yamreudeewong ◽

Eric Kurt Dolence ◽

Deborah Pahl

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Storage Time ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Storage Period ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Ambient Room Temperature ◽

Oral Liquid ◽

Liquid Preparation ◽

The Stability

The stability of donepezil in an extemporaneously prepared oral liquid was studied. An aqueous liquid formulation of donepezil was prepared by reconstituting the powder from triturated 5-mg tablets with equal amounts of deionized water and 70% sorbitol solution with an expected donepezil concentration of 1 mg/mL. Polyethylene terephthalate plastic bottles containing donepezil liquid preparation were stored at ambient room temperature (22° C-26° C) and in the refrigerator (4° C-8° C). After a storage time of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, donepezil liquid samples were analyzed in triplicate for donepezil concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations of donepezil were found to be within the acceptable limit (± 10% of the initial concentration) in all test samples, which indicated that donepezil liquid preparation was stable at room temperature and in the refrigerator for up to 4 weeks. In addition, our study findings indicated that there was no microbial growth in the extemporaneously prepared donepezil liquid preparation after a storage period of 4 weeks in the refrigerator. In summary, the results of our study revealed that donepezil is stable (no significant loss of donepezil concentration and no microbial growth) in an extemporaneously prepared oral liquid when stored in the refrigerator for up to 4 weeks.

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A Rapid Method for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Pulpmill Effluents and Other Toxicants to Salmonid Fish at Ambient Room Temperature

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f76-168 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1303-1311 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Donald J. McLeay

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Rapid Method ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Coho Salmon ◽

Dehydroabietic Acid ◽

Salmonid Fish ◽

Salmo Gairdneri ◽

Residual Oxygen ◽

Fold Reduction ◽

Ambient Room Temperature

A residual oxygen bioassay performed at ambient room temperature is examined as a rapid method for measuring the acute toxicity of pulpmill effluents and other toxicants to salmonid fish. Test results are evaluated in comparison with 96-h LC50 bioassays.At test temperatures of 19–22 C and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) loadings of 4–5 g/liter, residual oxygen levels were elevated in effluent concentrations equivalent to 0.5–0.9 of the samples’ 96-h LC50 values; these tests were completed within 5–6.5 h. Sensitivity increased only slightly with a loading of 1 g/liter and this test required 18 h for completion. Decreasing the number of fish per jar from 4 to 1 while holding fish loadings constant by varying the size of the test containers did not alter the test’s sensitivity. Results indicate that, with a loading of 4–5 g fish/liter and 10 replicates of 1 fish/jar, a residual oxygen bioassay at ambient room temperature is more sensitive than a 96-h LC50 batch replacement bioassay (2 liters/g fish per day). Under these conditions fish requirements are identical; the residual oxygen test is completed within 6.5 h and 32- to 40-fold reduction in volume of test solutions required is achieved.The procedure was evaluated with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) using dehydroabietic acid, zinc, phenol, and lindane. Significant responses occurred with these toxicants at concentrations equivalent to 0.5–1.0 of the samples’ 96-h LC50 values and higher.

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