scholarly journals Design and Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials for Sensor Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Naumih M. Noah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Metal Metal

There has been an increasing demand for the development of sensor devices with improved characteristics such as sensitivity, low cost, faster response, reliability, rapider recovery, reduced size, in situ analysis, and simple operation. Nanostructured materials have shown great potential in improving these properties for chemical and biological sensors. There are different nanostructured materials which have been used in manufacturing nanosensors which include nanoscale wires (capability of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (very high surface area and high electron conductivity), thin films, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer, and biomaterials. This review provides different methods which have been used in the synthesis and fabrication of these nanostructured materials followed by an extensive review of the recent developments of metal, metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, and polymer nanostructured materials in sensor applications.

scholarly journals Starch-Based Hybrid Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashoka Gamage ◽  
Thiviya Punniamoorthy ◽  
Terrence Madhujith
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Hybrid Nanomaterials ◽  
Metal Metal

Environmental pollution is becoming a major global issue with increasing anthropogenic activities that release massive toxic pollutants into the land, air, and water. Nanomaterials have gained the most popularity in the last decades over conventional methods because of their high surface area to volume ratio and higher reactivity. Nanomaterials including metal, metal oxide, zero-valent ions, carbonaceous nanomaterials, and polymers function as adsorbents, catalysts, photocatalysts, membrane (filtration), disinfectants, and sensors in the detection and removal of various pollutants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes, industrial effluents, and pathogenic microbial. Polymer-inorganic hybrid materials or nanocomposites are highly studied for the removal of various contaminants. Starch, a heteropolysaccharide, is a natural biopolymer generally incorporated with other metal, metal oxide, and other polymeric nanoparticles and has been reported in various environmental remediation applications as a low-cost alternative for petroleum-based polymers. Therefore, this chapter mainly highlights the various nanomaterials used in environmental remediation, starch-based hybrid nanomaterials, and their application and limitations.

Effect of Pretreatment of Synthetic and Natural Carbons as Starting Materials for Carbon Nanotubes

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Buang ◽  
M. Aziz ◽  
S. Sanip ◽  
J.C. Tee ◽  
Z.H.Z Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Carbon are well known as active materials for energy storage and conversion. They are preferred because carbon materials have high electrical conductivity, low cost, high surface area, porosity, formability and possess good chemical and electrochemical resistivity. The most recently discovered novel carbon material is the carbon nanotubes, having unique geometrical structure and stable mechanical and chemical properties. The starting materials for carbon nanotubes production widely used are high purity graphite. Thus, two types of carbons were studied and thermal treatments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 600 – 800 °C for several hours. The effect of the pretreatment upon their morphology and surface area were looked into. It was found that significant changes occurred for the natural carbons while the synthetic carbons showed little or no changes at the particular temperature range. The thermal treatment has resulted in the exposure of fresh edge planes and microparticles as well as changes in the specific surface area and enhances their adsorption properties.

scholarly journals Nanostructured materials for CBRNdetection

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alexandru SIRGHIE ◽  
◽  
Mihai OPROESCU ◽  
Gabriel Vasile IANA ◽  
Adriana Gabriela PLAIASU
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Recent Trends

Nanomaterials are gaining significance in technological applications due to their chemical, physical, and mechanical properties and enhanced performance when compared with their bulkier counterparts. The synthesis of nanostructured materials has led to a significant increase in properties (thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical) as well as the discovery of materials with new properties due the fact that at the nanoscale the materials have a high surface area Most applications of nanomaterials in sensors are related to their synthesis. In this paper we report recent trends in applications of various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanowires andgraphene to detect CBRN agents.

Facile Synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticle-loaded Carbon Nanotubes Composite Catalysts for Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Feng ◽  
Ran Wang ◽  
Juanjuan Yin ◽  
Fangke Zhan ◽  
Kaiyue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Composite Catalysts ◽  
Cu2o Nanoparticles

Background: 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is one of the pollutants in sewage and harmful to human health and the environment. Cu is a non-noble metal with catalytic reduction effect on nitro compounds, and.has the advantages of simple preparation, abundant reserves, and low price. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are widely used for substrate due to their excellent mechanical stability and high surface area. In this study, a simple method to prepare CNT-Cu2O by controlling different reaction time was reported. The prepared nanocomposites were used to catalyze 4-NP. Methods: CNTs and CuCl2 solution were put into a beaker, and then ascorbic acid and NaOH were added while continuously stirring. The reaction was carried out for a sufficiently long period of time at 60°C. The prepared samples were dried in a vacuum at 50°C for 48 h after washing with ethyl alcohol and deionized water. Results: Nanostructures of these composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy techniques, and the results at a magnification of 200 nanometers showed that Cu2O was distributed on the surface of the CNTs. In addition, X-ray diffraction was performed to further confirm the formation of Cu2O nanoparticles. The results of ultraviolet spectrophotometry showed that the catalytic effect of the compound on 4-NP was obvious. Conclusions: CNTs acted as a huge template for loading Cu2O nanoparticles, which could improve the stability and cycle performance of Cu2O. The formation of nanoparticles was greatly affected by temperature and the appropriate concentration, showing great reducibility for the 4-NP reduction reaction.

scholarly journals Synthesis of catalysts with fine platinum particles supported by high-surface-area activated carbons and optimization of their catalytic activities for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 20601-20611
Author(s):  
Md. Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Kenta Inaba ◽  
Garavdorj Batnyagt ◽  
Masato Saikawa ◽  
Yoshiki Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Supported Platinum ◽  
Platinum Particles

Herein, we demonstrated that carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) is a low-cost and high-performance electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs).

scholarly journals Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Copper–Cobalt Oxide Nanosheets

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Geul Han Kim ◽  
Yoo Sei Park ◽  
Juchan Yang ◽  
Myeong Je Jang ◽  
Jaehoon Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Cobalt Hydroxide ◽  
Ni Foam ◽  
Electron Conduction

Developing high performance, highly stable, and low-cost electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is challenging in water electrolysis technology. However, Ir- and Ru-based OER catalysts with high OER efficiency are difficult to commercialize as precious metal-based catalysts. Therefore, the study of OER catalysts, which are replaced by non-precious metals and have high activity and stability, are necessary. In this study, a copper–cobalt oxide nanosheet (CCO) electrode was synthesized by the electrodeposition of copper–cobalt hydroxide (CCOH) on Ni foam followed by annealing. The CCOH was annealed at various temperatures, and the structure changed to that of CCO at temperatures above 250 °C. In addition, it was observed that the nanosheets agglomerated when annealed at 300 °C. The CCO electrode annealed at 250 °C had a high surface area and efficient electron conduction pathways as a result of the direct growth on the Ni foam. Thus, the prepared CCO electrode exhibited enhanced OER activity (1.6 V at 261 mA/cm2) compared to those of CCOH (1.6 V at 144 mA/cm2), Co3O4 (1.6 V at 39 mA/cm2), and commercial IrO2 (1.6 V at 14 mA/cm2) electrodes. The optimized catalyst also showed high activity and stability under high pH conditions, demonstrating its potential as a low cost, highly efficient OER electrode material.

scholarly journals One-Dimensional (1D) Nanostructured Materials for Energy Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2609
Author(s):  
Abniel Machín ◽  
Kenneth Fontánez ◽  
Juan C. Arango ◽  
Dayna Ortiz ◽  
Jimmy De León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
1D Nanostructures ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Energy Processes

At present, the world is at the peak of production of traditional fossil fuels. Much of the resources that humanity has been consuming (oil, coal, and natural gas) are coming to an end. The human being faces a future that must necessarily go through a paradigm shift, which includes a progressive movement towards increasingly less polluting and energetically viable resources. In this sense, nanotechnology has a transcendental role in this change. For decades, new materials capable of being used in energy processes have been synthesized, which undoubtedly will be the cornerstone of the future development of the planet. In this review, we report on the current progress in the synthesis and use of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured materials (specifically nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanorods), with compositions based on oxides, nitrides, or metals, for applications related to energy. Due to its extraordinary surface–volume relationship, tunable thermal and transport properties, and its high surface area, these 1D nanostructures have become fundamental elements for the development of energy processes. The most relevant 1D nanomaterials, their different synthesis procedures, and useful methods for assembling 1D nanostructures in functional devices will be presented. Applications in relevant topics such as optoelectronic and photochemical devices, hydrogen production, or energy storage, among others, will be discussed. The present review concludes with a forecast on the directions towards which future research could be directed on this class of nanostructured materials.

Fabricate Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with Electrospining

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 1117-1120
Author(s):  
Yun Yun Chu ◽  
Yu Chou Chao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Viable Method

Dye adsorption on Ti02and electron transport in Ti02film are the two critical factors in determining efficiency of the the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Increasing dye adsorption which increases the light harvesting is usually achieved by using nanoporous or nanoparticle Ti02films. Electron transport is determined by the inter-particle resistance of Ti02film. Electrospinning is a viable method for forming porous structure materials with high surface area. In this study, it was found that electrospinning is able to achieve good solar cell performance due to the high electron transport caused by the pores in the Ti02film.

Recent trends in carbon nanotubes based prostate cancer therapy: A biomedical hybrid for diagnosis and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Murugesan ◽  
Sureshkumar Raman
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
High Level

: At present treatment methods for cancer are limited, partially due to the solubility, poor cellular distribution of drug molecules and, the incapability of drugs to annoy the cellular barriers. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) generally have excellent physio-chemical properties, which include high-level penetration into the cell membrane, high surface area and high capacity of drug loading by in circulating modification with bio-molecules, project them as an appropriate candidate to diagnose and deliver drugs to prostate cancer (PCa). Additionally, the chemically modified CNTs which have excellent 'Biosensing' properties therefore makes it easy for detecting PCa without fluorescent agent and thus targets the particular site of PCa and also, Drug delivery can accomplish a high efficacy, enhanced permeability with less toxic effects. While CNTs have been mainly engaged in cancer treatment, a few studies are focussed on the diagnosis and treatment of PCa. Here, we detailly reviewed the current progress of the CNTs based diagnosis and targeted drug delivery system for managing and curing PCa.

Morphology dependent adsorption of methylene blue on trititanate nanoplates and nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of TiO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-357
Author(s):  
Graham Dawson ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Luhua Lu ◽  
Kai Dai
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Properties

The adsorption properties of two nanomorphologies of trititanate, nanotubes (TiNT) and plates (TiNP), prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of concentrated NaOH with different phases of TiO2, were examined. It was found that the capacity for both morphologies towards methylene blue (MB), an ideal pollutant, was extremely high, with the TiNP having a capacity of 130 mg/g, higher than the TiNT, whose capacity was 120 mg/g at 10 mg/L MB concentration. At capacity, the well-dispersed powders deposit on the floor of the reaction vessel. The two morphologies had very different structural and adsorption properties. TiNT with high surface area and pore volume exhibited exothermic monolayer adsorption of MB. TiNP with low surface area and pore volume yielded a higher adsorption capacity through endothermic multilayer adsorption governed by pore diffusion. TiNP exhibited a higher negative surface charge of −23 mV, compared to −12 mV for TiNT. The adsorption process appears to be an electrostatic interaction, with the cationic dye attracted more strongly to the nanoplates, resulting in a higher adsorption capacity and different adsorption modes. We believe this simple, low cost production of high capacity nanostructured adsorbent material has potential uses in wastewater treatment.

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